Hi Joe

Thanks for these test results. I note that your conclusion that JT65c is no
better than JT4 with spreading greater than 10 to 20 Hz is based on non-DS
decoding.  Based on my tests with r6536 I am inclined to agree that your
conclusion also applies to DS decoding although I would like to do more
testing when a build of r6559 is available.

This conclusion does, however, seem to be contrary to the Text books that
the use of higher Mary FSK should improve performance.  Although such
relative performance improvements do diminish with increased symbol error
rate and perhaps at the 50% decoding margin which is important in the ham
radio context (as opposed to the commercial context) increased Mary levels
do not help enough to counteract the loss of performance due to partially
over-lapping tones.

I assume that the use of JT65d would extend the useful spreading range for
JT65 compared to JT4 from the 10-20 Hz range to the 20-40 Hz range which
would probably make JT65 the preferred mode up to 5.7 GHz and even 10 GHz
when full spreading is below 40 Hz as is often used for small station to
small station EME.  Another advantage of JT65d is that as the spreading goes
through a minimum that can often be as low as a few Hz at 10 GHz then JT65
can take advantage of the extra 2 dB over JT4 without having to change modes
during a QSO.  Thus I can see that there is value in having a JT65d Mode for
small station to small station EME at 10 GHz although I accept the benefit
is small.

Despite having argued the case for JT65d this depends on whether JT4 has yet
reached its full potential at low spreading.  From my DS tests JT4f on
WSJT-X is around 2 dB better than JT4f in WSJT10 when the spreading is above
20-30 Hz.  However, JT4F on WSJT10 is about 2 dB better at very low
spreading up to around 10 Hz.  The reason why WSJT10 is better is that it is
much better at gaining sync at low spreading than WSJT-X. It seems to me
that if the WSJT10 method of gaining sync were applied to WSJT-X then JT4f
on WSJT-X might well be as good as JT65 at low spreading such as a few Hz
and thus that JT4 would be the preferred mode for all microwave bands and
that JT65d would not then be required.  It is also possible that the
improvement in gaining sync would apply at higher spreading and as such
would further improve the JT4f performance at above 20-30 Hz.  At present
averaging is rarely useful on JT4f DS on WSJT-X as the limit is gaining sync
- thus any improvement in gaining sync should be of significant benefit to
JT4f averaging.

So in summary I think the next move should be to do some wider tests to
compare the sync performance of JT4f on WSJT10 and WSJT-X to see if there
are options to optimise this mode before you spend time on JT65d.

Rex VK7MO



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