If an alternative "fuel" can be made from pure water by slow
application of electric charge, as has been claimed by a few of
the more advanced practitioners using recently improved Browns Gas
(BG) or Joe Cell (JC) systems, then that fuel likely already has a
name in mainstream science: the Hydroxide Hydrate negative ion.
This is a most unusual species.
CAVEAT: It should be added to every post of this nature: there is
nothing approaching scientific proof of this - but plenty of
persistent anecdotal accounts that some alternative "fuel" made
from water can self-power an ICE, with no or little fossil fuel
(perhaps lubrication oil). If true, this means that at least a
COP of 7-8 is happening, calculated on the net P-in to P-out,
including the water conditioning.
The huge problem: How could this have been overlooked previously?
The only way would be if something like the reciprocating engine
plays a critical role - and the "fuel" is only active in that
circumstance. Most Bizarre but it does fit in with the idea of a
electromechanical "exploding capacitor".
This species in question, the Hydroxide Hydrate negative ion
OH(H2O)-
may takes the geometric form of
H
HO - e- < >O
H
Although, as Fred Sparber has shown, there are many other hydrated
species which may be present in electrolyzed water, this one
stands out for several reasons. The situation is far from
"either/or" and certainly peroxides are there and dozens of other
superoxidizers.
This particular ion is an attractive candidate due to the "nested
charge" requiring just five atoms, which would have the effective
formula of H3O2- As you can see from the proposed simplified
structure above, it is technically a negative ion, but the
electron is effectively shielded and encapsulated by the H2O on
one side and the OH on the other ... Unique, no? ... as it
possibly indicates enhanced comparative stability over any "bare"
ion (one with an "exposed" charge).
And an "ultra-ultra-capacitor" (5 atom capacitor) would be very
powerful, even if the effective internal charge is only about one
volt. If it were more than one volt, then H2/O2 would
preferentially form. In fact, the very slow application of a low
voltage-gradient in the "manufacture" of the fuel may be the key
to this.
Depending on the externally expressed charge and near-field of
this species, there would need to be a positive charge
counterbalance. Hydronium would be the most likely candidate for
that, but it has a "bare" charge so there could be instability
but there are other candidates - and it is all a mix anyway.
Perhaps in the paired polar ion - there is some special "fit" in
whatever is found to be the most active mix. For instance if all
three protons of hydronium were aligned with the Oxygen opposed
forming a tetrahedron, and the end oxygen atom of the Hydroxide
Hydrate negative ion were nested into that 3-proton triangular
cavity, such that an ionic bound combination forms in a minimum
space - consequently it could exhibit special stability and still
yield about 2 eV when forced into sudden charge-annihilation by
the ICE collapsing action.
If this kind of capacitor were to be "exploded" - to use the
direct analogy to an exploding electrolytic capacitor (on the
macro scale) then the question arises as to how much energy is
available from this, compared with gasoline combustion.
The OH(H2O)- ion has a molecular weight of 35 and hydronium (H3O)
19 so in total this discharge might give two eV net energy per 54
amu. Gasoline combustion resulting in CO2 gives more energy per
amu - ostensibly - until you realize that for every O there are 4
nitrogens, so the net energy of gasoline in air is actually less
per net amu then is a water-fuel capacitor alone, in this grossly
oversimplified comparison. This only goes to show that this
"natural" fuel, which is little more then electrolyzed-water -
has, shall we dare say- an unrecognized 'potential' in the context
of an exploding capacitor. The proximate energy source is broken
hydrogen bonds, and the ultimate source must involve the Casimir
force.
It is still troubling that this has situation not been seen by
mainstream science before now - if it has any validity - and that
such a very high COP could have gone undetected for so long...
...unless, of course, the tropical hurricane provides some of that
evidence from nature herself.
The prior non-detection would be even more troubling - but then
again, mainstream science has never faced the necessity of
pursuing every possible angle for energy in situations where they
"knew" that anomalous energy could not possibly exist... and
anyway, science normally does not use an ICE in as a standard
conversion technique... which is fodder for another post.
Adjust your spam filters accordingly <g>
Jones
