Ok Jones, but we now have a problem with communication. If the word
gamma only describes a high energy range, than none of the radiation
resulting from LENR can be called gamma. But, how do we describe the
source of photons? Must we now give the source in so many words every
time? And who made this change (Wikipedia??)? Sounds like this
change occurred only in cosmology and not in nuclear physics.
Nevertheless, this change now makes communication in nuclear physics
more difficult.
As for other sources, the photons resulting from lightning can come
both from the nucleus and from the electrons. How do we talk about the
source now that the idea behind the word gamma has been changed?
In any case, based on the present definition, the word gamma radiation
does not apply to LENR because the emitted photons never enter the
defined energy range. Nevertheless, we need to discuss their source.
Do they come from the nucleus or from the electron structure?
Ed Storms
On May 11, 2013, at 3:18 PM, Jones Beene wrote:
From: Edmund Storms
It would help if you used the definition of gamma ray correctly.
Ed, I’m afraid that it us you who is not up to date on the semantics
of gamma radiation.
Gamma radiation these days is independent of origin, and is merely
high energy per photon. Apparently, you are unaware of the change in
usage.
X-rays have a wavelength in the range of .01 to 10 nanometers, with
energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. These wavelengths are of
course shorter than UV and longer than gamma rays. Gamma radiation
refers to radiation under .01 nm regardless of its source. You and I
were taught that it had to be of nuclear origin – that is not longer
the case – even if most of the time atomic nuclei are involved.
Gammas also created by other processes, especially cosmologically
where the most intense radiation seldom involves nuclei per se. Most
gamma in the Universe come from gravitational collapse - neutron
star, quark star, or black hole. None of these have nuclei per se.
Natural sources of gamma which are not of a nuclear origin are
lightning strikes. Betatrons etc. can produce gammas directly from
electrons which do not involve a nucleus.
Jones
