Axil,
I agree both forms of Rydberg matter could be involved in this
anomaly but IMHO they both derive from normal hydrogen. When you stated [snip]
D(-1) is the excited state of D(1) where protons and electrons chance places
when sufficient kinetic energy is added to the D(1) species to form
D(-1).[/snip] it seems like you are saying we must have Rydberg matter first to
create IRM, D(1) --> D(-1). I am convinced that suppressing energy density via
Casimir geometry isn't a freebie... to get that low energy density leading to
IRH concentrated inside a cavity you must have a much larger but diluted field
outside the cavity that exactly balances the lower energy density inside. That
is too say the Casimir effect is actually a segregation of energy density that
balances to zero. The larger area outside the cavity would lend itself well to
Rydberg hydrogen while obviously the confinement inside the cavity lends itself
better to IRH. As I have posited in previous threads, this would also lend
support to claims of variations in decay rates in different radioactive gases
when loaded into lattices where LARGE accelerations of decay rate would
correspond to gas that resides longer on average in the cavity geometry while
SMALL delays in decay rate would be due to gas that resides longer outside the
cavity. So D(1) or D(-1) is really just a matter of location - whether the gas
is inside the cavity or outside the cavity. For that matter, If Naudts is
correct than hydrogen remains locally unchanged and it is only the change in
vacuum energy density that is giving these atoms an equivalent acceleration on
a relativistic scale that results in what we perceive as Rydberg and Inverse
Rydberg matter.
I would also still allow for an alternate solution to melting Pd and Zr [snip]
In these experiments, the grains of pynco-deuterium powder show complete
melting in micrographs by the extreme heat of a nuclear reaction even though
the powder is made of mixture of palladium and zirconium oxide each with a very
high melting point. [/snip]. I know oxygen must be excluded in this research
but recall that much of the heat discovered in the Atomic Hydrogen Welder
[which can even melt W] is not from normal combustion but rather re-association
of hydrogen broken by an arc gap between tungsten rods. The lattice, changes in
geometry [defects] and heat perform this same function of disassociating
hydrogen to the point where Rayney nickel is even pyrophoric if steps are not
taken to keep it wet. My point is that there may still be a "phoric" without
the "pyro" as the geometry gets smaller and more active...maybe call it
"plasmaphoric"? where you simply have a runaway plasma shooting between these
regions of Rydberg h1><h2 oscillating back and forth between bond states
proportional to the change rate of suppression. It would keep getting faster
and hotter in the areas of maximum confinement until the metals turn plastic
and stiction forces grow shorts across the active geometry.
Fran
From: Axil Axil [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Monday, November 07, 2011 2:44 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: EXTERNAL: Re: [Vo]:Inverted Rydberg Matter
There is a very good chance that both the non-inverted Rydberg matter
abbreviated as D(1) and the inverted Rydberg matter abbreviated as D(-1) are
both coherent assemblages of around 100 atoms more or less and that the
entanglement an coherence of these assemblages are determinative in the way
both the D(1) and the D(-1) species behave in the Rossi process.
D(-1) is the excited state of D(1) where protons and electrons chance places
when sufficient kinetic energy is added to the D(1) species to form D(-1).
The structure of these assemblages is like a stack of pancakes of 20 or so of
hexagonal flattened atomic structures where the quantum mechanical states of
all electrons in D(1) and protons in D(-1) are identical, synchronized and
entangled.
In effect, the Rydberg matter of all 100 or so atoms behave as if the entire
assemblage was a single large atom defined by a single QM wave form.
It may be that IRM that is comprised of the deuterium hydrogen isotope will
produce nuclear reactions as seen in the experiments with "pynco" deuterium by
Yoshiaki ARATA & Yue C. ZHANG.
In these experiments, the grains of pynco-deuterium powder show complete
melting in micrographs by the extreme heat of a nuclear reaction even though
the powder is made of mixture of palladium and zirconium oxide each with a very
high melting point.
On the other hand, the nickel powder that supports Rossi's reaction has a very
low melting point which is lowered further by a covering on each grain of
nano-dimensional fibers of polycrystalline nickel.
This powder is purported to survive for months of continual use even though the
nickel undergoes transmutation to copper is high percentages. This speaks
against the source of heat being nuclear fission or fusion as we commonly
understand these processes.
The fermionic condensate formed by fermionic particles: namely protons in the
Rossi D(-1) must transfer heat from a quantum mechanical mechanism other than
fission or fusion because of the low temperature nature of that heat source.
The heat of the Rossi reaction must be from an as yet unknown quantum
process(es) in the lattice defects where the D(-1) some how picks up energy and
continually transfers it to the surrounding lattice when the proper lattice
excitation temperature is reached.
Copper transmutation in the micro-powder may be a side reaction caused by
proton tunneling expelled from the D(-1) as hydrogen is continually recycled
and replenished into the defect structures in and around the nano-fibers.
The quantum blockade of the fermionic condensate in the defects must reduce the
gamma emissions of the copper formation process into the x-ray radiation range
and speed up or eliminate nuclear product decay processes formed by proton
absorption in nickel.
