*The evanescent wave* There is an EMF power amplification factor of up to 10 to the 15 power experimentally demonstrated by nanolenzes formed by nanowires and nanoparticles.
This is before the chemical probes that measure this power level are destroyed by the EMF originating from the “hot spot". The question is “how does such a concentration of power occur?” An evanescent wave exits in the near-field of a reflecting surface with an intensity that exhibits exponential decay with distance from the boundary at which the wave was formed. Evanescent waves are a general property of wave-equations, and can in principle occur in any context to which a wave-equation applies. They are formed at the boundary between two media with different wave motion properties, and are most intense within one third of a wavelength from the surface of formation. This is the reason why electric arking and dielectric boundaries are important in LENR. EMF amplification involves solutions of Maxwell’s equations and boundary conditions where imaginary solutions are manifest. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanescent_wave Total internal reflection of light In the context of Ni/H LENR+, the boundary between nickel and pressurized hydrogen forms a boundary trap where the capacitive EMF(electrons) accumulate because there is a Total internal reflection of this EMF at the boundary of the metal hydrogen interface. These electron waves accumulate and superimpose constructively. This EMF wave function has no solution that transmits energy away from the boundary. Mathematically, evanescent waves can be characterized by a wave vector where one or more of the vector's components have an imaginary value. This coupling between the hydrogen dielectric that cover the nano-particle and/or the nickel micro-particle is directly analogous to the coupling between the primary and secondary coils of a transformer, or between the two plates of a capacitor. Mathematically, the process is the same as that of quantum tunneling, except with electromagnetic waves instead of quantum-mechanical wave function. This near surface interface boundary is the zone were electrons accumulate by a power concentration factor of trillions or more. It is this charge concentration that produces coulomb barrier lowering in the boundary layer where the evanescent wave forms. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fano_resonance Fano resonance is the mechanism that mixes the electron and light waveforms together. The infrared radiation and dielectric oscillations of the excitons are the two waveforms involved. An exciton is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole which are attracted to each other by the electrostatic Coulomb force. The Fano resonance line-shape is due to interference between two scattering amplitudes, one due to scattering within a continuum of states (the background process) and the second due to an excitation of a discrete state (the resonant process). The energy of the resonant state must lie in the energy range of the continuum (background) states for the effect to occur. Near the resonant energy, the background scattering amplitude typically varies slowly with energy while the resonant scattering amplitude changes both in magnitude and phase quickly. It is this variation that creates the asymmetric profile. The Fano resonance is how increased infrared stimulation of the micro powder increases LENR activity. When DGT removes the hydrogen from their reactor, the Fano resonance is destroyed. Fano resonance is like a charger of a capacitor that will continue to load the capacitor until the capacitor is fully loaded. This loading condition occurs when the energy lost from the capacitor equals the input loading energy level of the charger. More of Black EVs from Ken Shoulders http://www.svn.net/krscfs/Permittivity%20Transitions.pdf Figure 5 and 6 on page 4 show how a white EV transforms into a black EV. Ken Shoulders states as follows: “In order to develop some reality about the appearance of white and black EVs, refer to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 with each showing a single run of an EV toward a target at the top of the photo. These photos were taken from (1) as Fig. 4:40 and Fig. 4:42 where there is other photos showing similar affects. What can be seen is the white EV coming in from the lower side of the photo and then disappearing from camera view just before striking the target and disintegrating it. The white glob at the top is a plume of ions coming from the explosion. This can be validated by applying an analyzing field in the camera that produces a deflection to the left for ions and to the right for electrons. This analysis field has been applied in Fig. 6 and it can be seen that the white EV has moved to the right, signifying its emission products are electrons, while the ion plume moves to the left. The fact is, there is an omission of both electronic and optical traces during the black phase of the EV run This is not an artifact of the measurement method because there are many examples where multiple cameras and visual observation showed such a disappearance. In the black state, there is no ability to ionize gas or to excite fluorescence from the nearby dielectric materials whereas there is with a white EV. *Unidirectional