This thread has given me the opportunity to use a new word that I have just learned as follows:
An *epiphenomenon* (plural - epiphenomena) is a secondary phenomenon that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon. An epiphenomenon can be an effect of primary phenomena, but cannot affect a primary phenomenon. In the field of complex systems, the term epiphenomenon tends to be used interchangeably with "emergent effect". ---------------------------------------------------- In the E-cat, the polariton formation process allows for the formation of EMF solitons as separate unconnected units at low temperatures. As the temperature rises, polariton formation of global polariton Bose-Einstein condensation appears as an epiphenomenon. This BEC will thermalize the gamma radiation via a superatom mechanism. See Spasers explained http://www.phy-astr.gsu.edu/stockman/data/Spaser_Chapter.pdf On Thu, Jul 18, 2013 at 12:48 PM, David ledin <[email protected] > wrote: > Axil Axil > > Thanks for clarification can you give me a reference about this . > > On 7/18/13, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > > Rossi fixed the gamma ray problem when he added the secondary heater to > > preheat the E-Cat reactor before the initiation of the LERN reaction. > This > > cured the gamma ray problem is subsequent versions of the E-Cat. The new > > Rossi systems do not produce gamma rays. > > > > > > On Thu, Jul 18, 2013 at 12:26 PM, David ledin > > <[email protected] > >> wrote: > > > >> Jones Beene > >> > >> Why you insist that e-cat don't emit gamma ray while both rossi and > >> focardi claimed otherwise. > >> > >> Here is a quote from Sergio Focardi talk in TEDx conference . > >> > >> "08:43 Now, one of the problems when we talk about these topics is the > >> problem of safety. And, in this case the danger for the safety is the > >> radioactivity, because being a nuclear reaction people foresee > >> radioactivity emitted in the reaction. This is real, but we are lucky > >> this process produce only gamma rays and not neutrons. I must say I > >> pointed to the danger of neutrons from the start with the > >> collaboration with Rossi; and Rossi, obviously, took the measures > >> needed because, if there would be neutrons, the things would be > >> difficult, because neutrons can be shielded but it is not a simple > >> problem. Luckily there are not neutrons. But there are gamma rays. The > >> presence of gamma ray I have experienced directly, in the first > >> experiments in the laboratory Rossi had in Bondeno, because often I > >> did the measures when Rossi was occupied doing his bidding. I, in the > >> first measures used an instrument detecting radioactivity and measured > >> the gamma rays. Not very dangerous, not big compared to the normal > >> background, but anyway present. And it is obvious there was no reason > >> to raise the natural radioactivity level." > >> > >> "10:40 But we never detected neutrons as this was my main fear because > >> neutron are difficult to shield. But hey never showed. The problem of > >> the gamma rays was solved simply adding, around the generators, small > >> sheet of lead that are able to shield the gamma ray. So we can say, > >> there is no risk of radioactivity when we work in this way. This is > >> good not only for us but for when there will be commercial > >> applications." > >> > >> full video and transcription > >> > >> > http://www.e-catworld.com/2011/11/sergio-focardi-presents-ted-talk-on-nickelhydrogen-reaction-video-in-italian/ > >> > >> On 7/18/13, Giovanni Santostasi <[email protected]> wrote: > >> > No, neutrino was proposed to explain missing momentum in nuclear > >> reactions. > >> > Alto it has a role in balancing nuclear reactions by balancing lepton > >> > charge. > >> > The solar neutrino problem came later and it was not invented to solve > >> > a > >> > problem but it actually seemed to indicate a conflict between > >> > understood > >> > nuclear reactions that were supposed to happen inside the sun and > >> > actual > >> > detected. neutrino at earth. > >> > The problem was solved by observing that the neutrino oscillates > >> > between > >> 3 > >> > different types. > >> > Giovanni > >> > > >> > > >> > > >> > On Thu, Jul 18, 2013 at 10:41 AM, Jones Beene <[email protected]> > >> wrote: > >> > > >> >> There are half a dozen new papers out this summer on various physical > >> >> aspects of the neutrino - the elusive "ghost particle" of physics > >> >> which > >> >> was > >> >> once an abstraction (lest we forget). The neutrino was invented with > >> >> no > >> >> evidence in order to "balance the books" of energetic stellar > >> >> reactions. > >> >> Nowadays, almost everyone (except Don Hotson) agrees that the > neutrino > >> >> has > >> >> mass detectable on earth (formerly it was thought to be massless). > >> >> More > >> >> on > >> >> integrating Hotson's view (and the zero point field) with neutrinos - > >> >> later. > >> >> > >> >> This effective level of neutrino mass has strong implications for > dark > >> >> matter, due to the incredible neutrino flux... as well as > implications > >> >> for > >> >> anomalous earthly energy. BTW the solar neutrino flux is estimated at > >> >> a > >> >> minimum of ~ 3.5 billion/cm^2/sec up to 200 billion/cm^2/sec. Even > the > >> >> low > >> >> estimate is mind boggling in terms of how much energy is available on > >> the > >> >> capture and conversion of a tiny percentage, and we do know that some > >> >> elements capture a few (very few). > >> >> > >> >> Best I can tell, the consensus for neutrino mass in 2013 is about > half > >> >> the > >> >> value which was being floated around in 2010, which was an upper > limit > >> or > >> >> .28 eV/c^2. This is complicated by the fact that various neutrinos > >> >> have > >> >> differing masses but can "flip" - which itself seems to violate CoE. > >> >> > >> >> Anyway, the most interesting factoid about the value of neutrino mass > >> for > >> >> LENR, and especially in the context of the Rossi HotCat are the > >> >> "coincidences". The HotCat is the first devices which seems to work > in > >> >> a > >> >> very robust manner at a peak photon resonance in the infrared range > >> >> ... > >> >> and > >> >> around a wavelength of slightly over 10 microns. This wavelength just > >> >> so > >> >> happens ... drum roll ... ta da... > >> >> > >> >> ... to "coincidentally" be in a range where plasmon/polaritons are > >> >> known > >> >> to > >> >> form, which happens "coincidentally" to be the value of the blackbody > >> >> emission spectrum of planet earth, which happens "coincidentally" to > >> >> be > >> a > >> >> range of mass-energy corresponding to ... you guessed it ... the > solar > >> >> neutrino. All of these details are connected at ~10 microns > >> >> wavelength, > >> >> hot-but-not-too-hot. > >> >> > >> >> Maybe it is too soon to connect the dots? (quantum dots indeed) > >> >> > >> >> It is worth mentioning the implications of one possibility - that > the > >> >> plasmon/polariton operates as an effective "antenna" for capturing a > >> >> small > >> >> fraction of the massive solar neutrino flux- since this would help to > >> >> answer > >> >> the major question of how Rossi can achieve so much thermal gain with > >> >> zero > >> >> gamma radiation. Even if true, this antenna-like function is not > >> >> enough, > >> >> since any IR emitter should show gain at 10 microns, and we know that > >> >> is > >> >> not > >> >> the case. > >> >> > >> >> So if it is not thermal gain which is captured by > plasmons/polaritons, > >> >> then > >> >> what is it? > >> >> > >> >> More on that later, but if you guessed that polaritons interact with > >> >> neutrinos in something akin to [mass <-> charge] interaction, then go > >> >> to > >> >> the > >> >> head of the class. That would be where the polariton gets it huge > >> >> electric > >> >> field. > >> >> > >> >> Jones > >> >> > >> > > >> > >> > > > >
