Helium is a reaction product explained by nuclear reactions that produce alpha emission.
Reference: http://64.142.106.183/v2/conferences/2012/ICCF17/papers/Dash-Effect%20of%20Recrystallization-Slides-ICCF-17.pdf This experiment shows that transmutation can occur at a distance from the NAE. This experimental observation shows that the cause of LENR is caused by an EMF field that weakens as a results of the inverse square law. This experimental result also shows that EMF causes LENR as follows: I will post an interpretation of experiments involving exploding foils in water that show nuclear fission of uranium 238 far removed the site of the spark. This indicates to me that the cause of this fission is an electromagnetic pulse produced by polaritons created by the spark. References: http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LochakGlowenergyn.pdf Low-energy nuclear reactions and the leptonic monopole http://aflb.ensmp.fr/AFLB-301/aflb301m182.pdf Experimental observation of the distortion of the uranium isotopic relationship and violation of the thorium- 234 secular equilibrium upon electric explosion The LENR reaction happens at a distance from the NAE. Here is the pertinent excerpt from the first referenced paper In order to complete the story of transformation, we should consider this problem: where does the transformation take place, either throughout the whole space of the explosion chamber or only in the plasma channel? To answer this question, we carried out experiments with *uranium* salts (uranyl sulfate, UO2SO4) [3]. The idea of the experiment was as follows. The plasma channel has a small volume with respect to the volume of the whole chamber. Thus, if some salt of a metal having several isotopes is added to bidistilled water, the number of admixture atoms from the solution that get to the plasma channel would be small compared to the number of Ti atoms. It is clear that recording of the isotope shift of admixture atoms would indicate that transformation takes place throughout the whole bulk of the chamber. As this metal, we used U. *Uranium* has two isotopes, 235U and 238U, whose ratio can be easily measured even at a low specific concentration by means of γ, β and α-spectrometry. Figure 5 shows the 235U/238U ratios measured by various procedures and compared to the ratio measured in the starting solution.* * * *Thus, if no changes were detected after the experiment, this ratio would be equal to unity. It can be seen from the figure that the real ratio is far from unity. The isotope shift effect extends far beyond the possible errors. The shift occurs toward enrichment of the mixture in the 235U isotope. This does not mean that 238U is converted into 235U. This interpretation is wrong. We added some 137Cs isotope as the marker. Then we measured the specific activity (that is, activity divided by the volume) of each U isotope with respect to the Cs activity before and after the experiment. It was found that the activity of both U isotopes decreased with respect to that of Cs. However, the activity of the 238U isotope decreases to a greater extent. Thus, the ratio of 235U to 238U becomes bigger than unity. Prior to these experiments, we made sure that the specific activity of 137Cs does not change noticeably. The real situation is more complicated [3] but this is a topic of a separate report. *For us, it is important that the transformation can also take place outside the plasma channel. *This is a rather “unpleasant surprise,” because, probably, within several years, when the low-temperature transmutation will be studied in more detail, it would be rather easy to devise a facile and inexpensive process to enrich *uranium*. In view of the growth of terrorism all over the world, this outcome seems deplorable. Here is the final remark concerning the experimental study of the transformation with regard to gases. Gases are also chemical elements, and it is likely that they are formed in these experiments. This aspect will be considered in [4]. This aforementioned result tells me that the LENR reaction cannot be primarily produced by ultra-low energy neutrons. These neutrons only act locally. The affect of LENR is actioned in the far field. The exploding foil produces a polariton induced EMF that increases radioactive decay at a distance from the site of polariton creation, that is, outside the plasma channel. On Mon, Jun 10, 2013 at 3:19 PM, Edmund Storms <[email protected]>wrote: > Please Axil, stay in contact with what is observed. Helium is the observed > nuclear product. This requires two d to fuse. These d are in isolated and > random sublattice sites. They have to all get into one site to fuse. > Therefore, they MUST assemble. The BEC is proposed to result from this > assembly. I do not know what you have in mind but it is not related to what > is known or what is being proposed. > > Ed > > On Jun 10, 2013, at 1:14 PM, Axil Axil wrote: > > I will try this explanation once again and see it is understood this time. > > > > > *“First deuterons have to assemble into a BEC”* > > > > > This is the first assumption that is misleading you in to an incorrect > conclusion. > > > > > Deuterons are not necessarily involved in the BEC formation process. > > > > > It involves dipole MOTION. > > > > > The motion of charge separation becomes coherent. > > > > > See this video of periodic motion becoming synchronized* * > * * > * * > *32 out of sync metronomes end up synchronizing* > * * > * * > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqFc4wriBvE > > > > > When there is strong coupling between dipoles they will become coherent. > > > > > If you cannot believe your own eyes, it has been demonstrated in science > many times in many ways. > > > > > In the context of electron motion in a metal lattice, dipole movement is > defined as follows: > > > The product of magnitude of charge and the distance of separation between > the charges; *Dipole moment* may refer to the measure of the separation > of positive and negative electrical charges in a system of charges, that > is, a measure of the charge system's overall polarity. > > > > > *“Two d must first come together and remain together because they are > able to form a BEC rather than a D2 molecule.”