There are two basic processes going on in cold fusion when it is working properly: one(1) is charge accumulation that shields the coulomb barrier of atoms, and two(2), the other is quantum mechanical entanglement of protons from ionized hydrogen atoms that thermalize the radiation produced by fusion.
It is possible for one(1) to be active when two(2) is not. This is true in the LeClair cavatation system where much of the energy produced by the reaction comes off as Gamma radiation. The LeClair system is very cold and does not have cracks which will produce entangled protons. Early on, Rossi had trouble with his 100 gram reactor when it was starting up and shutting down because it was too cold during those times. Dr. Kim explains the nuclear energy side of this entanglement mechanism in this paper: http://www.physics.purdue.edu/people/faculty/yekim/BECNF-Ni-Hydrogen.pdf Kim shows how cold fusion of a cooper pair of protons (two protons stuck together) will produce certain types of nuclear reactions. In more detail in the old Rossi reactor design, at startup, a large amount of gamma radiation appears before proton entanglement has established itself since the temperature of the nickel has not gotten to the relatively low Curie temperature (nickel has the Curie temperature of 631 K (~358 C)). Formation of the proton condensate is sensitive to the magnetic nature of nickel. When nickel is ferromagnetic it won’t let the protons form and join the proton assemblages. In such a collection of identical and entangled protons, all the protons in the collection share in the nuclear energy that any given member is exposed to. Nickel must first be made paramagnetic by heat so that the protons can join the superconductive proton assemblage. This entanglement process makes the heat output conversion of the cold fusion reaction possible. Rossi fixed this problem when he added a secondary heater to his old design to preheat the reactor structure before the Ni-H reaction begins. The coherent and entangle wave forms of these many protons that comprise the proton condensate will all work in concert through a quantum mechanical wave based summation process to form a combined, entangled and coherent single de-Broglie wave form. The whole proton condensate then participates in nuclear fusion. But the proton condensate can be spread out in the nickel lattice and also in the hydrogen envelope and even inside the walls of the reaction vessel. Because of its very large coherent de-Broglie wave form, the effective quantum mechanical range at which this condensate operates may be very large, being spread out anywhere up to hundreds of nano-meters which always include the proton pair that has participated in the fusion reaction. It seems to me that when copper or tungsten is used as the lattice material, the cold temperature problem in the lattice with regard to gamma production is not as pronounced because of the paramagnetic nature of these metals. Superconductivity and ferromagnetism just do not go well together. To address Francis points, it is at or beyond the cutting edge of condensed matter physics to determine how the protons behave in the way they do in the lattice of a transition metal. But the research of Piantelli has shown that 6 MeV protons are coming out of the nickel after these bars are immediately removed from the Piantelli reactor. This is a solid indicator to me that double proton fusion is occurring in the nickel lattice. When these bars are removed from the reactor they cool rapidly. This rapid cooling of these bars takes their temperature quickly below the Curie temperature of nickel. The energy of the cold fusion reaction is no longer being thermalized by entanglement of the protons, so all 6 MeV of the reaction is being produced by the nuclear relaxation process of the excited nucleus. Please realize that cold fusion using carbon based SWNT is new. It is unlike what Rossi originally started out with. And we can only suspect that he is now using carbon based SWNT from what we see in the NASA patents (this comes from the assumption that the Navy and NASA talk among themselves). When SWNT are used, we do not know where the fusion is occurring, inside the tubes or in the nickel lattice or both. Because we are going into the unknown experimentally, be careful and check for gamma radiation at all times. Don’t be caught unawares as LeClair was and spend any time in a hospital. Cheers: Axil On Mon, Jun 25, 2012 at 6:28 AM, Jojo Jaro <[email protected]> wrote: > ** > Axil, > > In you proposed theory of Charge Accumulation on 1 dimensional SWNTs, you > propose screening of Coulomb barrier that will result in fusion of H+ with > H+ or Ni with H+. > > In both of these cases, I believe gammas will be produced in abundance. > Ed Storms' cracks will shield gammas because the reaction is way deep in > the crevice of the crack. However if SWNT are the NAE, the fusion will be > out in the open where the walls will not shield or thermalize the radiation. > > In you proposed theory, how is radiation being shielded or should we > expect copious amounts of hard gammas with SWNT NAE? > > > Jojo > > > >
