Instant Reply-Relay-Replay: Towards a self-powered LENR Cell...
(revised)
...based on the reliable experimental work in what may be the most
provocative and well-done paper on the entire lenr-canr.org
web-site:
http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MizunoTgeneration.pdf
And please - If anyone can voice valid objections about the
very-important results of this Mizuno experiment - please do so
now (before yours-truly and others - waste any more doggerel on
MacNipper <g> ).
Now --- taking the next logical step, beyond this experiment -
which is assumed to be accurate (and greatly underappreciated by
Vo, it would seem) we can investigate the mult-purpose aim of
moving towards self-power :
1) to provide safe and sequential explosions of the large excess
in hydrogen gas which is created in the cell
2) to provide for the thermoacoustic conversion of that excess
kinetic energy and the excess heat energy created by the cell into
electricity
3) to use that self-generated electricity to power the cell, so
that no external power is used ...
The key concept behind this design proposal is the Sylphon
bellows. Here is a pic of a ruggedized version of what I am
talking about:
http://www.wme-inc.com/images/MiscPhotos/ISO63%20Bellows.jpg
Imagine this resonant oscillating tube, made in Austenitic
stainless steel and with an insulated palladium plated
cathode-stud coming through from the bottom-platen, and the top
platen pushing a large solenoid coil over a fixed magnet such that
the output of the coil is the same 350 volt input used in the
Mizuno paper cited above.
Ok, we are now set with the proper mental image of what this is to
look like - but to backtrack a bit:
As mentioned earlier, low level excess-heat is tricky to
capitalize-on. If it were easy, every new automobile would have an
add-on system attached to the exhaust manifold, since more net
energy escapes in the exhaust than is generated by the engine.
That is why this proposal is based on the new techniques of
thermoacoustics (developed for NASA). If you have ever heard the
roar of an piston engine with the exhaust open (or even "lake
pipes" you can appreciated the power of the kinetic sound wave -
it is deafening). And it can be converted to electricity.
Probably the best way to do this type of conversion, pending the
advent of the efficient "thermal diode" from ENECO or somewhere
else (always just a few years away) - is a thermoacoustic
conversion system, often called the 'acoustic Stirling' or
"reverse loudspeaker'.
This novel sound conversion units can perhaps hit the 25-30%
efficiency level using the Carnot spread of LENR heat, especially
if excess hydrogen gas can be exploded in sync with the enhance
sound output of such a cell. And the best part of this design is
that the electricity generated by the cell can be tailored to be
recycled in the 350 volt and 2 amp range - and integrated back
into the design so that the CF cell becomes self-powered!
But obviously - a noticeable loud sound in NOT a characteristic of
most prior LENR cells, and no one really seems to have realized
that the excess heat can be "encouraged" to also provide high
audible sound levels, in addition to hydrogen oxygen explosions.
In order to "encourage" the conversion of that kind of heat into
sound, one must provide coherent 'periodicity' to a properly
redesigned cell at the pre-planned resonant frequency.
Because of the large amount of electrical devices which operate at
the frequency range of 400-440 hertz, this range will be chosen in
advance for this proposal. Aircraft design is a series of
compromises, since engineers must make tradeoffs to reduce weight
and increase efficiency. The advantage of running an electrical
system at 400+ Hz rather than 60 Hz is that the power supplies are
smaller and lighter. Coincidentally in music, the most widely
accepted convention for syncing of instruments uses the frequency
of 440 hertz - which is "A" below middle C as the standard. This
is the note you hear when the orchestra is tuning up or on a piano
by striking the 40th key from the right (on that baby-grand we all
have). Many humans can detect the purity of this note to within
1%, so that is also a factor in choosing this range for the
experiment.
IOW to provide high audible sound levels, this can be accomplished
by the simple expedient of converting the DC power input power to
a *pulsed DC* in the frequency range of around 440 hertz, which
one has chosen in advance and has used in choosing the tube length
and volume and the tube-wall 'springiness' in order to achieve a
precise resonance mode.
IOW you have designed the cell based on a certain geometry as well
as all other relevant electrical considerations, such that the
sound level at the particular frequency will be a function of heat
content on cycling (not to mention the 'explosiveness' of split
hydrogen, when combined with oxygen.). Mount a high-turn coil
solenoid of the "free-end" of the tube, connect the output with a
440 Hz resonator and relay, and then the pulse internally should
be the same set frequency, using the tube itself as anode, and
all based on the acoustics of the bellows in order to oscillate it
efficiently against its fixed permanent magnet counterpart, and
one is in-business. The pulse output at 350 volts will be
sufficient to ignite the gas in the headspace of the cell, and in
sync and the tube itself. It can be air-cooled but would benefit
from fan-cooling as one does not want excessive internal heat.
The excess heat and the excess amount of electrolysis gas being
formed, just as in the Mizuno experiment, means that self-power is
not only possible in theory but very likely!
The bellows will convert the phonon kinetic energy of that heat
along with the kinetic energy of the expanding explosion directly
from sound into electricity and fairly efficiently - about 5 times
more efficiently than with thermoelectric conversion. The expense
of heavy water is superfluous as this device works with light
water. Nuclear transmutation is seen - but if one has as resource,
a large amount of heavy water, then that should add to the
efficiency.
Of course, one cannot have a delicate system of electrode wire
internally, and most likely improvements to provide enhance LENR
reactions would be using a colloidal of Pd-black (although nickel
or titanium-black could be tried first for cost reasons) and
provide a strong central cathode stub, plated with Pd, coming
through the fixed end of the bellows.
It is clear that the original P&F style cell is contraindicated
for this type of thermoacoustic conversion- BUT - that the
Mizuno/Ohmori plasma type light water cell is much more fitting
to use with thermoacoustics. Here is some detail on that type of
cell with data from another source (Naudin):
http://jlnlabs.imars.com/cfr/html/cfrdatas.htm
Figure 14 of the Mizuno paper shows the current efficiency (ε) and
the ratio of the oxygen gas to the total generation with hydrogen
from the cathode. Here, the (ε)exceeds unity when plasma
electrolysis started; the gas generation increased a great deal as
input voltage rose. It reached 8000% at 350V of input voltage. The
theoretical value of hydrogen generation calculated from the input
current was 1144 cc, and the measurement value during plasma
electrolysis was 2190 cc. That is, the generation of excess
hydrogen during a whole electrolysis run reached 1046 cc. If we
consider only hydrogen generated during plasma conditions, the
measured value was 1470 cc, the theoretical value is 460, and the
excess is 1010 cc.
THIS IS SUFFICIENT TO SELF-POWER A THEMOACOUSTIC LENR CELL, folks
!
It was a mistake for me to cast the original proposal in terms of
a P&F cell operating in the range of few watts. That will not work
as Rothwell and Storms were quick to point out.
Onward and upward... Hey MacNipper (MacBeth's terrier) - this
bellowing-thing may not be all Sound-and-Fury (signifying nothing)
after all ! - but instead it is HMV (Mallove? Tesla? Dirac?)
calling out from another dimension...
Jones
And for you nay-sayers out there in Volanda: get thee to a
(none)ery!
This one will fly! MacNipper guarantees it...
