Re the cittern and the Moravians, Lanie Graf published something in a recent Moravian Archives journal all about citterns, Moravians and Frederick Hintz, the furniture maker turned guittar maker. You can find the relevent (sp?) info on her ning page. By the way, Hintz claimed to have "invented" the English guitar. I think he may have invented the major-chord tuning for the cittern when he moved to England... andy r
On Tue, Aug 18, 2009 at 4:03 AM, Martyn Hodgson <[1]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk> wrote: Thank you for this and especially for reminding me of the Moravian church (in particular the missions to North America in the 18thC). This spurred me to search more about it and I see that it was indeed originally located in Bohemia and Moravia but that after counter reformation persecution a branch was established in Herrnhut (Saxony) in 1722 which, as you say, seems to have become the missionary hub. Since the mandora/gallichon was only developed in the very late 17thC, then you're quite right to suggest that by this time there'd probably have been few direct links with the original Bohemian/Moravian locations and mandora use in that part of the world. Nevertheless the mandora did spread pretty rapidly throughout German speaking (that is through the educated classes) lands and by 1750 would have been known in Saxony. What I meant by the tablature looking like mandora music, was that melody and bass are often seperated by one ot more courses which is, of course, a feature only really possible if plucked with fingers. And here I show my ignorance of the cittern: are there any mid 18thC sources unequivocally for the cittern that require such finger plucking? - I had supposed it was all plectrum. Contrarywise, your point about the use of the cittern in the Moravian church in North America is equally telling - how do we know about this? I looked on the modern church's website but couldn't find a link. Martyn )--- On Tue, 18/8/09, Andrew Rutherford <[2]lutewo...@gmail.com> wrote: From: Andrew Rutherford <[3]lutewo...@gmail.com> Subject: Re: [CITTERN] Re: Moravian Choralbuch [rights] To: "Martyn Hodgson" <[4]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk> Date: Tuesday, 18 August, 2009, 2:09 AM Dear folks, Could be for mandora, the MS doesn't specify the instrument, but the Moravian church has a tradition of using the cittern in worship. There are references to people playing citterns in various other settings, such as funerals or sickrooms. And there are paintings of what appear to be lute-backed citterns (the strings are attached at the base and run over a floating bridge, so probably not gut-strung) in the hands of Moravian girls. (look at Lanie Graf's page on the ning site- she's a real Moravian!) By "Moravian" we're talking about the Protestant religious sect, not necessarily the country. The modern Moravian Church developed in Herrnhut, (in eastern Germany) in the 1720s and sent missionaries all over the world. The Pennsylvania bunch was well established by the 1750s, and there are mentions of people using citterns (Zitter, I think they called it) for various purposes; the cittern and harp were particularly important. The MS does specify the pitches of the six courses, on the first page, I think. And, there's the lute-backed instrument in the Moravian museum in Nazareth PA, which could be set up with six courses (it has 12 pegs). It could be tuned to this pitch, with a 50cm stringlength. andy r On Mon, Aug 17, 2009 at 3:11 AM, Martyn Hodgson <[1][5]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk> wrote: Dear Andrew and Stuart, Having just now looked at the tablature, I wonder if the the instrument intended was in fact the mandora rather than the cittern. Altho' most mid-18thC mandora tunings are similar to the 'spanish' guitar intervals (except mostly for only a tone between 5th and 6th courses) there are a number of sources which require odd tunings - this may be one such. And, of course, Moravia and Bohemia was the birthplace and heartland of the mandora/gallichon - as also witnessed by the quantity of surviving mandora tablatures in monasteries there. Certainly the tablature looks exactly as other contemporary mandora tablatures but I'm not particularly knowledgable about the cittern of the same date in Moravia/central Europe: was it a common instrument? - more so than the popular mandora? Martyn --- On Sun, 16/8/09, Andrew Hartig <[2][6]cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com> wrote: From: Andrew Hartig <[3][7]cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com> Subject: [CITTERN] Re: Moravian Choralbuch [rights] To: [4][8]citt...@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Sunday, 16 August, 2009, 7:51 PM I will need to check with Lanie Graf about the rights for performance. I think it may be a semantic issue of what qualifies as "music". I believe the permission should be sought only for the reproduction of the tablature (music) of physical manuscript (e.g. you would need to seek permission if you were to create an edition or include a photograph as part of a book). Let me find out, and sorry for the confusion. Thanks also to all of those who have taken an interest in this music! Andrew At 01:57 AM 8/16/2009, you wrote: Hello Stuart, That is strange nobody can play a music which is almost 300 years old. In France, at this age, music is public with no more rights". I am probably wrong, but I don't see well the problem. Damien ----- Original Message ----- From: "Stuart Walsh" <[1][5][9]s.wa...@ntlworld.com> To: "Andrew Hartig" <[2][6][10]cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com> Cc: <[3][7][11]citt...@cs.dartmouth.edu> Sent: Saturday, August 15, 2009 11:42 PM Subject: [CITTERN] Re: Moravian Choralbuch Stuart Walsh wrote: Andrew Hartig wrote: Dear all, Some time back Andy Rutherford had told us about a manuscript book (BMB4) in the Moravian Archives of Bethlehem, PA (USA) for 6-course cittern, tuned GCEgbe. Andy managed to get over there to take some photos, and after quite a few emails with the folks at the Moravian Archives, I am pleased to announce that Andy's photographs of the book are now available for public download from my web site. I have compiled all of his photos into a single PDF (25 MB). You can get to it from the "Music Files" page of the Renaissance Cittern Site, [1][4][8][12]http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ (scroll down to the "box" for 18th century music), where perhaps you may also find something else of interest. Special thanks again to Lanie Graf and all the other fine people of the Moravian Archives and Andy Rutherford for working together to make this possible! -Andrew Very interesting and a great resource. Thanks Andrew. There's lots to ponder. For example the funny little 11 sign, which is perhaps an ornament. And these settings include the tune, as sung? The chorale settings seem (after a quick look) quite full, with voice leading etc. No 40 sounds vaguely familiar. Here's a quick recording on a factory-made Russian guitar, but in the GCEgbe tuning. A lot of the pieces are in C major, even though the tuning isn't fully chordal. [2][5][9][13]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 (deleted - just read "The manuscript and its music may not be reproduced or published without the consent of the Moravian Archives." Sorry!) And here's one of the little dance tunes at the end (with a rather glaring mistake in the repeat of the second strain!): [3][6][10][14]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 (deleted) I think it was Rob who said that James Tyler claimed that the English guitar (guittar) has its origins in Germany. I haven't