When C12 is converted to C13 by addition of a neutron, the following
mass change occurs:
12.0000000 + 1.0086649 = 13.0033548, which represent a loss of mass
equal to 0.0053101 AMU. This is equal to 4.95 MeV. The mechanism does
not matter. If C12 is the starting material and C13 is the product,
this much energy MUST be removed.
Of course, the source of the neutron must be taken into account. If
the neutron has to be made from an electron and a proton, as Robin
said, 0.78 MeV must be subtracted from the 4.95 MeV. Again the
mechanism does not matter.
Of course, the possibility of this reaction actually occurring depends
on whether a rational mechanism can be proposed. A considerable amount
of experience shows that such a combination of reactions do not occur
under ordinary conditions. To propose they occur in the Mizuno cell
requires some very unique conditions be identified and then show how
they create a novel mechanism. The hydrino might to the job, but as
Robin noted, the amount of released energy would be huge if
significant C13 were made.
Ed
On Dec 9, 2008, at 8:56 AM, Jones Beene wrote:
Robin,
As I stated before, this is NOT a hot fusion reaction, obviously, so
using the energy pathway, and the full value, from a known hot
fusion reaction is simply not called for. In fact it can be most
misleading, and it is most misleading here.
The same would be true for those LENR reactions (not all) where the
transmutation products indicate far more energy should has been shed
than was seen in actuality.
Ed Storms raised this point and it should be mentioned that he has
specialized in reactions where the energy balance from helium ash
does resemble hot fusion, even if the timing and other indicia are
different, but there are many kinds of LENR where this is not the
case involving different kinds of ash and transmutation.
The above statement is true, even if Horace has a better model for
this Mizuno reaction - and you can make your own determination of
that.
In the future it might be expedient to borrow some of his logic in
any iimproved model - but for now, from my POV the ZPE/Casimir
extradimensional pathway is the one which I find more explicative of
what is going on and this mostly relates to the fluorescense, and a
few other details.
From a logical standpoint: if the starting point was carbon 12 and
the ending point is 13C there is a large mass difference in the two,
which without knowing more, indicates a massive endothermic
change ... NOT an exotherm at all. So at best Ed is completely
mistaken in looking for an explanation of large exotherm.
Most of any exotherm, had it been coming hot fusion, we can suppose
comes from a proton plus whatever happens to it beforehand (i.e. a
proton plus what has transpired to convert it into a
'transmuton') ... This is the critical logic!
The neutron cross-section for 12 C is almost non-existent so
DEFINITELY there is no real neutron involved, in any way. What I am
labeling as a "transmuton" is capable of doing what a neutron cannot
do, and it may resemble Horace's deflated species or not.
ERGO = there is a certain amount of mass, when we consider the 12C +
H and the 13C as separate entities - which may seem to have
disappeared in 3-space, BUT ... this does not in any way indicate
that the mass-energy should be in the reaction itself if we are
basing everything - as I was - on a ZPE transformative process.
This reaction happens at the interface of 3-space and 4-space where
everything is waves, the particle duality has ceased to exist,
linear time is not relevant, and energy can be borrowed in advance.
In the end, the net energy balance in no way resembles the expected
reaction for hot fusion... don't know how many ways I need to say
it, but this is not hot fusion anymore than most LENR.
Since low energy reactions do not resemble hot fusion in some way:
the ways that they differ can vary also, and may include the "phonon
cascade" or other differences in energy release. You simply cannot
say "my LENR reaction differs only in the way the energy is
released, therfore yours must differ in the same way." There is no
logic there.
How can anyone, especially those that haunt this particular forum,
where the emphasis is on LENR or many types which are seen in the
literature - possibly expect this unique Mizuno reaction to resemble
prior hot fusion in any specific way? ... or for that matter, their
own version of cold fusion?
Hey, that is why we give this niche its own general name - LENR! and
it is not limited to D+D-->He anymore than hot fusion is limited to
a specific reaction !
Hope that helps ...
Jones
----- Original Message ----
The energy required to make
1 neutron is 0.782 MeV. The energy output from adding that neutron
to C12 and
getting C13 is 4.95 MeV. That still leaves 4.16 MeV.
In short only 16% of the energy is needed to make the neutron.
