The New Normal: A spatial paradigm which goes well beyond LENR. A few days ago, an effort was made to verbalize a strange and possibly Universal phenomenon which is associated not only with LENR but other energy anomalies. It relates to thermal gain in a way that seems to violate the Laws of Thermodynamics, but in a modest way. It could function as a predecessor stage for larger gain.
The prior thread was a poorly worded verbalization by me, the first time around, and it was misinterpreted as suggesting that was some kind of imposed limitation on the future possibilities of the broader field, especially when nuclear effects come into play ... and that was not the intended point - so here is another effort. In the history of alternative energy, going back long before LENR there has been strong indication, including good documentation of this low-gain regime; and in this regime, when outside power - heat or electricity is applied to specialty materials, slightly more heat comes out than went in. This is easy to pass off as a catalytic effect which normally does not involve asymmetric gain, except that gain is persistent. Most of the materials in question have high magnetic susceptibility - and importantly, the process often involves nanometer geometry in those materials. Twenty years ago when a top level R&D contractor got involved - and because the gain was low and it did not scale, a few skeptics claimed "measurement error" ... but that objection was quickly debunked - and the gain was seen to be rock-solid ... but low. The most well documented case was a year-long experiment done by Thermacore for the Air Force at Wright-Patterson, with two replications by NASA (the Gernert paper has some of this information, as well as the Niedra paper from NASA). In an electrolytic study and a gas-phase experiment, the anomalous thermal gain was in the range of COP=1.3.-1.5 and the gain continued for ~8000 continuous hours. Moreover, a number of other experiments outside of LENR have shown thermal gain using pulsed power input in the same range of COP ~1.3.-1.5 in magnetic cores or inductive resistors. There could be, and likely is a cross-connection between all of these slight-gain results. In addition, the gain seen when batteries are a necessary part of a circuit (Floyd Sweet, Bedini, etc) are probably in the same category, and this can help to explain what is happening. In short - it is relativistic electrons. "Relativity and the lead-acid battery" by Ahuja, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. v.106, p.018301 (2011) is a most important paper for understanding the "new normal". http://physics.aps.org/story/v27/st2 The most profound implication of the new normal is that CoE - conservation of energy - needs to be redefined since it is clear that there is available in nature, a dynamic version of the Casimir effect (DCE) which can raise chemical energy to slightly higher levels. Thus we must raise the bar, so to speak, and define a new normal for baseline chemical COP, and preserve CoE at the higher level. None of the above implies that other researchers may not have seen higher level COP gain (much higher) in experiments where something else can happen, in addition - and a few researchers claim to have even seen true self-power (for minutes, up to 8 hours in a few cases). However, there are NO reliable high-gain or self-power experiments which last for days, much less weeks or months - in the tens of watts and up power range. In contrast the evidence for the low gain regime - over long periods is insurmountable; and the two regimes should not be confused, as they are not the same. This indicates that there is likely to be an independent baseline regime in which nano-geometry plays a major role, which is independent of higher gain "enhancements", and that this is a new paradigm for alternative energy extraction. The key features seem to be: 1) Low level but persistent gain which is higher than chemical energy but does have limitations 2) Dependence on steady power-in from another source (it is an amplification effect) 3) No gamma radiation 4) Resistance to scale up (more is NOT better) and unusual spatial limitations on net gain 5) Lots of "noise" (electrical noise) even with DC as the source of heat More later... including: one important unexplored implication. Jones
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