On Sun, Nov 6, 2011 at 4:26 PM, Jeff Driscoll
<[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
Regarding ultra dense deuterium, George Miley and Leif Holmlid:
In Rydberg matter:
- the electrons and protons are inverted in terms of a metal (though
not clear what this means)
- the distance between nuclei in the planar Rydberg matter made from
deuterium is on the order of 150 picometers. This is the non-inverted
Rydberg matter termed D(1) by Holmlid.
- there is a planar nature to the outer electron orbits
But I can't figure out how they calculate the 2.3 picometer spacing
distance in the D(-1) inverted Rydberg matter.
Apparently they irradiate the surface with just enough energy to
create deuterium atoms that have a kinetic energy of 630 eV. Then
they conclude that the deuterium spacing of the inverted Rydberg
matter D(-1) being irradiated is 2.3 picometers.
They also create either protons or neutrons with kinetic energies of
1.8 MeV which has to be nuclear in origin - though I suppose it's
possible there is some sort of Mills hydrino process that can lead to
some nuclear process.
I have a website that describes Mills's theory. It can be seen here
www.zhydrogen.com<http://www.zhydrogen.com/>
===========================================
>From Holmlid's website:
My main research interest is Rydberg Matter, which is a state of
matter of the same status as liquid or solid, since it can be formed
by a large number of atoms and small molecules. For a more complete
description, see Wikipedia.
The lowest state of Rydberg Matter in excitation state n = 1 can only
be formed from hydrogen (protium and deuterium) atoms and is
designated H(1) or D(1). This is dense or metallic hydrogen, which we
have studied for a few years. The bond distance is 153 pm, or 2.9
times the Bohr radius. It is a quantum fluid, with a density of
approximately 0.6 kg / dm3. See for example Ref. 167 below!
A much denser state exists for deuterium, named D(-1). We call it
ultra-dense deuterium. This is the inverse of D(1), and the bond
distance is very small, equal to 2.3 pm. Its density is extremely
large, >130 kg / cm3, if it can exist as a dense phase. Due to the
short bond distance, D-D fusion is expected to take place easily in
this material. See Refs. 179 and 183 below and Wikipedia! See also a
press release and listen to a radio interview in Swedish (10.50 min
into the program).
==============================================
here is one paper:
http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/244/3/032036/pdf/1742-6596_244_3_032036
also:
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=7807228&jid=LPB&volumeId=28&issueId=02&aid=7807226
Holmlid writes:
Further studies of the dense hydrogen materials have shown that an
even denser material exists, called ultra-dense
deuterium or D(-1) (Badiei et al., 2009a, 2009b). The bond distance is
2.3 pm, which is found directly from the experiments,
corresponding to a density of 8 x 10^28 cm^3. The possible use of this
material as a target material in ICF was
recently discussed further (Holmlid et al., 2009; Andersson & Holmlid,
2009). This material is proposed to be an
inverted metal relative to D(1) (thus the -1), where the electrons and
ions have exchanged their roles relative to an ordinary
metal (Ashcroft, 2005; Militzer & Graham, 2006).
=================================================
Also:
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/STAFF/VISITING_FELLOWS&PROFESSORS/pdf/MileyClusterRydbLPBsing.pdf
While these clusters were measured in metals at the interface against
covering oxides (Lipson et al 2005), the generation of these
states within the whole volume of a metal (palladium, lithium
etc.) at crystal defects, Fig. 1, (Miley et al 2007, 2008) is
important. For surface states on metal oxides, the measurement of the
ultra
high ion densities of 10^29 cm^3 was directly evident from the ion
and neutral emission by laser probing. These surface states were
produced involving catalytic
techniques (Badiei et al 2009). The distance d between the deuterons
was measured to be d = 2.3 ±.1 pm (1)
compared with the theoretical value of 2.5 pm derived from the
properties of inverted Rydberg
matter. The energy release of the deuterons from the surface layer was
measured as 630±30 eV.
The difference between protons and deuterons was directly observed and
the deuteron state
called D(-1) is well indicating the bosonic property against the
fermionic protons.
The material used in the experiments (Badiei et al 2009) as a catalyst
for producing the ultradense
deuterium is a highly porous iron oxide material similar to Fe2O3
doped with K, Ca and
other atoms. Thus, the number of defects or adsorption sites is very
high relative to a metal and
the open pore volume in the material is large, of course varying with
the method used to measure
it. Initially the D(1) phase is formed in the pores, and it is then
inverted to the
ultra-dense deuterium D(-1). When probing the porous surface with the
grazing incidence laser
beam, fragments of the D(1) and D(-1) materials are removed from the
sample surface.
Rydberg Matter is a long-lived form of matter, and the lowest possible
excitation level
D(1) or H(1) exists more or less permanently in the experiments
(Badiei et al 2009). The clusters
are not formed transiently. There is no indication that the phase
D(-1) is not formed almost
permanently. In the experiments both forms D(1) and D(-1) were
observed simultaneously. The
experiments indicate that the material changes rapidly with almost no
energy difference states
D(1) and D(-1).
