----- Original Message -----
From: "Frederick Sparber" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, May 16, 2006 4:54 PM
Subject: Re: Helmholtz Layer Metal-Water Interface, Joe Cell Etc
Michel Jullian wrote:
I don't know what you're after Fred (power from surface effects? All I
can
do is confirm the e-field calculation, it's 0.5GV/m all right :) but the
quotes are interesting!
I'm after that ~ 80,000 joule/mole Spontaneous Free Energy in the
Autoionization of Water
( 0.83 eV per H-OH bond, 2 H2O <---> H3O+ + OH -)
Fred do you mean the following? (H3O+ is the aqueous solute of H+ isn't it?
My chemistry courses are awfully far away :)
---------
H2O(l) -> OH-(aq) + H+(aq) - 55.836 kJ/mol (endothermic)
Reverse reaction spontaneous at 25°C. No equilibrium temperature.
---------
If it is then it's about 60kJ/mol but absorbed, not produced, and it only
occurs in a marginal way (not spontaneous at any temperature)
plus the Added Free
Energy of
Redox Reactions of H3O+ + e- ---> H plus H2O at the Cathode to form H
atoms and
the OH - electron donation to the Anode to form OH due to the
Helmholtz "Zeta Potential" to generate copious amounts of an H and OH gas
for combustion in the cylinders of an ICE.
Combustion into H2O vapor I suppose? So the net reaction is H2O(l) -> H2O(g)
right? Again this doesn't produce any net energy, on the contrary it absorbs
about 40 kJ/mol I am afraid.
Michel
Watch the Swiss movie: :-)
http://chimge.unil.ch/En/ph/1ph4.htm
I think this what Klein is now calling his "Unique HHO gas" in his recent
patent application
20060075683 that covers all of the "burning water" prior art posted on the
Internet, Brown's Gas,
George Wiseman's Eagle Research products,
http://www.hydropowercar.com/content.php?content.6
, Daniel Dingal's water powered car, The Joe Cell, and on and on. :-)
http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2F
netahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=2&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=Klein.IN.&s
2=water.AB.&OS=IN/Klein+AND+ABST/water&RS=IN/Klein+AND+ABST/water
Fred
Michel
----- Original Message -----
From: "Frederick Sparber" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, May 16, 2006 1:58 PM
Subject: Re: Helmholtz Layer Metal-Water Interface, Joe Cell Etc
>A 0.1 volt "Zeta Potential" across the 0.2 nanometer Metal-Water
> interface is 500 million volts per meter.
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler-Nordheim_equation
>
> " The Fowler-Nordheim equation in solid state physics relates current,
> work and electric field strength to determine field emission. It has
two
> parts: an equation for field emitted current density, and the equation
for
> total current.
>
> For the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling current density :
> J = K1 × E2 × e-K2/E
> "The point is that the current increases with the voltage squared
> multiplied by an exponential increase with inverse voltage. While the
> second factor, E2, obviously increases rapidly with voltage, the third
> factor, the exponential, deserves another sentence"
> Compare Fowler-Nordheim with the Richardson-Dushman Equation for
> Thermionic Emission:
> http://www.virginia.edu/ep/SurfaceScience/thermion.html
> http://www.virginia.edu/ep/SurfaceScience/electron.html
> "Jellium model. The charge of the ion cores is spread over the solid
> (jellium) and the electrons then move in the potential produced by this
> jellium. Density functional theory is used where the properties of the
> electron "gas" depends only on the electron density. This is sometimes
> refined by adding non-local corrections to the properties. We note that
a
> uniform electron gas is not a good approximation at the surface"
> Surface dipole
> "In the jellium model, the positive background terminates abruptly at
the
> surface (jellium edge). The electrons are allowed to readjust. The
finite
> wavelength of the electrons causes Friedel oscillations in the electron
> density near the surface (this is analogous to what happens when one
tries
> to express a step function as a sum of sinusoidal functions up to a
> maximum frequency). The sharpness of the jellium and the spread of the
> electron density (which decays exponentially outside the solid)
produces a
> deficit of electrons just inside the jellium edge and an excess
outside.
> This produces a dipole layer. This dipole attracts electrons to the
> surface and produces a step in the surface potential"
> "The total potential seen by the electrons (inner potential) is the
> electrostatic potential caused by the distribution of charge density
> (Poisson equation), plus the exchange-correlation potential produced by
> electron-electron correlations. The exchange-correlation potential
> evolves into the image potential outside the solid. The electrostatic
> potential includes the surface dipole whose value depends on the
roughness
> of the surface, both at the atomic scale and that produced by steps.
> Thus, the work function, which is the inner potential minus the Fermi
> energy, depends on the crystallographic orientation of the face of the
> crystal. For instance, the work function of Cu (fcc) is 4.94 eV, 4.59
eV
> and 4.48 eV for the (111), (100) and (110) surfaces, respectively. The
> work function will be changed when permanent or induced dipoles are
added
> during adsorption of gases on the surface. These additional dipoles
can
> increase or decrease the work function."