seen his (Tyler's) Evora paper. I looked at a link to the Evora papers but it was dead. Anyway, I think Germany is a likely contender for what got makers in Britain going in the 1750s. But the cittern in Germany itself seems not to have got involved in the 'guittar' fashion. And the music that exists (as far as I know) is in 'old-fashioned' tablature. Boetticher (if I've spelt his name correctly) mentions some four-course music c.1750s and there's the Bunsold tablature and now this. Stuart To get on or off this list see list information at [4][7][11][15]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html -------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - [5][12][16]www.avg.com Version: 8.5.392 / Virus Database: 270.13.58/2304 - Release Date: 08/15/09 06:10:00 -- References 1. [8][13][17]http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 2. [9][14][18]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 3. [10][15][19]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 4. [11][16][20]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html 5. [12][17][21]http://www.avg.com/ -- References 1. [18][22]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=s.wa...@ntlworl d.co m 2. [19][23]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@the ater [24]ofmusic.com 3.. [20][25]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=citt...@cs.dart mout [26]h.edu 4. [21][27]http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 5. [22][28]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 6. [23][29]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 7. [24][30]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html 8. [25][31]http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 9. [26][32]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 10. [27][33]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 11. [28][34]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html 12. [29][35]http://www.avg.com/ Send instant messages to your online friends [36]http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com -- References 1. [37]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=hodgsonmar...@yahoo .co.uk 2. [38]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@theaterofm usic.com 3. [39]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@theaterofm usic.com 4. [40]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=citt...@cs.dartmouth.e du 5. [41]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=s.wa...@ntlworld.com 6. [42]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@theaterofm usic.com 7. [43]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=citt...@cs.dartmouth.e du 8. [44]http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 9. [45]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 10. [46]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 11. [47]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html 12. [48]http://www.avg.com/ 13. [49]http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 14. [50]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 15. [51]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 16. [52]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html 17. [53]http://www.avg.com/ 18. [54]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=s.wa...@ntlworld.co m 19. [55]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@theater ofmusic.com 20. [56]http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=citt...@cs.dartmout h.edu 21. [57]http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 22. [58]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 23. [59]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 24. [60]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html 25. [61]http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 26. [62]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 27. [63]http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 28. [64]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html 29. [65]http://www.avg.com/ -- References 1. mailto:hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk 2. mailto:lutewo...@gmail.com 3. mailto:lutewo...@gmail.com 4. mailto:hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk 5. mailto:hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk 6. mailto:cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com 7. mailto:cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com 8. mailto:cittern@cs.dartmouth.edu 9. mailto:s.wa...@ntlworld.com 10. mailto:cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com 11. mailto:cittern@cs.dartmouth.edu 12. http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 13. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 14. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 15. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html 16. http://www.avg.com/ 17. http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 18. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 19. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 20. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html 21. http://www.avg.com/ 22. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=s.wa...@ntlworld.co 23. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@theater 24. http://ofmusic.com/ 25. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=citt...@cs.dartmout 26. http://h.edu/ 27. http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 28. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 29. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 30. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html 31. http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 32. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 33. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 34. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html 35. http://www.avg.com/ 36. http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com/ 37. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk 38. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com 39. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com 40. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=citt...@cs.dartmouth.edu 41. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=s.wa...@ntlworld.com 42. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com 43. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=citt...@cs.dartmouth.edu 44. http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 45. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 46. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 47. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html 48. http://www.avg.com/ 49. http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 50. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 51. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 52. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html 53. http://www.avg.com/ 54. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=s.wa...@ntlworld.com 55. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=cittern2...@theaterofmusic.com 56. http://uk.mc263.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=citt...@cs.dartmouth.edu 57. http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 58. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 59. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 60. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html 61. http://cittern.theaterofmusic.com/musicfiles/ 62. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/No40.mp3 63. http://www.pluckedturkeys.co.uk/Men3.mp3 64. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html 65. http://www.avg.com/