Current Flow*: Under the conditions of white and black EV looping as stated above, there is an electrical peculiarity worth noting. The current flows in only the white EV direction thus giving the basic conditions for magnetic field generation without closing the current loop. The return charge flows around the other half of the loop without being registered in our instruments. This might be the basis for predicting something like a *magnetic monopole*. Under the conditions stated, it is possible to detect the vector potential, Ā, outside of the current loop usually used to define the vector potential habitat. This offers a communication method that is not shielded by conventional conductors because the electrons in the conductor are not excited into generating a mirror image. One must wonder what other electrons we are working with is also not excited by this unusual method of generating longitudinal emanations or potentials.” The black EV is produced by polariton creation. Of note Shoulders states: In the black state, there is no ability to ionize gas or to excite fluorescence from the nearby dielectric materials whereas there is with a white EV. >From figure 5, it can be seen that the condensed vapors of the metal target take some short time to form nano-particles. In the Black EV state electrons are converted to polaritons when the electrons of the white EV, the infrared EMF from the spark discharge, and the condensed nano-particle combined to form these polaritons. The infrared radiation of the spark explosion helps produce the polariton plume through the action of Fano interference. Shoulders remarks continue: The fact is, there is an omission of both electronic and optical traces during the black phase of the EV run. Under the conditions of white and black EV looping as stated above, there is an electrical peculiarity worth noting. The current flows in only the white EV direction thus giving the basic conditions for magnetic field generation without closing the current loop. The return charge flows around the other half of the loop without being registered in our instruments. This might be the basis for predicting something like a magnetic monopole. No. this results from polariton production, Ken. And finally: The kinetic energy of an electron or group of electrons cannot match or exceed the power of hot fusion devices like ITER or the national fusion facility. The answer is not to be found in kinetic energy or the related relativistic speed of electrons. An arching electron will produce nano-particles when it deposits it kinetic energy on a metal surface. I believe that the dark modes that Ken Shoulders sees in his experiments are due to nano-particle generation when metal that is vaporized by the kinetic energy of electrons. Ken Shoulders states as follows: The EV makes a streak of light as it travels across the surface of the dielectric, and imparts a localized surface charge. Unless this charge is dispersed, it will cause the next EV to follow another path. A witness plate of metal foil may be positioned to intercept the EVs, and will sustain visible damage from their impact. The foil thus serves to detect and locate the entities even if they are invisible ("black EVs"). Black EVs are produced by Fano resonance of nano-particles produced by the condensation of metal vapor in concert with light radiation produced by the EV. Polaritons are thereby formed to resolve the EMF discharge into dark modes of EMF radiation. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering act in concert with Fano resonance to turn the EMF of the spark inward into a local EMF focus where charge concentration is manifest. This is what a nuclear active environment looks like. It is a black hole of intense EMF. Figure 18 in this reference shows micro/nano particle production http://www.svn.net/krscfs/Charge%20Clusters%20In%20Action.pdf Nuclear transmutation is shown in figure 19. Notice that almost all of the transmutation is caused by fission as a result of the disruption of the strong force by huge anapole magnetic fields. On Fri, Aug 16, 2013 at 3:08 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > So users of big process power from high grade heat are steel mills, cement > plants, glass plants, petrochemical refiners, cargo ship, train engines, > earth movers, aircraft, trucks, autos, water desalination, buses, pumps, > mines... > > > On Fri, Aug 16, 2013 at 2:58 PM, James Bowery <[email protected]> wrote: > >> >> >> >> On Fri, Aug 16, 2013 at 12:55 PM, Jed Rothwell <[email protected]>wrote: >> >>> Peter Gluck <[email protected]> wrote: >>> >>> >>>> Megawatts are better than kilowatts and kilowatts are better than >>>> milliwatts. >>>> >>> >>> Probably not in the long term. Most devices use ~100 W. In the future I >>> expect all power supplies to be self-contained, with no central generation >>> or even household generators. I mean that every light fixture, computer and >>> cell phone will have a thermoelectric generator. The most useful size will >>> be 1 to 100 W. >>> >>> Even early into a cold fusion era there will be few uses for a megawatt >>> generator. >>> >>> >> Drop-in replacements for coal-burners in electrical power plants looks >> like a quick win if the ECat-HT can be made self-sustaining via acting >> cooling control. >> >> >> >> >
