Post 5 At the very end of all the resonance amplification chains that we have so far described lays exposed the smoking gun at the very heart of the LENR reaction. This LENR end game is just as exponentially fruitful and maybe even more so as all the many resonances that have set up this final step.
It is my long held belief that charge separation is the fundamental cause of the LENR reaction. All the many resonance mechanisms described so far are directed solely toward accumulating highly focused charge separation between the NAE walls and the hydrogen filled dielectric void between them. The nano-voids are filled with hydrogen and a large accumulation of electrons some coherent in a condensate at ground state and some highly energetic in an artificial atom of a quantum dot topology. These nano-voids preform two quantum functions simultaneously; they hold a mirrored electron condensate at the ground state; where the associated ions in the walls of these voids form a mirrored condensate. Now at the same time, once free high energy electrons are trapped in an artificial atom within the nano-voids. Either has the Bose-Einstein Plexciton Condensation has not ended at the level of the individual cavity. The thermally stabilizing bath of the hydrogen envelope will synchronize all the nano-cavities that the hydrogen touches into a state of group condensation at the ground level. All this preliminary pre-configuration of the NAE under the influence of the aforedescribed resonances sets the stage for the atomic leveled conditions that make certain the nuclear reactions within the filamentary nickel walls of the NAE. Here is how this improbable and almost universally doubted event goes down… when two micro-particles grow near and touch, they act as a high voltage capacitor like circuit where the highly amplified negative charge on all the micro-particles is concentrated right at the contact points. The larger that the voltage of the negative charge is, the greater is the EMF enhancement factor that can be achieved. These points of contact are enclosed within a dielectric hydrogen filled volume of under a nanometer. These particles are all highly negatively charged in absolute terms, but if there is a relative charge difference between them as surely there must be, charge separation will occur between the void and the walls of the void. Nanowires on the micro-particles keep the bulk of micro-particles from actually touching. These wires interconnect and intertwine to form the voids where electrons and ions will concentrate. The dipole charges of all the electrons/ion pairs that are generated by the incident infrared radiation present in a hot LENR reactor will concentrate at these contact points between the particles within the network of entangled and enmeshed nanowires. In this nano-dimensioned environment, atomic processes come to dominate. The far field charge effects on these dipoles are canceled by destructive Fano resonance and the constructive dipole Fano resonance amplifies the near field effect. This atomic level resonance leads to an additional huge enhancement in charge separation effects of hundreds of times in the small hydrogen filled volume that manifests at the contact point between the particles. The baseline level of charge separation effects was indeed large to begin with, but now the capacitive nature of the micro-particles has intensified it beyond all imagining. All this prodigious charge separation so far accumulated is focused in a volume with dimensions of less than a nanometer. This EMF enhancement has already been amplified by orders of magnitude by the other resonance mechanisms so far described. More atomic level exponential topological amplification is now applied. In the case of Rossi type micro-particles, there are nanowires projecting out of the surface of these micron sized particles. When piled together, the micro- particles touch each other on multiple sides. These points of contact form a zone of dipole charge concentration amplified to a huge extent. This is where the NAE is born. This point of dipole charge separation between the nanowires at the contact points between the micro-particles and is where the nuclear active sites are created. Nuclear transmutation and energy production on the atomic level occurs on and within the walls of these nanowires. Cheers: Axil On Tue, Feb 26, 2013 at 2:47 AM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > The large concentrations of energetic electrons in the NAE will drive the > hydrogen ion and the positive nickel core of the atoms in the walls of the > NAE together under the influence of the Shukla & Eliasson effect. > > > This condition can be briefly summarized conceptually as a nano-scale > patch of quantum mechanically entangled strongly-correlated subsystems of > oppositely charged particles that are mutually coupled to each other via > the electromagnetic fields of the dipoles and to ‘underlying’ substrate > subsystem in the walls of the NAE; these charged Cooper pairs like > collections of electrons and ions form a two item matched subsystem that > could be viewed as ‘mirror’ quantum condensate. > > Caused by the Shukla & Eliasson effect, the resultant attractive force > between positively-charged ions