* > > > > > This is a concept that is wholly formed in your own mind and has not been > experimentally verified by many experiments in the science of > Nanoplasmonics. > > > > > Kevin is referring to an experiment that shows how the coherent MOTION of > Rydberg atoms share large photons of laser energy. This experiment is > directly applicable example of how large photons of energy derived from > gainful subatomic transitions in atoms are shared in a metal lattice > through the action of coherent motion of charge separation. > > > > > *“You have to answer a series of questions if you go down this path. For > example, if two d can form a BEC and be stable, why do these BEC not grown > in number until they can be detected?”* > * * > * * > > > They have been detected in experiments by both George Miley and Francesco > Celani > when they detected a drop of electrical resistance in areas of dipole > condensation formation. > > > > > > > *“Why does the BEC wait to fuse?”* > > > > > > > A BEC is just one part of an EMF amplification cascade where EMF is > concentrated to levels so high that these force fields disrupt the normal > configurations within the nucleus of the atom and allow the nucleus to > reconfigure into a system of lower energy potential. > > > > > > > Usually, heavy nuclei become lighter in this process; however the > possibility that a proton will be incorporated in the new nuclear > configuration is possible but less likely. > > > > > *“I suspect these answers are not easy to justify. If the answers are not > provided, this mechanism cannot be a solution to the CF problem.”* > > > > > This mechanism of EMF amplification has been seen is Nanoplasmonic > experiments where the EMF produced in: “hot spots” become so intense that > the chemicals used to determine field EMF strength were destroyed. > > > LENR is just an intensification of the Nanoplasmonic “Hot Spot” mechanism > where EMF disruption becomes so strong that nuclear processes are affected. > > > > > From the standpoint of physical principles LENR vs. Nanoplasmonics, it is > more a matter of quantity rather than quality of the physical processes. > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Mon, Jun 10, 2013 at 9:51 AM, Edmund Storms <[email protected]>wrote: > >> Kevin, when you suggest involvement of a BEC, you need to consider the >> sequence of the process. First deuterons have to assemble into a BEC of a >> increasingly larger size. Two d must first come together and remain >> together because they are able to form a BEC rather than a D2 molecule. >> However, these two d do not fuse. Then another d arrives and joins the >> group. This assembly continues to be a BEC, but does not fuse. Only when >> hundreds of d have assembled does two of the members of the BEC fuse and >> communicate all of the fusion energy equally to all other members of the >> group. >> >> You have to answer a series of questions if you go down this path. For >> example, if two d can form a BEC and be stable, why do these BEC not grown >> in number until they can be detected? How big can a BEC get before it is >> unstable in a lattice or living cell? How big must this limit be before the >> energy from a single d-d fusion acquired by each emitted d is too small to >> detect? Why does the BEC wait to fuse? Why do only 2 d fuse in a large >> group? How is the Coulomb barrier reduced? How is energy communicated to >> all members of the BEC? I suspect these answers are not easy to justify. If >> the answers are not provided, this mechanism can not be a solution to the >> CF problem. >> >> Ed >> >> On Jun 9, 2013, at 9:46 PM, Kevin O'Malley wrote: >> >> On another thread, Edmund Storms posted how many nuclear fusion atoms >>> must take place to generate 1 Watt of power. We can work backwords >>> from that number, knowing that a certain number of Watts are >>> generated. Then we know how many atoms/second are fusing. From that >>> calculation you can figure out how many OTHER atoms need to be >>> involved with the BEC in order for it to have the frequency being >>> observed. I doubt the entire device needs to be involve. I think it >>> would be hundreds of BECs forming with thousands of atoms. >>> >>> >>> http://www.mail-archive.com/**[email protected]/msg81244.**html<http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg81244.html> >>> >>> This paper verifies that a photon eradiated Bose-Einstein condensate will >>> cut the frequency of incoming photons by dividing that frequency between >>> N >>> numbers of atoms. >>> >>> >>> http://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.**1261v1.pdf<http://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.1261v1.pdf> >>> >>> >>> >>> On 6/7/13, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: >>> >>>> References: >>>> >>>> >>>> http://phys.org/news/2013-05-**einstein-spooky-action-common-** >>>> large.html<http://phys.org/news/2013-05-einstein-spooky-action-common-large.html> >>>> >>>> >>>> *Einstein's 'spooky action' common in large quantum systems, >>>> mathematicians >>>> find* >>>> >>>> >>>> If you like mathematics that can choke an elephant try this as follows: >>>> >>>> >>>> http://arxiv.org/pdf/1106.**2264v3.pdf<http://arxiv.org/pdf/1106.2264v3.pdf> >>>> >>>> >>>> *ENTANGLEMENT THRESHOLDS FOR RANDOM INDUCED STATES* >>>> >>>> Why does a Ni/H reactor form a Bose-Einstein condensate throughout its >>>> entire volume? STANIS LAW J. SZAREK provides the answer; the dipoles >>>> throughout the reactor are forced to become totally entangled when the >>>> percentage of dipole entanglement exceeds 20%. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> The Ni/H reactor will formulate a very large entangled system when it >>>> is in >>>> operation. As a large system, it has no choice but to become totally >>>> entangled. >>>> >>>> >>>> Infrared Photon tunneling between the individual Nano-cavities is the >>>> method by which quantum entanglement is spread Josephson like from one >>>> nano-cavity to its immediate neighbors. >>>> >>>> >>>> When the Ni/H reactor is not totally entangled, it renders the nuclear >>>> energy it produces from the decoherent nano-cavities as gamma radiation. >>>> However, if the 20% entanglement threshold is reached, the energy >>>> produced >>>> by the LENR reaction is thermalized through the process of frequency >>>> sharing as in a large super atom. >>>> >>>> When a Ni/H reactor is not yet totally entangled, it will produce gamma >>>> radiation. This can happen when the reactor is heating up upon startup >>>> or >>>> cooling down at shutdown. >>>> >>>> In the LeClair reactor, the 20% entanglement threshold is never reached >>>> and >>>> a significant proportion of its energy output is rendered as gamma >>>> radiation. >>>> >>>> A Ni/H reactor must exceed this 20% dipole entanglement threshold before >>>> its energy production phase is initiated to avoid the inconvenience of >>>> gamma production. >>>> >>>> >>> >> > >
