Roman (also sometimes called Latin) is a class of languages (also known as 
Romance) that includes English, French, German, etc.  This is codified in the 
encoding ISO 8859-1 (also called ISO Latin 1 - 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1>)

Devanagari is a script used for Hindi (and other Indic languages - see 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari>).

Fonts are simply a way to provide a set of glyphs (visual representations of 
"letters" and "symbols").   They may or may not have a correlation to a 
specific script or language.  In most cases today, fonts include glyphs for 
MANY languages & scripts (eg. Unicode fonts).

A font CAN NOT automatically do anything!  The software that lays out the 
characters/code points MUST determine whether any contextual glyph shaping 
needs to be performed and then find the relevant glyphs in the font file.  See 
<http://people.w3.org/rishida/docs/unicode-tutorial/part3#context-sensitive> 
which is just part of a full presentation on Unicode.

Hope that helps clarify things for you.

-----Original Message-----
From: John Kilbourne [mailto:[email protected]] 
Sent: Wednesday, April 06, 2011 12:34 PM
To: Post all your questions about iText here
Subject: Re: [iText-questions] ligature implementation for Indian languages / 
Devanagari script

I wonder if the distinction between font and language and something in between 
aren't involved here. English is a language, Roman is not quite a font (I 
think), but Times-Roman would be a font. Hindi is a language, devanagari is not 
quite a font, and Sansrit2003 (the font I use for devanagari) is a font.

Anyway, here (http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Devanagari.html)  is a list of 
devanagari fonts showing the ligatures they naturally produce. Sanskrit 2003 
(the font) automatically renders devanagari ligatures like 
क्ष, त्म, प्र  for 
क्‌+ष्‌, त्‌+म्‌, and प्‌ + र्‌.


----- Original Message -----
From: "Leonard Rosenthol" <[email protected]>
To: "Post all your questions about iText here" 
<[email protected]>
Sent: Wednesday, April 6, 2011 2:49:09 PM GMT -05:00 US/Canada Eastern
Subject: Re: [iText-questions] ligature implementation for Indian languages /   
Devanagari script

The information about what two character codes/code points make up a given 
ligature isn't encoded into a font.  For example, there is nothing that tells 
me that when I find 'f' and 'i' next to each other in Roman/English text that I 
can turn that into an 'fi' ligature. I have to have that type of logic written 
into my layout engine.

Contextual languages such as Arabic and Devanagari make this even more complex 
- but same concept...

Leonard

-----Original Message-----
From: John Kilbourne [mailto:[email protected]] 
Sent: Wednesday, April 06, 2011 11:41 AM
To: Post all your questions about iText here
Subject: Re: [iText-questions] ligature implementation for Indian languages / 
Devanagari script

How is it that different devanagari fonts render ligatures differently? It 
seems that the ligature information is found in the font itself. Is there no 
way for iText to utilize the information already contained the particular font 
used to render the text? 

----- Original Message -----
From: "1T3XT BVBA" <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
Sent: Sunday, April 3, 2011 3:01:34 AM GMT -05:00 US/Canada Eastern
Subject: Re: [iText-questions] ligature implementation for Indian languages /   
Devanagari script

[email protected] wrote:
> Does iText have ligature implementation for Indian languages such as Hindi,
> Gujarati, Marathi, etc?

No, none of the iText developers understand any Indic language.
You are always welcome to contribute code that supports ligatures in 
Indic languages.

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iText(R) is a registered trademark of 1T3XT BVBA.
Many questions posted to this list can (and will) be answered with a reference 
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iText(R) is a registered trademark of 1T3XT BVBA.
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