would help facilitate formation of > proton/ion Cooper pairing: while it is not terribly difficult to imagine > creation of Cooper pairs of entangled electrons in an confined electron > subsystem, the issue of comparable pairing for protons/ions is somewhat > unfamiliar - more problematic. > > But because the Plexcitons are bosons (particles with integer spin) above > a critical density to temperature ratio may macroscopically populate the > ground state of a system, in an effect known as Bose-Einstein Condensation > (BEC). Under the coherent influence of the infrared background supported by > both the hydrogen envelope and the lattices of the micro-particles, the > Plexcitons population will settle into a common state which results in > condensation. > > Surface plasmon polaritons in a periodic array of metallic nanorods couple > strongly to excitons in a steady-temperature hydrogen envelop acting as a > heat bath, and bosonic quasiparticles known as plexcitons are formed. By > increasing the plexciton density through optical thermal pumping, the > thermalisation and ground state accumulation of the plexcitons in the > angular spectrum and in real-space will result. > > Jointly, polarization build-up of the emission takes place. A new state of > light-matter emerges upon plexciton condensation, and a coherent thermal > radiation field emanates from this quantum phase transition. Plexciton > condensates are the warmest and least massive of any condensate yet > reported which is well beyond the melting point of most metals > > The resonant count continues to increase. It now stands at 14 and we are > not done yet. Added to the resonance list is Plexciton condensation and ion > cooper pairing in the walls of the NAE. > > > > Cheers: axil > > On Mon, Feb 25, 2013 at 11:43 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > >> Post 3 >> >> The design priority for the LENR+ developer of the micro-particle based >> LENR+ system is to pack as many electrons into the volume of the reactor as >> is conceivably possible. >> >> The best way that this objective can be met is by using the photoelectric >> production of electrons to its best effect. >> >> Photo-electrically active additives can be added to the hydrogen envelope >> to produce electrons from the radiation that the NAE on the surface of the >> micro-particles generate. >> >> In the photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted from electropositive >> matter (metals, compounds, non-metallic solids, vapors or gases) as a >> consequence of their absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation of >> very short wavelengths and high frequency, such as ultraviolet, x-ray, and >> gamma radiation. >> >> Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons. >> >> These additives generally have a low work function to favor the >> production of electrons. >> >> The energy of the emitted photoelectrons does not depend on the intensity >> of the incoming light, but only on the energy or frequency of the >> individual photons. It is an interaction between the incident photon and >> the outermost electron of the electron emitting elements. >> >> The activity of these electron emitting elements is greatly enhanced if >> they form multi-atom clusters in which ion explosion can occur. >> >> Radio frequency stimulation activates this cluster formation process. >> Being a coherent source of radiation, the RF cools the photoactive elements >> into cluster formation. >> >> Such clusters provide great high energy stopping power in which inner >> electrons of the cluster are displaced from the ion core of the cluster and >> moved to the loosely coupled electron cloud orbiting the outer boundaries >> of the cluster >> >> The more a cluster is ionized, the easier it gets for x-ray photons to >> further ionize additional electrons in that cluster. >> >> Energy levels in bulk materials are significantly different from >> materials in the nanoscale. Let’s, put it this way: Adding energy to a >> confined system such as a cluster is like putting a tiger in a cage. A >> tiger in a big zoo with open fields will act more relaxed, because he has a >> lot of room to wander around. If you now confine him in smaller and smaller >> areas, he gets nervous and agitated. It's a lot that way with electrons. If >> they're free to move all around through a metal, they have low energy. Put >> them together in a cluster and beam x-rays on them, they get very excited >> and try to get out of the structure. >> >> In getting to the breaking point, when the ionized cluster eventually >> reaches an ionization limit where the remaining electrons cannot sustain >> the structural integrity of the cluster any longer, an explosive >> disintegration of the cluster and subsequent plasma expansion of the >> positive ions and electrons which once formed the cluster occurs. >> >> Multi-electron ionization of molecules and clusters can be realized by >> photoionization of strong x-ray photons. >> >> The multi-electron ionization leads to an explosive disintegration of the >> cluster together with the production of multi-charged atomic ion fragments. >> >> This photoelectric positive feedback process produces large numbers of >> high energy electrons injected into the hydrogen envelope that surrounds >> the micro-powder that is producing the x-rays. >> >> What causes this accelerating weakening of the structure under the >> onslaught of x-ray photons radiation is “barrier suppression ionization”. >> >> The initial arrival of x-ray photons begin the formation of plasma that >> is localized within the cluster itself. >> >> The electrons initially dislodged by the x-ray photons orbit around the >> outside of the cluster. These electrons lower the coulomb barrier holding >> the electrons that remain orbiting the cluster’s inner atoms. These >> remaining electrons reside in the inner orbits closer in to the nuclei of >> their atoms. >> >> Excess electric negative charge in the gas carrying the clusters will >> also add to the suppression of the coulomb barrier further supporting >> cascading cluster ionization. >> >> The LENR+ designer must use every trick in the book to pack as many >> electrons in the hydrogen envelope as he possibly can. >> >> When enough electrons are removed, the structure of the cluster cannot >> sustain itself any longer and the cluster explodes. >> >> In order to take advantage of the energy produced by “barrier suppression >> ionization”, the designers of the LENR+ reaction must satisfy two main >> engineering goals: first, large photoactive clusters must be formulated, >> and two, copious amounts of high energy x-ray photons must be produced. >> >> The negative charge that this additional ionization supports reduces the >> tunneling losses suffered by the electrons confined inside the NAE volumes >> thus allowing this confined negative charge to increase. >> >> The more equalized negative charge on either side of the walls of the NAE >> will tend to keep electrons inside the NAE. >> >> In addition as an added bonus, these all pervasive high energy electrons >> will form a collection of fermion particles that collect into artificial >> atoms in the NAE volumes with will provide a first line gamma ray frequency >> down shifting when these electrons also absorb high energy photons from the >> nearby LENR reactions. >> >> I am saying that two kinds of electrons accumulate in the cavities of the >> NAE: fermions and bosons. These particle types are defined by the origin of >> where these electrons are created, either from dipoles or from >> photoelectrons. >> >> An added advantage to x-ray to electron photoelectric conversion is the >> reduction of the high energy radiation loading generated by the reactor. >> Because we now have all these high energy electrons in the hydrogen >> envelope and within the NAE, we can now take advantage of the Compton >> Effect. >> >> When a beam of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation passes through a >> material or a volume containing free electrons, an interaction takes place >> between the incident photons and the free electrons. In this interaction, >> inelastic photon-electron scattering, energy and momentum are transferred >> from the photons in the incident beam to the electrons. X-ray and gamma-ray >> energies are rather large compared to the binding energies of the electron >> gas that permeate the volume of the reactor, such that these electrons can >> be treated as essentially free. As a result of energy transfer to the >> electrons in the absorbing material (hydrogen), both intensity and energy >> of the high energy EMF beam from the NAE is reduced. >> >> The resonant count continues to increase. It now stands at 12 and we are >> not done yet. Added to the resonance list is as follows: >> >> Photoelectric conversions of x-rays to high electrons. >> >> Increase negative charge suppressing electron tunneling of electrons out >> of the NAE cavities. >> >> RF creation of photoactive clusters with high x-ray stopping power, high >> energy electron production through kinetic energy transfer. >> >> Electron energy and quantity gain using “barrier suppression ionization” >> during cluster based photoelectric ionization. >> >> Formation of artificial atoms within the NAE volume which down shifts >> gamma radiation. >> >> >> Cheers: Axil >> >> On Mon, Feb 25, 2013 at 5:59 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: >> >>> Post 2 (corrected) >>> >>> Micro-particles provide another means for the amplification of the LENR >>> effect through resonances. >>> >>> In a bulk material, there are hot spots and thermally dead areas in the >>> lattice that result in an uneven distribution of heat and associated phonon >>> choppiness. Breaking up the lattice into equal size pieces mitigates this >>> issue. >>> >>> In addition, micro-particles provide a regular structure that can ring >>> like a bell when the proper resonance EMF frequency is applied to them. >>> >>> The large number of micro-particles provides a large surface area >>> multiplication factor which greatly increases the surface area on which the >>> LENR reaction can take place >>> >>> Just like crystal glass broken by an opera singer, the micro-particle >>> will respond with pronounced resonant gain when it feels the proper EMF >>> frequency applied to it. >>> >>> This EMF is heat or infrared black body radiation. There is a specific >>> black body infrared frequency that each micro-particle will respond to when >>> it is exposed to it. >>> >>> The response of the particle will be relatively week if the frequency is >>> above or below the resonant frequency. >>> >>> The resonant frequency provides a set point temperature that is >>> proportional to the size of the micro-particle. >>> >>> The applied EMF will give the vibrations inside the particle ever >>> increasing constructive gain that can achieve a very high phonon intensity >>> limit. >>> >>> The micro-particle system will tend to settle on the resonant >>> temperature because when the temperature is high the temperature of the >>> system will drop until the system hits the resonant frequency. >>> >>> The system will fail to startup if the resonant temperature is not >>> reached or exceeded. >>> >>> The micro-particle system will be the most productive when a large >>> fraction of the particles are the same size. I consider this behavior as >>> another resonant mechanism that amplifies electron photoelectric production. >>> >>> To make the system start up more easily, however, as a compromise to >>> practicality, some deviation from the particle sizing rule should be >>> allowed. The larger particles size distribution arrays will gradually >>> ratchet up the startup temperature in steps proportional to the sizes of >>> the startup particles until the temperature of the system corresponds to >>> the set point temperature. >>> >>> The set point temperature provides the minimum size that the >>> micro-particle should be configured to. This disciplined particle sizing >>> practice will avoid runaway burn up. >>> >>> A small sized particle will result in a higher set point temperature. A >>> large particle will produce a lower temperature. >>> >>> Photoelectric resonance. >>> >>> When the temperature of the particle is optimum, the phonon vibrations >>> will couple to the electron gas most strongly. >>> >>> The key to LENR is to get that electron gas as dense as possible to >>> support coulomb screening through charge screening. This is another example >>> of how resonance supports the LENR+ intensity difference over the random >>> LENR process. >>> >>> Resonance count in the micro-particle based LENR reaction is up to seven >>> with the addition of micro-particle usage, lattice surface area increase, >>> equal particle sizing, blackbody temperature resonance, and optimum >>> photoelectric/EMF coupling. >>> >>> I will next cover how a positive feedback loop with the clusters in the >>> hydrogen envelope will increase the electron gas density. >>> >>> >>> Cheers: axil >>> On Mon, Feb 25, 2013 at 5:49 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: >>> >>>> Post 2 >>>> >>>> Micro-particles provide another means for the amplification of the LENR >>>> effect through resonances. >>>> >>>> In a bulk material, there are hot spots and thermally dead areas in the >>>> lattice that result in an uneven distribution of heat and associated phonon >>>> choppiness. Breaking up the lattice into equal size pieces mitigates this >>>> issue. >>>> >>>> In addition, micro-particles provide a regular structure that can ring >>>> like a bell when the proper resonance EMF frequency is applied to them. >>>> >>>> Just like crystal glass broken by an opera singer, the micro-particle >>>> will respond with pronounced resonant gain when it feels the proper EMF >>>> frequency applied to it. >>>> >>>> This EMF is heat or infrared black body radiation. There is a specific >>>> black body infrared frequency that each micro-particle will respond to when >>>> it is exposed to it. >>>> >>>> The response of the particle will be relatively week if the frequency >>>> is above or below the resonant frequency. >>>> >>>> The resonant frequency provides a set point temperature that is >>>> proportional to the size of the micro-particle. >>>> >>>> The applied EMF will give the vibrations inside the particle ever >>>> increasing constructive gain that can achieve a very high phonon intensity >>>> limit. >>>> >>>> The micro-particle system will tend to settle on the resonant >>>> temperature because when the temperature is high the temperature of the >>>> system will drop until the system hits the resonant frequency. >>>> >>>> The system will fail to startup if the resonant temperature is not >>>> reached or exceeded. >>>> >>>> The micro-particle system will be the most productive when a large >>>> fraction of the particles are the same size. I consider this behavior as >>>> another resonant mechanism that amplifies electron photoelectric >>>> production. >>>> >>>> To make the system start up more easily, however, as a compromise to >>>> practicality, some deviation from the particle sizing rule should be >>>> allowed. The larger particles size distribution arrays will gradually >>>> ratchet up the startup temperature in steps proportional to the sizes of >>>> the startup particles until the temperature of the system corresponds to >>>> the set point temperature. >>>> >>>> The set point temperature provides the minimum size that the >>>> micro-particle should be configured to. This disciplined particle sizing >>>> practice will avoid runaway burn up. >>>> >>>> A small sized particle will result in a higher set point temperature. A >>>> large particle will produce a lower temperature. >>>> >>>> Photoelectric resonance. >>>> >>>> When the temperature of the particle is optimum, the phonon vibrations >>>> will couple to the electron gas most strongly. >>>> >>>> The key to LENR is to get that electron gas as dense as possible to >>>> support coulomb screening through charge screening. This is another example >>>> of how resonance supports the LENR+ intensity difference over the random >>>> LENR process. >>>> >>>> Resonance count in the micro-particle based LENR reaction is up to six >>>> with the addition of particle usage, equal particle sizing, blackbody >>>> temperature resonance, and optimum photoelectric/EMF coupling. >>>> >>>> I will next cover how a positive feedback loop with the clusters in the >>>> hydrogen envelope will increase the electron gas density. >>>> >>>> >>>> Cheers: axil >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> On Mon, Feb 25, 2013 at 4:20 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: >>>> >>>>> Post 1 >>>>> >>>>> The key to understanding how to control the Rosssi type Ni/H reaction >>>>> is to grasp how heat, radiation and electrons affect each other in the >>>>> lattice and in the surrounding gas envelope and how to control this >>>>> interaction. There is a half dozen reinforcing processes that increase >>>>> both >>>>> heat and electron density on the surface of the lattice. >>>>> >>>>> This description of the LENR reaction assumes that the Plexciton is >>>>> the lattice structure that is the active agent of Micro-particle LENR. >>>>> >>>>> Defining terms and laying out the basics of the LENR reaction: >>>>> >>>>> Heat interacts with the lattice at the sites of lattice imperfections >>>>> to activate NAE. This is the exciton: a bound state of an electron and >>>>> hole >>>>> which are attracted to each other by the electrostatic Coulomb force. It >>>>> is >>>>> an electrically neutral quasiparticle. The lattice must be excited so that >>>>> these dipoles are formed. Heat, the first important LENR parameter is >>>>> applied to the lattice to produce excitons. Excitons are bosions with spin >>>>> one. >>>>> >>>>> Next, A plasmon is a quantum of plasma oscillation. Plasmons are >>>>> collective oscillations of the free electron gas density. In explanation, >>>>> at optical frequencies of heat through the photoelectric effect, heat >>>>> (infrared light) coupes with free electrons and causes them to oscillate >>>>> on >>>>> the surface of the lattice forming plasmons. >>>>> >>>>> The photoelectric effect aggregates negatively charged plasma of the >>>>> free electron gas and a positively charged background of atomic cores. The >>>>> background is the rather stiff and massive background of atomic nuclei and >>>>> core electrons which we will consider being infinitely massive and fixed >>>>> in >>>>> space. >>>>> >>>>> The negatively charged plasma is formed by the valence electrons of >>>>> nickel hydride that are uniformly distributed over the surface of the >>>>> lattice. >>>>> >>>>> If an oscillating electric field is applied to this solid, the >>>>> negatively charged plasma tends to move some distance apart from the >>>>> positively charged background. As a result the lattice surface is >>>>> negatively polarized and there will be an excess positive charge on a base >>>>> upon which the see of electrons float. >>>>> >>>>> When these waves of electrons (plasmons) interact with excitons, >>>>> coherently coupled plasmons and excitons give rise to new optical >>>>> excitations--plexcitons--due to the strong coupling of these two >>>>> oscillator >>>>> systems. These quantum coherent Plexcitons fill the Nuclear active >>>>> environments (NAEs) and form the intense electromagnetic fields greatly >>>>> amplified through Fano resonance that produce fusion in the NAEs; but more >>>>> on that latter. >>>>> >>>>> I will describe in detail what the NAE looks like in detail, but at >>>>> this juncture it can be described as a nano-sized volume that store >>>>> electrons separated from their atoms on the surface walls of the cavity. >>>>> >>>>> The walls are positively charged and the dielectric gas that fills the >>>>> void (hydrogen) is negatively charged with a coherent alternating current >>>>> of electron gas. >>>>> >>>>> Because the Plexcitons are bosons, there is no limit to the number of >>>>> these quasiparticles (the electron half of the dipole) that can be packed >>>>> into the NAE. The other positive hole part of the dipole resides on the >>>>> walls of the NAE. >>>>> >>>>> This coherence of the electron gas with the IR EMF is the first level >>>>> and most basic level of resonance in the Ni/H reaction. >>>>> >>>>> One way to increase the strength of the LENR reaction is to increase >>>>> the density of the electrons gas that floats around on the surface of the >>>>> lattice. >>>>> >>>>> I am interested in the system that uses micro-particles for the >>>>> lattice because that type of system provides additional resonances to >>>>> increase reaction intensity. >>>>> >>>>> This amplification process through the use of micro-particles is the >>>>> subject of my next post. >>>>> >>>>> Resonance count in the micro-particle based LENR reaction so far is >>>>> one. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >
