Re: [biofuels-biz] Small-scale ethanol
I have had a car running on home-made ethanol, but abandoned the project in favour of biodiesel, mainly on cost grounds. There is, however, another aspect of ethanol which disquiets. Most proponents cite the carbon dioxide released during fermentation as some sort of advantage, saying it promotes plant growth or can be used to make fizzy drinks. No mention of either: *Its role as a greenhouse gas or *The loss of energy in all that carbon In one sense, fermentation is a cold combustion process so we are squandering a decent part of the energy in the original feedstock sugars. Or have I got it all wrong? David T. Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Small-scale ethanol
Keith must still be sleeping :-) If the CO2 released in fermentation of (say) forestry residues or other ligno cellulosics for ethanol production, you'd surely have to compare that to methane released if those materials biodegraded. Methane's a bit more effective as a greenhouse gas (or so I read somewhere). Interesting thought though. David Teal wrote: I have had a car running on home-made ethanol, but abandoned the project in favour of biodiesel, mainly on cost grounds. There is, however, another aspect of ethanol which disquiets. Most proponents cite the carbon dioxide released during fermentation as some sort of advantage, saying it promotes plant growth or can be used to make fizzy drinks. No mention of either: *Its role as a greenhouse gas or *The loss of energy in all that carbon In one sense, fermentation is a cold combustion process so we are squandering a decent part of the energy in the original feedstock sugars. Or have I got it all wrong? David T. Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ -- David Preskett, BSc (Hons.), AIWSc [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reduce - reuse - recycle University of Wales BioComposites Centre Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW http://www.bc.bangor.ac.uk Tel +44 (0)1248-370588 Fax: +44 (0)1248-370594 Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Minor oil crops
Full-text online: http://www.fao.org/inpho/vlibrary/x0043e/x0043e00.htm Minor oil crops Part I - Edible oils Part II - Non-edible oils Part III - Essential oils Table of Contents FAO AGRICULTURAL SERVICES BULLETIN No. 94 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1992 prepared by B.L. Axtell from research by R.M. Fairman Intermediate Technology Development Group Rugby, UK The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-17 ISBN 92-5-103128-2 Copyright Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is hereby granted without fee and without a formal request provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and full citation on the first page. Copyright for components of this work owned by others than FAO must be honoured. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or fee. Request permission to publish from: The Chief Editor, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy, e-mail:[EMAIL PROTECTED] (c) FAO 1992 Contents Preface Abbreviations Introduction Principals of extraction Part I - Minor edible oil crops Individual monographs 1.1 Argan 1.2 Avocado 1.3 Babassu palm 1.4 Balanites 1.5 Borneo tallow nut 1.6 Brazil nut 1.7 Caryocar spp 1.8 Cashew nut 1.9 Chinese vegetable tallow 1.10 Cohune palm 1.11 Cucurbitaceae Bottle gourd Buffalo gourd Fluted pumpkin Marrow Smooth loofah 1.12 Grapeseed 1.13 Illipe 1.14 Kusum 1.15 Macadamia nuts 1.16 Mango seed 1.17 Noog abyssinia 1.18 Nutmeg 1.19 Perilla 1.20 Pili nut 1.21 Rice bran 1.22 Sacha inche 1.23 Seje 1.24 Shea nut 1.25 Teased Appendix I - Summary of various applications of minor edible oil groups Appendix II - Research and development institutions Part II - Minor non-edible oil crops I. Individual monographs 2.1 Allanblackia 2.2 Almond 2.3 Chaulmoogra 2.4 Cuphea spp. 2.5 Jatropa curgas 2.6 Karanja seed 2.7 Neem 2.8 Papaya 2.9 Tonka bean 2.10 Tung 2.11 Ucuuba Appendix I - Summary of various applications of minor non-edible oil crops Part III - Minor essential oil crops I. Introduction II. Distillation of essential oils 2.1 Raw materials / processing 2.2 Types of distillation 2.3 Storage and packaging III. Individual monographs 3.1 Cajuput 3.2 Clausena anisata 3.3 Davana 3.4 Galbanum natural oleoresin 3.5 German chamomile 3.6 Hexastylis 3.7 High-geraniol monarda 3.8 Juniapa-hinojo sabalero 3.9 Melissa officinalis 3.10 Milfoil 3.11 Ninde 3.12 Patchouli 3.13 Tarragon 3.14 Wormwood Appendix I - Summary of various applications of minor essential oil crops Part IV - Minor oil crops general appendix Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Shell Oil and the Politics of Hype
There is little doubt in my mind that Doyle is one of our greatest assets, as an investigative writer on these matters. Not mentioned is Shell's (and I think BP Amoco's) recent (very predictable?) scaling-back of Solar-PV production, supposedly in response to market conditions. This is, perhaps, a cashing-in on the decade or two they've spent positioning themselves as big players in that field, so they can control its growth. It is the worst thing I can think of that they've done, recently. I'd have to know more, though, to view Shell (a giant organization in which hundreds of thousands participate) as skeptically as we are asked. Well, I'll check out the book if possible. Similarly, the oil companies today are giving millions to environmental groups and activists to buy silence and good will. Now comes Jack Doyle, who has just completed a remarkable corporate history of Shell titled Riding the Dragon: Royal Dutch Shell the Fossil Fire. The book is published by the Boston-based Environmental Health Fund and is also available on-line on www.shellfacts.org. In documenting hundreds of cases of human rights abuses, oil pollution, worker injuries and deaths, andthe manufacture of cancer-causing chemicals, Doyle makes the point that Shell and the big oil companies have a lot to hide. And yet, despite all the rhetoric of moving beyond petroleum, they continue to secure long term contracts that tie them to the fossil fuel economy, with all of its geopolitical hazards, all of its human rights abuses, and environmental destruction. Doyle makes the point that while Shell is spending millions of dollars to create the impression that it is a socially and environmentally responsible oil company, the world's second largest oil company remains one of the world's biggest environmental violators. For example, the new Shell refuses to clean up what is now the worlds' largest urban underground oil spill in Durban, South Africa, where more than one million liters of oil have been dumped so far, Doyle reports. The book documents a concerted campaign by Shell to halt critical government reports, rewrite history and cover-up its misdeeds. Since Shell's alleged involvement in the execution of their highest profile critic, Ken Saro-Wiwa of Nigeria, the company has claimed to adopt a new set of principles aimed at reforming their internal practices and re-making their image. Despite an ongoing civil trial in New York on Shell's alleged role in the execution of Saro-Wiwa and other activists, Shell has the temerity to advertise itself as a new company committed to human rights, environmental protection and sustainable development, Doyle said. There is ample reason to be skeptical about this manufactured image, which is wildly at odds with the facts. Don't believe the hype. Put aside the cute little web sites and beany baby tigers. There's nothing new about new Shell, Exxon, and BP. They are bought into the fossil fuel economy. We need to get out. Russell Mokhiber is editor of the Washington, D.C.-based Corporate Crime Reporter. Robert Weissman is editor of the Washington, D.C.-based Multinational Monitor, http://www.multinationalmonitor.org. They are co-authors of Corporate Predators: The Hunt for MegaProfits and the Attack on Democracy (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1999; http://www.corporatepredators.org). (c) Russell Mokhiber and Robert Weissman This article is posted at: http://lists.essential.org/pipermail/corp-focus/2002/000134.html Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] EREN Network News -- 12/04/02
= EREN NETWORK NEWS -- December 4, 2002 A weekly newsletter from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (EREN). http://www.eren.doe.gov/ = Featuring: *News and Events Honda and Toyota Deliver Fuel Cell Cars to California Coleman Powermate Launches Fuel-Cell-Powered Generator Nevada Utility Signs Contracts for Wind, Geothermal Power Report Shows Large Benefits from Energy Star Program Projects to Produce Energy from Waste are Gaining Momentum Religious Groups Seek to Make Driving a Moral Issue *Site News Fuelcell Propulsion Institute *Energy Facts and Tips Renewable Energy Gains Ground as EIA Looks Ahead to 2025 *About this Newsletter -- NEWS AND EVENTS -- Honda and Toyota Deliver Fuel Cell Cars to California Honda Motor Company, Ltd. and Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. both delivered their first fuel-cell-powered cars to customers in California on Monday. The City of Los Angeles took delivery of a Honda FCX, a hydrogen- fueled vehicle that seats four, has a range of up to 170 miles, and performs much like a standard Honda Civic. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. will provide the hydrogen fuel and fueling infrastructure for the city. Los Angeles is leasing the vehicle for $500 per month and plans to lease four more in 2003. Honda plans to lease about 30 vehicles in California and Japan in the next two years, but has no current plans for mass-market sales of fuel cell vehicles. See the December 2nd press release on the Honda Web site at: http://www.hondanews.com/forms/events/index.html?kw=fcx. Meanwhile, Toyota delivered two of its hydrogen-fueled Toyota FCHVs to the University of California (UC), Irvine and UC Davis. Based on the Highlander, a mid-sized SUV, the FCHV combines improved aerodynamics, aluminum components, and a 109-horsepower motor to achieve excellent acceleration and a range of up to 180 miles. Both cars are under 30-month leases to the universities, which are leaders in fuel-cell research. Toyota plans to deliver four more FCHVs to the universities next year. The company has provided more than $2 million in research grants to UC campuses over the past five years, and plans to double that figure over the next three and a half years. See the December 2nd press release on the Toyota Web site at: http://www.toyota.com/about/news/index.html#environment. The combined efforts of Toyota, Honda, the City of Los Angeles, the California Fuel Cell Partnership, and state organizations like the California Air Resources Board and South Coast Air Quality Management Board are leading to the establishment of hydrogen fueling infrastructure in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Los Angeles and Orange counties. According to Toyota, these two model communities will have a network of six refueling stations up and running within the next six months. Toyota's contribution includes a new refueling station at Toyota's national headquarters in Torrance, 40 miles northwest of the UC Irvine campus. See the Stuart Energy press release at: http://www.stuartenergy.com/news/press_releases/press_dec2.html. A fuel-cell-powered bus already hit the streets in Southern California in mid-November. The SunLine Transit Agency, which serves the Palm Springs area, is operating a 50-foot ThunderPower bus, built through a joint venture of Thor Industries and ISE Research. The hydrogen-fueled bus draws on a 75-kilowatt fuel cell from UTC Fuel Cells and is serving a route that will demand 100 miles of travel each day. UTC is also working with the Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium to develop a 200-kilowatt fuel cell power plant for buses. See the UTC Fuel Cells press releases at: http://www.utcfuelcells.com/news/archive/111402.shtml and http://www.utcfuelcells.com/news/archive/02.shtml. The market for fuel cell vehicles has yielded good news for Ballard Power Corporation in recent weeks. Ballard received a $1.88 million order for its Mark 902 fuel-cell engines from an undisclosed automotive company in late November, then signed a three-year supply agreement with Honda on Monday. And according to a new study from Allied Business Intelligence (ABI), the Ballard news is part of a trend: ABI predicts a rapidly growing market that will reach 800,000 fuel cell vehicles worldwide by 2012. See the press releases from Ballard and ABI, all in PDF format only, at: http://www.ballard.com/pdfs/27%20New%20Auto.PDF, http://www.ballard.com/pdfs/28%20Honda.PDF, http://www.alliedworld.com/pdfs/afc02pr.pdf. Coleman Powermate Launches Fuel-Cell-Powered Generator Coleman Powermate, a leading producer of portable power systems and backup power systems, took a major step toward
[biofuels-biz] Re: [biofuel] Small-scale ethanol - Bio fuel business
Keith, Original draft for article at http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml You just posted several press releases from oil companies and these are quite telling. They touch very much the subject of my article. The situation in Poland and the moonshine argument, show the relevance of this discussion. David have already started to think about it and I hope that we get more valuable views. To add to the discussion about centralization versus decentralization risk for Ethanol and biodiesel/SVO, I have done the following tables. I is a topic for discussion and I am not claiming that I got it right on the first time or on my own. The following table is a first attempt to map technical feasibility of fossil to bio fuel replacement. Process:Ethanol Biodiesel SVO Fossil fuel to replace GasolineDiesel oil Diesel oil Potential fossil replacement vehicles morelessless Potential fossil replacement electricitylessmoremore Potential fossil replacement heatinglessmoremore Possible crops lessmoreless Soil sensitivitymorelessless Crop rotation problems morelessless Fuel productivity per acre lessmoremore Possible bi-productslessmoremore Preparation raw materialmorelessless Filtering - pressingyes yes yes Fermentationyes no no Chemical altering or distilling yes yes no Energy to produce morelessless Net energy gain lessmoremore Conversion of end user equipmentyes no yes Current suitable vehicles morelessless Current suitability electricity no yes yes Current suitability heating no yes yes Cost to produce morelessless End use efficiency lessmoremore Needed quantity to replace fossil fuel morelessless Storage timemorelessless Suitable for fossil - bio mix moremoreless Time to general implementation vehicles lessmoremore Time to general implementation electricity morelessless Time to general implementation heating morelessless Suitable for local small scale production yes yes yes Suitable for local large scale production yes yes yes Suitable for existing distribution yes yes yes Large improvements in pollution yes yes yes Biodegradable yes yes yes The following table is a first attempt to map political arguments for centralize/globalize of production. It does not mirror technical realities on all points, it rather deals with possible arguments and perceptions. It is an attempt to evaluate how strong different arguments could be for centralization (excuse: need of trusted suppliers) in different areas. It is not related to facts nor the authors perceptions, it is the authors perception of the effect of the arguments on the general population. Argument for centralization:Developed countries Developing countries Ethanol biodiesel/SVO Ethanol biodiesel/SVO Taxes and government income strong strong strong strong Lobby or bribe (language difference only?) easydifficult easyeasy Alcohol politics (moonshine argument) strong weakweakweak Quality control strong strong weakweak Perception of Production process complexity strong weakweakweak Competence strong weak strong weak Need of large production plants strong weakweakweak Energy independence strong strong strong strong Localization by local
Re: [biofuels-biz] Small-scale ethanol
Keith must still be sleeping :-) Yes, I'm still sleeping. :-) As far as CO2's concerned, it's carbon-neutral - CO2 cycling, not fossil-fuel CO2. CO2 is a greenhouse gas, but the GG emissions that have to be curbed are not those from the natural cycle (else we'd all better stop breathing), but the extra emissions from fossil fuels. As Misha put it, ... huge reserves of carbon, locked deep within the earth since long before we ever evolved, and transfer them into the atmosphere in a tick of geological time. Methane is a more effective greenhouse gas (from 20 to 60 times more effective than CO2, according to various refs), but again, if it's part of the current account it doesn't make any difference. I'm a bit startled by proposals to curb natural methane emissions (cow farts) so we can all go on burning fossil fuels as if there's no tomorrow. Anyway, I don't think not mentioning the CO2 as a greenhouse gas is an omission. Quite a lot of people discuss using it in their greenhouses though, to promote plant growth, and I think some do. If the CO2 released in fermentation of (say) forestry residues or other ligno cellulosics for ethanol production, you'd surely have to compare that to methane released if those materials biodegraded. Methane's a bit more effective as a greenhouse gas (or so I read somewhere). Interesting thought though. David Teal wrote: I have had a car running on home-made ethanol, but abandoned the project in favour of biodiesel, mainly on cost grounds. There is, however, another aspect of ethanol which disquiets. Most proponents cite the carbon dioxide released during fermentation as some sort of advantage, saying it promotes plant growth or can be used to make fizzy drinks. No mention of either: *Its role as a greenhouse gas or *The loss of energy in all that carbon In one sense, fermentation is a cold combustion process so we are squandering a decent part of the energy in the original feedstock sugars. I can't see it as a loss. Carbohydrate is much less valuable than protein, and here you end up with less carbohydrate and more protein, a very good exchange, plus energy in the form of fuel for transport. With some loss - or rather return - of CO2. Compare with biogas production - the fuel is not easily used for transport and you end up with a sludge, allegedly with fertilizer value, but that's questionable. I'm a bit wary of such comparisons though, beyond a certain point - neither is better, it depends on the circumstances. Regards Keith Or have I got it all wrong? David T. -- David Preskett, BSc (Hons.), AIWSc [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/46VHAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Re: [biofuel] Small-scale ethanol - Bio fuel business-Tables
It is difficult to make tables in mail, if you cannot use html. Therefore I also did the tables at the end of, http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml Hakan At 04:08 PM 12/4/2002 +0100, Hakan Falk wrote: Keith, Original draft for article at http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml You just posted several press releases from oil companies and these are quite telling. They touch very much the subject of my article. The situation in Poland and the moonshine argument, show the relevance of this discussion. David have already started to think about it and I hope that we get more valuable views. To add to the discussion about centralization versus decentralization risk for Ethanol and biodiesel/SVO, I have done the following tables. I is a topic for discussion and I am not claiming that I got it right on the first time or on my own. The following table is a first attempt to map technical feasibility of fossil to bio fuel replacement. Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Biofuels hold key to future of British farming
Martin Steele sent me this: á WESTERN MORNING NEWS ~ WEDNESDAY DECEMBER 4 2002 Biofuels hold key to future of British farming National Farmers' Union president Ben Gill writes about the future biofuels hold for British farming and how the industry will develop during the coming century CAST your mind to the future. Vehicles could be running not on diesel, but on oil extracted from a common British crop,. You could be walking on carpets, the fibres of which are made from hemp - and listening to music on headphones made from maize. Sounds far fetched? Believe it or not, this could be reality sooner than you think. why should we bother to develop such Strange-sounding products? The answer is climate change. The British have always worried about the weather,But it Seems that today we have more than good reason. It was once the exception when we had an inch of rain. Yet in the past few weeks alone we have been deluged. People were killed, trains disrupted and the country thrown into chaos in this year's autumn gales. Outside the United Kingdom the ancient cities of Prague, Vienna and Budapest were devastated by recent floods. One third of the entire USA was declared a drought area, while other parts were flooded. In the southern hemisphere, Australia is experishy;encing a severe drought, a leading factor in the outburst of the country's bush fires. á These events are all Symptomatic of climate change - a misunderstood phenomenon which does not mean we shall all soon be enjoying tropical conditions, but one that leads to extreme weather patterns of storm and drought. The effects of climate change on farming have already been pronounced. Crops are literally washed or blown away, or their quality is severely degraded. But climate change will soon disrupt the way we all live our lives.Yet the pace at which these problems are being addressed is lamentable. A cynic might suggest that this is because it is unattractive in the short-term political perspective to address what is a long-term issue. To suggest we need to reduce our dependence on oil, when any significant benefits will not be realised for decades possibly not even in our lifetimes - requires a clear vision of the objectives and an appreciation of the magnitude of the problem. So what's the real problem? A key element is the rising level of carbon dioxide and other pollutant gases in our atmosphere. where are the gases coming from? Simply from our increasing use of fossil fuels, principally oil, as a source of energy - but also as the raw materials for the industrial and consumer goods we conshy;tinue to consume so voraciously. Does this mean that we have to take a backward step in our standard of lving? No, but it does mean we have to be cleverer about how we get our energy and raw materials. That is where British farmers come into the equation. In some countries the production of so-called biofuels from farm crops is already quite well developed. 'Twenty per cent of our arable land could be switched from food to non-food uses' Rapeseed oil can produce a substance called bio-diesel, while sugar's and starchy crops like wheat can be fermented and distilled into bio~ethanol - the equivalent of petrol. With the same tax relief that these other counshy;tries give to alternative fuels - and with smaller tax breaks than those given to liquid petroleum gas in cars - this could be a reality in the United Kingdom in less than two years. Furthermore the extra revenues that the Treashy;sury would derive from the new business activity created from this industry would go a long way to compensating the revenue deficit. More than 10,000 jobs could be created through the growing and processing of this green fuel. The potential is much wider than bio-fuels, though. Sony announced in July the launch of the first Walk-man with a casing made from maize .Fujitsu are also due to follow this development with a laptop that is made from the same product. And trials are taking place using oils, starch and fibres from crops in a whole raft of other ways, from car dashboards to cosmetics to nylon without nitrogen oxide emissions. What we need to ensure is that these, and many other exciting developments, are made from British crops. The potential market is enormous. Twenty per cent of our arable land could be switched from food to non-food uses. So what is holding us up? A lack of direction, a lack of importance and a continuing lack of understanding of the long-term strategic importance of this issue by the Treasury, which continues to focus on short-term issues. We need a coherent Government and EU policy to encourage entrepreneurial development in this whole area. The consequences could be amaizing for rural communities, the environment and society as a whole. Biofuels at Journey to Forever
Re: [biofuels-biz] Shell Oil and the Politics of Hype
Hi MM There is little doubt in my mind that Doyle is one of our greatest assets, as an investigative writer on these matters. Not mentioned is Shell's (and I think BP Amoco's) recent (very predictable? Yes. ) scaling-back of Solar-PV production, supposedly in response to market conditions. I was thinking of you when reading about that. But the book does deal with solar and renewables, though the scaling-back might be too recent. I haven't read it yet, just skimmed the text precis. This is, perhaps, a cashing-in on the decade or two they've spent positioning themselves as big players in that field, so they can control its growth. It is the worst thing I can think of that they've done, recently. It's what Hakan has been saying in Bio fuel business, first web page draft. I'd have to know more, though, to view Shell (a giant organization in which hundreds of thousands participate) as skeptically as we are asked. Well, I'll check out the book if possible. Try this first: Shell wins Greenwash Award http://journeytoforever.org/fyi_previous.html#2211 BP -- Beyond Preposterous http://journeytoforever.org/fyi_previous.html#3012 Regards Keith Similarly, the oil companies today are giving millions to environmental groups and activists to buy silence and good will. Now comes Jack Doyle, who has just completed a remarkable corporate history of Shell titled Riding the Dragon: Royal Dutch Shell the Fossil Fire. The book is published by the Boston-based Environmental Health Fund and is also available on-line on www.shellfacts.org. In documenting hundreds of cases of human rights abuses, oil pollution, worker injuries and deaths, andthe manufacture of cancer-causing chemicals, Doyle makes the point that Shell and the big oil companies have a lot to hide. And yet, despite all the rhetoric of moving beyond petroleum, they continue to secure long term contracts that tie them to the fossil fuel economy, with all of its geopolitical hazards, all of its human rights abuses, and environmental destruction. Doyle makes the point that while Shell is spending millions of dollars to create the impression that it is a socially and environmentally responsible oil company, the world's second largest oil company remains one of the world's biggest environmental violators. For example, the new Shell refuses to clean up what is now the worlds' largest urban underground oil spill in Durban, South Africa, where more than one million liters of oil have been dumped so far, Doyle reports. The book documents a concerted campaign by Shell to halt critical government reports, rewrite history and cover-up its misdeeds. Since Shell's alleged involvement in the execution of their highest profile critic, Ken Saro-Wiwa of Nigeria, the company has claimed to adopt a new set of principles aimed at reforming their internal practices and re-making their image. Despite an ongoing civil trial in New York on Shell's alleged role in the execution of Saro-Wiwa and other activists, Shell has the temerity to advertise itself as a new company committed to human rights, environmental protection and sustainable development, Doyle said. There is ample reason to be skeptical about this manufactured image, which is wildly at odds with the facts. Don't believe the hype. Put aside the cute little web sites and beany baby tigers. There's nothing new about new Shell, Exxon, and BP. They are bought into the fossil fuel economy. We need to get out. Russell Mokhiber is editor of the Washington, D.C.-based Corporate Crime Reporter. Robert Weissman is editor of the Washington, D.C.-based Multinational Monitor, http://www.multinationalmonitor.org. They are co-authors of Corporate Predators: The Hunt for MegaProfits and the Attack on Democracy (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1999; http://www.corporatepredators.org). (c) Russell Mokhiber and Robert Weissman This article is posted at: http://lists.essential.org/pipermail/corp-focus/2002/000134.html Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] ethanol
Is it possible to convert a briggs stratton lawn mower engine to run on ethanol ? If so what is involved ? [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Re: Auto Fuel Taxes
3) that ELECTRIC VEHICLES use the same roads, NEVER pay any fuel taxes to support road maintenance, and still, fear not the revenuer. That is a good question. Steve Spence has raised that issue a couple of times at a couple of forums, and nobody seems to have an answer. (Shhh!) How about a car burning woodgas? No way you'd fool anyone you'd paid taxes on that. A different question is how much, if any, of the road tax revenue goes to maintain roads. One thing that I did see mentioned somewhere is that in Oregon, I think, there was some attempt to add some extra levy to EVs, at registration time I think, to make up for lost revenues that occurred because EVs naturally avoid taxes that other cars pay. In other words, the state seemed to be missing its revenues, that it had gotten used to. If the road tax is *really* a road tax, then I guess EVs should, arguably, be on the same playing field and pay the same taxes. If it is a fuel tax, levied for some other reason, then tough and they should not pay it, in my view. However, taxes are so co-mingled that I could not figure it out quickly. Furthermore, I am not sure that electrcity isn't taxed or otherwise burdened with bureaucracy as well, a tax that gasoline-burners do not have to pay. Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: Auto Fuel Taxes
Fuel taxes are not simply road taxes. The gross receipts get thrown into the general fund and are distributed amongst everything from corporate welfare to social welfare to filling pot holes to funding military budgets to purchasing new information collection systems that can tell anyone in an instant if you're purchasing methanol or aspirin in an instant. This applies not only to state and federally assessed road taxes, but taxes in general, whether on alcohol, bread, cigarettes, grapes, Levis or Lexus'. Few taxes if any can be found that end up solely where they were initially legislated towards. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: murdoch [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Cc: biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com; [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, December 04, 2002 3:12 PM Subject: [biofuels-biz] Re: Auto Fuel Taxes 3) that ELECTRIC VEHICLES use the same roads, NEVER pay any fuel taxes to support road maintenance, and still, fear not the revenuer. That is a good question. Steve Spence has raised that issue a couple of times at a couple of forums, and nobody seems to have an answer. (Shhh!) How about a car burning woodgas? No way you'd fool anyone you'd paid taxes on that. A different question is how much, if any, of the road tax revenue goes to maintain roads. One thing that I did see mentioned somewhere is that in Oregon, I think, there was some attempt to add some extra levy to EVs, at registration time I think, to make up for lost revenues that occurred because EVs naturally avoid taxes that other cars pay. In other words, the state seemed to be missing its revenues, that it had gotten used to. If the road tax is *really* a road tax, then I guess EVs should, arguably, be on the same playing field and pay the same taxes. If it is a fuel tax, levied for some other reason, then tough and they should not pay it, in my view. However, taxes are so co-mingled that I could not figure it out quickly. Furthermore, I am not sure that electrcity isn't taxed or otherwise burdened with bureaucracy as well, a tax that gasoline-burners do not have to pay. Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] biofuels-homebrew problems
Iâve been making BD from WVO for a while (Cottonola brand in Aus), but have problems lately with a skin that rapidly forms on the BD surface after about 5 days of standing. The skin forms extremely quickly when removed by skimming, usually in 1 hour. Ive also use a water scrub to no avail.. any ideas .. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] ethanol
Yep, turn the mixture jet out a little. It needs more fuel on alcohol. Watch the fuel lines and filter. New rubber lines would be a good idea and keep an eye on the neo filter. Thats it. Regards, Terry D. Wilhelm The Revenoor Co. INC Serving The World With Stills [EMAIL PROTECTED], www.revenoor.com Mike Teresa Sundstrom [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:Is it possible to convert a briggs stratton lawn mower engine to run on ethanol ? If so what is involved ? [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. - Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail Plus - Powerful. Affordable. Sign up now [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://webconx.green-trust.org/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Climate Change
Another post from Misha to the Sustainable Agriculture Network Discussion Group (SANET). Has anyone read the fossil-fuels section in Stormy Weather? Howdy, all-- Those of you who prefer science to wishful thinking and corporate propaganda on the matter of human-induced climate change will appreciate these resources. First, and best: /Climate Change and the Global Harvest: Potential Impacts of the Greenhouse Effect on Agriculture/. Cynthia Rosenzweig, Daniel Hillel. Oxford U. P., 1998. ISBN 0-19-508889-1. Cynthia is with the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia U. She is an ag scientist (all three degrees). See these research links for more on GISS's work on climate change, climate forcings, paleoclimate, and more: http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/ Second, I have found this collection very useful: /Global Climate Change and Agricultural Production/. Fakhri Bazzaz, Wim Sombroek. Rome, FAO, 1996. Cloth ISBN 0-471-95763-1. Paper ISBN 0-471-96927-3. See particularly information on changing hydrological cycles, regional vulnerability, and the combined effects of changing CO2, temperature, UV-B radiation, and ozone on crop growth. Third, A nice popular guide--praised by Jim Hansen of NASA/Giss, David Suzuki, and Rev. Sally Bingham (Episcopal Power and Light)--is: /Stormy Weather: 101 Solutions to Global Climate Change/. Guy Dauncey, Patrick Mazza. 2001. ISBN 0-86571-421-5 My favorite sections are Moving toward a world without fossil fuels, and the solutions that highlight the fossil-fuel- and transport-intensive industrial/global food system. Fourth, here in the Pacific Northwest, we have Climate Solutions http://www.climatesolutions.org/ Climate Solutions publications on-line http://www.climatesolutions.org/staging/pages/pubs.html CS's Energy Outreach Center is right here in lovely downtown Olympia. The purpose of the Center is to acquaint you with some of the major considerations when building, buying, or remodeling a home while having minimum impact on the environment. The energy-saving materials and ideas not only save energy, therefore saving money, they also help to save the planet from pollution, wasteful use of non-renewable resources, and ultimately, dangerous climate changes. WARNING! Using these resources will remove the potential for smug ignorance or comforting ourselves with fairy tales. Like how it doesn't make any difference to the atmosphere's chemistry, when humans take huge reserves of carbon, locked deep within the earth since long before we ever evolved, and transfer them into the atmosphere in a tick of geological time. These resources also convert whistling in the dark into singing in a new key, so only those with a truly musical soul should use them. :^) peace mish Michele Gale-Sinex Home office: 360-459-5683 Home office fax: Same as above, phone first for enabling ~~~ The Earth is not dying, it is being killed, and those who are killing it have names and addresses. -Utah Philips Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Lomborg - was Re: [biofuel] addendum to my last post
Hello Thor There's an apt picture of Bjorn Lomborg, author (perpetrator?) of The Skeptical Environmentalist here: http://www.anti-lomborg.com/ :-) The local troll at the SANET sustag group was pushing Lomborg recently as jolly good sensible stuff, and Misha Gale-Sinex, slightly irked, posted this: Howdy, all-- Regarding assistant professor of statistics Bjorn Lomborg's now-dated and discredited honkings about topics well outside his area of expertise (i.e., biology, meteorology, ecology, climate science, zoology, forestry, economics, public health, energy), see the following scientists' views. One could choose to characterize every one of them as environmentalists and thus dismiss them all as ideological. I'd say that choice reflects a psychological inclination (the common bipolar disorder, A versus B thinking), not clear reasoning nor an interest in understanding the complexities of human impacts on the fabric of terrestrial life. http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.html Lomborg's own colleagues and Danish scientists distance themselves from him. This is their statement. http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.Sorensen.pdf Resources: Lomborg's claims are untrue and dangerous Henning S¿rensen, Professor, dr.phil., former President of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Department of Geology, University of Copenhagen. http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.Fjeldsaa.pdf Species' extinction: Lomborg's facts are absurd and irrelevant Jon Fjeldsaa, Professor, dr. scient., Vertebrate Department, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.Schou.pdf Economics: Clean growth is not proven Poul Schou, MSc in economics, Ph.D. student at the Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen. http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.Gundersen.et.al.pdf Forest die-back: Acid rain is not a myth Per Gundersen, Senior Researcher, Research Center for Forrest and Landscape (FSL), J. Bo Larsen, Professor, Royal Agricultural University (KVL); Lars Bo Pedersen, Senior Researcher, FSL and Karsten Raulund Rasmussen, Chief Researcher, FSL. http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.Astrup%20Jensen.pdf Pesticides: Associate Professor always gets the last word Allan Astrup Jensen, Research Director, DK-Teknik. http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.Grandjean.pdf Breast cancer: Lomborg's errors Philippe Grandjean, Professor, dr.med., Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark. http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.Jorgens.Fedders.pdf Climate change: Greenhouse effect created by humans: Myth or reality? Anne Mette K. J¿rgensen, Ph.D., Head of Research Department, Denmarks Meteorological Institute (DMI) and Henrik Feddersen, Ph.D., Danish Climate Centre, DMI. http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.Skou%20Andersen.pdf Climate and cost-benefit: Lomborg's precarious model Mikael Skou Andersen, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Department of Political Science, University of Aarhus. http://www.au.dk/~cesamat/debate.Politica.pdf Book Review, Politica 1/1999 Bj¿rn Lomborg: Verdens sande tilstand (The True State of the World), Viby: Centrum, 1998 (Politica is the scientific journal for political science in Denmark). http://www.gristmagazine.com/grist/books/wilson121201.asp Lomborg's estimate of extinction rates is at odds with the vast majority of respected scholarship on extinction. Biologist E.O. Wilson -- two-time Pulitzer prize winner, discoverer of hundreds of new species, and one of the world's greatest living scientists. http://www.gristmagazine.com/grist/books/schneider121201.asp What a monumental waste of busy people's time countering the scores upon scores of strawmen, misquotes, unbalanced statements, and selective inattention to the full literature. Stephen H. Schneider, one of the foremost climate scientists in the United States. http://www.gristmagazine.com/grist/books/myers121201.asp Lomborg ignores or is ignorant of much of the work on extinction rates a man who demonstrates repeatedly that he is not acquainted with the basics of the issue. Norman Myers, an Honorary Visiting Fellow of Oxford University, a member of the U.S. National Academy of the Sciences, and a recipient of several of the world's most prestigious environmental awards, looking at Lomborg on biodiversity. http://www.gristmagazine.com/grist/books/brown121201.asp Lomborg's fellow faculty members are concerned that his work does not satisfy basic academic standards. Other reviewers have pointed out that he has never published a single article in a refereed scientific journal. Lester R. Brown, founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute, reviews Lomborg on population. http://www.gristmagazine.com/grist/books/matthews121201.asp Lomborg's interpretation of global forest cover and Indonesian forest fires are just two examples of the incomplete and superficial analyses that underpin too much of this book. Emily Matthews, a forest expert and senior associate with
[biofuel] Minor oil crops
Full-text online: http://www.fao.org/inpho/vlibrary/x0043e/x0043e00.htm Minor oil crops Part I - Edible oils Part II - Non-edible oils Part III - Essential oils Table of Contents FAO AGRICULTURAL SERVICES BULLETIN No. 94 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1992 prepared by B.L. Axtell from research by R.M. Fairman Intermediate Technology Development Group Rugby, UK The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-17 ISBN 92-5-103128-2 Copyright Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is hereby granted without fee and without a formal request provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and full citation on the first page. Copyright for components of this work owned by others than FAO must be honoured. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or fee. Request permission to publish from: The Chief Editor, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy, e-mail:[EMAIL PROTECTED] (c) FAO 1992 Contents Preface Abbreviations Introduction Principals of extraction Part I - Minor edible oil crops Individual monographs 1.1 Argan 1.2 Avocado 1.3 Babassu palm 1.4 Balanites 1.5 Borneo tallow nut 1.6 Brazil nut 1.7 Caryocar spp 1.8 Cashew nut 1.9 Chinese vegetable tallow 1.10 Cohune palm 1.11 Cucurbitaceae Bottle gourd Buffalo gourd Fluted pumpkin Marrow Smooth loofah 1.12 Grapeseed 1.13 Illipe 1.14 Kusum 1.15 Macadamia nuts 1.16 Mango seed 1.17 Noog abyssinia 1.18 Nutmeg 1.19 Perilla 1.20 Pili nut 1.21 Rice bran 1.22 Sacha inche 1.23 Seje 1.24 Shea nut 1.25 Teased Appendix I - Summary of various applications of minor edible oil groups Appendix II - Research and development institutions Part II - Minor non-edible oil crops I. Individual monographs 2.1 Allanblackia 2.2 Almond 2.3 Chaulmoogra 2.4 Cuphea spp. 2.5 Jatropa curgas 2.6 Karanja seed 2.7 Neem 2.8 Papaya 2.9 Tonka bean 2.10 Tung 2.11 Ucuuba Appendix I - Summary of various applications of minor non-edible oil crops Part III - Minor essential oil crops I. Introduction II. Distillation of essential oils 2.1 Raw materials / processing 2.2 Types of distillation 2.3 Storage and packaging III. Individual monographs 3.1 Cajuput 3.2 Clausena anisata 3.3 Davana 3.4 Galbanum natural oleoresin 3.5 German chamomile 3.6 Hexastylis 3.7 High-geraniol monarda 3.8 Juniapa-hinojo sabalero 3.9 Melissa officinalis 3.10 Milfoil 3.11 Ninde 3.12 Patchouli 3.13 Tarragon 3.14 Wormwood Appendix I - Summary of various applications of minor essential oil crops Part IV - Minor oil crops general appendix Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] BioD - 70's Mercedes
Lee, I don't own one now - just noticed that they were very inexpensive and thought it might be an option. If I went that route, I would want to run BioD in it. I was looking for someone who was running one with BioD to see if they had any problems. Found a web site that sells parts for Mercs - ww.mercedes-parts-online.com - looked like very reasonable prices. Craig - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2002 7:10 PM Subject: Re: [biofuel] BioD - 70's Mercedes craig, i have a 1980 merc. 300 d. what evperiance are you looking for? I'm looking for a mechanic to help me get it running. It has a rebuilt engine that is good but the fuel injection pump needs to be aligned. lee Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] EREN Network News -- 12/04/02
= EREN NETWORK NEWS -- December 4, 2002 A weekly newsletter from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (EREN). http://www.eren.doe.gov/ = Featuring: *News and Events Honda and Toyota Deliver Fuel Cell Cars to California Coleman Powermate Launches Fuel-Cell-Powered Generator Nevada Utility Signs Contracts for Wind, Geothermal Power Report Shows Large Benefits from Energy Star Program Projects to Produce Energy from Waste are Gaining Momentum Religious Groups Seek to Make Driving a Moral Issue *Site News Fuelcell Propulsion Institute *Energy Facts and Tips Renewable Energy Gains Ground as EIA Looks Ahead to 2025 *About this Newsletter -- NEWS AND EVENTS -- Honda and Toyota Deliver Fuel Cell Cars to California Honda Motor Company, Ltd. and Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. both delivered their first fuel-cell-powered cars to customers in California on Monday. The City of Los Angeles took delivery of a Honda FCX, a hydrogen- fueled vehicle that seats four, has a range of up to 170 miles, and performs much like a standard Honda Civic. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. will provide the hydrogen fuel and fueling infrastructure for the city. Los Angeles is leasing the vehicle for $500 per month and plans to lease four more in 2003. Honda plans to lease about 30 vehicles in California and Japan in the next two years, but has no current plans for mass-market sales of fuel cell vehicles. See the December 2nd press release on the Honda Web site at: http://www.hondanews.com/forms/events/index.html?kw=fcx. Meanwhile, Toyota delivered two of its hydrogen-fueled Toyota FCHVs to the University of California (UC), Irvine and UC Davis. Based on the Highlander, a mid-sized SUV, the FCHV combines improved aerodynamics, aluminum components, and a 109-horsepower motor to achieve excellent acceleration and a range of up to 180 miles. Both cars are under 30-month leases to the universities, which are leaders in fuel-cell research. Toyota plans to deliver four more FCHVs to the universities next year. The company has provided more than $2 million in research grants to UC campuses over the past five years, and plans to double that figure over the next three and a half years. See the December 2nd press release on the Toyota Web site at: http://www.toyota.com/about/news/index.html#environment. The combined efforts of Toyota, Honda, the City of Los Angeles, the California Fuel Cell Partnership, and state organizations like the California Air Resources Board and South Coast Air Quality Management Board are leading to the establishment of hydrogen fueling infrastructure in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Los Angeles and Orange counties. According to Toyota, these two model communities will have a network of six refueling stations up and running within the next six months. Toyota's contribution includes a new refueling station at Toyota's national headquarters in Torrance, 40 miles northwest of the UC Irvine campus. See the Stuart Energy press release at: http://www.stuartenergy.com/news/press_releases/press_dec2.html. A fuel-cell-powered bus already hit the streets in Southern California in mid-November. The SunLine Transit Agency, which serves the Palm Springs area, is operating a 50-foot ThunderPower bus, built through a joint venture of Thor Industries and ISE Research. The hydrogen-fueled bus draws on a 75-kilowatt fuel cell from UTC Fuel Cells and is serving a route that will demand 100 miles of travel each day. UTC is also working with the Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium to develop a 200-kilowatt fuel cell power plant for buses. See the UTC Fuel Cells press releases at: http://www.utcfuelcells.com/news/archive/111402.shtml and http://www.utcfuelcells.com/news/archive/02.shtml. The market for fuel cell vehicles has yielded good news for Ballard Power Corporation in recent weeks. Ballard received a $1.88 million order for its Mark 902 fuel-cell engines from an undisclosed automotive company in late November, then signed a three-year supply agreement with Honda on Monday. And according to a new study from Allied Business Intelligence (ABI), the Ballard news is part of a trend: ABI predicts a rapidly growing market that will reach 800,000 fuel cell vehicles worldwide by 2012. See the press releases from Ballard and ABI, all in PDF format only, at: http://www.ballard.com/pdfs/27%20New%20Auto.PDF, http://www.ballard.com/pdfs/28%20Honda.PDF, http://www.alliedworld.com/pdfs/afc02pr.pdf. Coleman Powermate Launches Fuel-Cell-Powered Generator Coleman Powermate, a leading producer of portable power systems and backup power systems, took a major step toward
Re: [biofuel] Small-scale ethanol - Bio fuel business
Keith, Original draft for article at http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml You just posted several press releases from oil companies and these are quite telling. They touch very much the subject of my article. The situation in Poland and the moonshine argument, show the relevance of this discussion. David have already started to think about it and I hope that we get more valuable views. To add to the discussion about centralization versus decentralization risk for Ethanol and biodiesel/SVO, I have done the following tables. I is a topic for discussion and I am not claiming that I got it right on the first time or on my own. The following table is a first attempt to map technical feasibility of fossil to bio fuel replacement. Process:Ethanol Biodiesel SVO Fossil fuel to replace GasolineDiesel oil Diesel oil Potential fossil replacement vehicles morelessless Potential fossil replacement electricitylessmoremore Potential fossil replacement heatinglessmoremore Possible crops lessmoreless Soil sensitivitymorelessless Crop rotation problems morelessless Fuel productivity per acre lessmoremore Possible bi-productslessmoremore Preparation raw materialmorelessless Filtering - pressingyes yes yes Fermentationyes no no Chemical altering or distilling yes yes no Energy to produce morelessless Net energy gain lessmoremore Conversion of end user equipmentyes no yes Current suitable vehicles morelessless Current suitability electricity no yes yes Current suitability heating no yes yes Cost to produce morelessless End use efficiency lessmoremore Needed quantity to replace fossil fuel morelessless Storage timemorelessless Suitable for fossil - bio mix moremoreless Time to general implementation vehicles lessmoremore Time to general implementation electricity morelessless Time to general implementation heating morelessless Suitable for local small scale production yes yes yes Suitable for local large scale production yes yes yes Suitable for existing distribution yes yes yes Large improvements in pollution yes yes yes Biodegradable yes yes yes The following table is a first attempt to map political arguments for centralize/globalize of production. It does not mirror technical realities on all points, it rather deals with possible arguments and perceptions. It is an attempt to evaluate how strong different arguments could be for centralization (excuse: need of trusted suppliers) in different areas. It is not related to facts nor the authors perceptions, it is the authors perception of the effect of the arguments on the general population. Argument for centralization:Developed countries Developing countries Ethanol biodiesel/SVO Ethanol biodiesel/SVO Taxes and government income strong strong strong strong Lobby or bribe (language difference only?) easydifficult easyeasy Alcohol politics (moonshine argument) strong weakweakweak Quality control strong strong weakweak Perception of Production process complexity strong weakweakweak Competence strong weak strong weak Need of large production plants strong weakweakweak Energy independence strong strong strong strong Localization by local
[biofuel] Re: [biofuels-biz] Small-scale ethanol
Keith must still be sleeping :-) Yes, I'm still sleeping. :-) As far as CO2's concerned, it's carbon-neutral - CO2 cycling, not fossil-fuel CO2. CO2 is a greenhouse gas, but the GG emissions that have to be curbed are not those from the natural cycle (else we'd all better stop breathing), but the extra emissions from fossil fuels. As Misha put it, ... huge reserves of carbon, locked deep within the earth since long before we ever evolved, and transfer them into the atmosphere in a tick of geological time. Methane is a more effective greenhouse gas (from 20 to 60 times more effective than CO2, according to various refs), but again, if it's part of the current account it doesn't make any difference. I'm a bit startled by proposals to curb natural methane emissions (cow farts) so we can all go on burning fossil fuels as if there's no tomorrow. Anyway, I don't think not mentioning the CO2 as a greenhouse gas is an omission. Quite a lot of people discuss using it in their greenhouses though, to promote plant growth, and I think some do. If the CO2 released in fermentation of (say) forestry residues or other ligno cellulosics for ethanol production, you'd surely have to compare that to methane released if those materials biodegraded. Methane's a bit more effective as a greenhouse gas (or so I read somewhere). Interesting thought though. David Teal wrote: I have had a car running on home-made ethanol, but abandoned the project in favour of biodiesel, mainly on cost grounds. There is, however, another aspect of ethanol which disquiets. Most proponents cite the carbon dioxide released during fermentation as some sort of advantage, saying it promotes plant growth or can be used to make fizzy drinks. No mention of either: *Its role as a greenhouse gas or *The loss of energy in all that carbon In one sense, fermentation is a cold combustion process so we are squandering a decent part of the energy in the original feedstock sugars. I can't see it as a loss. Carbohydrate is much less valuable than protein, and here you end up with less carbohydrate and more protein, a very good exchange, plus energy in the form of fuel for transport. With some loss - or rather return - of CO2. Compare with biogas production - the fuel is not easily used for transport and you end up with a sludge, allegedly with fertilizer value, but that's questionable. I'm a bit wary of such comparisons though, beyond a certain point - neither is better, it depends on the circumstances. Regards Keith Or have I got it all wrong? David T. -- David Preskett, BSc (Hons.), AIWSc [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/46VHAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Small-scale ethanol - Bio fuel business-Tables
It is difficult to make tables in mail, if you cannot use html. Therefore I also did the tables at the end of, http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml Hakan At 04:08 PM 12/4/2002 +0100, Hakan Falk wrote: Keith, Original draft for article at http://energy.saving.nu/biofuels/biofuelorg.shtml You just posted several press releases from oil companies and these are quite telling. They touch very much the subject of my article. The situation in Poland and the moonshine argument, show the relevance of this discussion. David have already started to think about it and I hope that we get more valuable views. To add to the discussion about centralization versus decentralization risk for Ethanol and biodiesel/SVO, I have done the following tables. I is a topic for discussion and I am not claiming that I got it right on the first time or on my own. The following table is a first attempt to map technical feasibility of fossil to bio fuel replacement. Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Biofuels hold key to future of British farming
Martin Steele sent me this: á WESTERN MORNING NEWS ~ WEDNESDAY DECEMBER 4 2002 Biofuels hold key to future of British farming National Farmers' Union president Ben Gill writes about the future biofuels hold for British farming and how the industry will develop during the coming century CAST your mind to the future. Vehicles could be running not on diesel, but on oil extracted from a common British crop,. You could be walking on carpets, the fibres of which are made from hemp - and listening to music on headphones made from maize. Sounds far fetched? Believe it or not, this could be reality sooner than you think. why should we bother to develop such Strange-sounding products? The answer is climate change. The British have always worried about the weather,But it Seems that today we have more than good reason. It was once the exception when we had an inch of rain. Yet in the past few weeks alone we have been deluged. People were killed, trains disrupted and the country thrown into chaos in this year's autumn gales. Outside the United Kingdom the ancient cities of Prague, Vienna and Budapest were devastated by recent floods. One third of the entire USA was declared a drought area, while other parts were flooded. In the southern hemisphere, Australia is experishy;encing a severe drought, a leading factor in the outburst of the country's bush fires. á These events are all Symptomatic of climate change - a misunderstood phenomenon which does not mean we shall all soon be enjoying tropical conditions, but one that leads to extreme weather patterns of storm and drought. The effects of climate change on farming have already been pronounced. Crops are literally washed or blown away, or their quality is severely degraded. But climate change will soon disrupt the way we all live our lives.Yet the pace at which these problems are being addressed is lamentable. A cynic might suggest that this is because it is unattractive in the short-term political perspective to address what is a long-term issue. To suggest we need to reduce our dependence on oil, when any significant benefits will not be realised for decades possibly not even in our lifetimes - requires a clear vision of the objectives and an appreciation of the magnitude of the problem. So what's the real problem? A key element is the rising level of carbon dioxide and other pollutant gases in our atmosphere. where are the gases coming from? Simply from our increasing use of fossil fuels, principally oil, as a source of energy - but also as the raw materials for the industrial and consumer goods we conshy;tinue to consume so voraciously. Does this mean that we have to take a backward step in our standard of lving? No, but it does mean we have to be cleverer about how we get our energy and raw materials. That is where British farmers come into the equation. In some countries the production of so-called biofuels from farm crops is already quite well developed. 'Twenty per cent of our arable land could be switched from food to non-food uses' Rapeseed oil can produce a substance called bio-diesel, while sugar's and starchy crops like wheat can be fermented and distilled into bio~ethanol - the equivalent of petrol. With the same tax relief that these other counshy;tries give to alternative fuels - and with smaller tax breaks than those given to liquid petroleum gas in cars - this could be a reality in the United Kingdom in less than two years. Furthermore the extra revenues that the Treashy;sury would derive from the new business activity created from this industry would go a long way to compensating the revenue deficit. More than 10,000 jobs could be created through the growing and processing of this green fuel. The potential is much wider than bio-fuels, though. Sony announced in July the launch of the first Walk-man with a casing made from maize .Fujitsu are also due to follow this development with a laptop that is made from the same product. And trials are taking place using oils, starch and fibres from crops in a whole raft of other ways, from car dashboards to cosmetics to nylon without nitrogen oxide emissions. What we need to ensure is that these, and many other exciting developments, are made from British crops. The potential market is enormous. Twenty per cent of our arable land could be switched from food to non-food uses. So what is holding us up? A lack of direction, a lack of importance and a continuing lack of understanding of the long-term strategic importance of this issue by the Treasury, which continues to focus on short-term issues. We need a coherent Government and EU policy to encourage entrepreneurial development in this whole area. The consequences could be amaizing for rural communities, the environment and society as a whole. Biofuel at Journey to Forever:
[biofuel] Useful confusion
Keith, Explanation of useful confusion: It is an expression that I use when somebody does you the favor to come with strong arguments, that make you think harder and work more on the subject. Sometimes it result in that I have to agree on that I was wrong and that is very useful or I have to make my arguments better and that is also very useful. It might be a very personal expression that I developed with time and difficult to understand. But for me it is generally a compliment or and expression of appreciation when I say it. Hakan At 11:18 PM 12/3/2002 +0900, you wrote: Hi Hakan Useful confusion? :-) Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Useful confusion
Keith, Explanation of useful confusion: It is an expression that I use when somebody does you the favor to come with strong arguments, that make you think harder and work more on the subject. Sometimes it result in that I have to agree on that I was wrong and that is very useful or I have to make my arguments better and that is also very useful. It might be a very personal expression that I developed with time and difficult to understand. But for me it is generally a compliment or and expression of appreciation when I say it. Hakan Thankyou Hakan. I like it! Keith At 11:18 PM 12/3/2002 +0900, you wrote: Hi Hakan Useful confusion? :-) Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Auto Fuel Taxes
3) that ELECTRIC VEHICLES use the same roads, NEVER pay any fuel taxes to support road maintenance, and still, fear not the revenuer. That is a good question. Steve Spence has raised that issue a couple of times at a couple of forums, and nobody seems to have an answer. (Shhh!) How about a car burning woodgas? No way you'd fool anyone you'd paid taxes on that. A different question is how much, if any, of the road tax revenue goes to maintain roads. One thing that I did see mentioned somewhere is that in Oregon, I think, there was some attempt to add some extra levy to EVs, at registration time I think, to make up for lost revenues that occurred because EVs naturally avoid taxes that other cars pay. In other words, the state seemed to be missing its revenues, that it had gotten used to. If the road tax is *really* a road tax, then I guess EVs should, arguably, be on the same playing field and pay the same taxes. If it is a fuel tax, levied for some other reason, then tough and they should not pay it, in my view. However, taxes are so co-mingled that I could not figure it out quickly. Furthermore, I am not sure that electrcity isn't taxed or otherwise burdened with bureaucracy as well, a tax that gasoline-burners do not have to pay. Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] SVO database
Very good initiative. Hakan At 03:06 PM 12/4/2002 +, you wrote: The new database for vehicles running on SVO (andWVO) has now clocked up it's first million miles: Total number of veg miles in database= 1,020,100. There are 49 vehicles listed, with different permutations of fuel system. The most common is VW and then Mercedes. Information is accessable, for free and in English, about how these vehicles have faired with SVO. Many thanks to those who have contributed. Thanks also to Darren and Stephan. Please register your own vehicle details if you have not done so already Paddy. http://www.goatindustries.co.uk/fuelsdatabase/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Useful confusion
Hakan: I like it - that's a good one. Edward Beggs On Wednesday, December 4, 2002, at 10:15 AM, Hakan Falk wrote: Keith, Explanation of useful confusion: It is an expression that I use when somebody does you the favor to come with strong arguments, that make you think harder and work more on the subject. Sometimes it result in that I have to agree on that I was wrong and that is very useful or I have to make my arguments better and that is also very useful. It might be a very personal expression that I developed with time and difficult to understand. But for me it is generally a compliment or and expression of appreciation when I say it. Hakan At 11:18 PM 12/3/2002 +0900, you wrote: Hi Hakan Useful confusion? :-) Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] reposting acid-base liter batch information
This weekend I was fighting a flu and consequently was too doped up on NyQuil-type medications Friday night to make up a sample of step 1 of the 2-stage acid-base process to use in our biodiesel class saturday morning. So we never covered the second step of acid-base two-stage, no doubt disappointing everyone. I'm finding that people who are otherwise completely competent figuring out single-stage concepts on their own, get really excited about seeing two-stage acid-base done 'live' - they've been unwilling to try it as it seems a little intimidating on paper. I think that more importantly, (due to the additional heating required), that the equipment for doing liter batches isn't as obvious as just using a blender for single-stage liter experiments. As people have pointed out here before, figuring out equipment for small experimental batches of this process would be valuable. I think a lot more people would be willing to try it if they could use some simple equipment for their first go at it. So I wanted to re-post this bit by Todd Swearingen from last spring- it's directions on making a 1-liter batch of acid-base two-stage with a couple of variations. I want to post it again as I think it's really useful for people to have step-by step directions on doing this with really small batches. How about a version of something like this (1-liter two-stage, whether with this equipment or some other setup) on Journey to forever, Keith? I don't exactly agree with his using a gas stove as his heater for this, I use an electric hotplate for my own 10-liter test batches and I think that staying away from flames is necessary for safety. We talked here recently about using some other heating gear- I think a crockpot slow-cooker might be useful (especially if used as a water bath or double boiler apparatus like the one outlined below) and I also think that other immersion heaters (with different agitation equipment) - immersion heaters for aquariums, for instance), might work well for making up small-batch test apparatus. Mark Here's the message in the archive (sorry I just couldn't find it in the nnytech archive, so here's the Yahell version) http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biofuel/message/13115 Message 13115 of 18408 From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED] Date: Thu Apr 25, 2002 8:58 pm Subject: Results on Revised 2 Stage Acid/Base Method We've been doing some testing on acid/base reactions lately, trying to reduce process stream problems when we gear up for larger volumes. The following is the outcome of some of the testing, based primarily on Aleks Kac's revised method. Rumor has it that many people seem to have problems with the process. So I thought that posting some information may be of benefit. If anyone were to ask me, I'd say Aleks has provided a valuable service in making esterification knowledge more broadly known to the general public...deserving at minimum some healthy recognition in the Biodiesel Hall of Fame. Todd ... 4/25/2002 The following is a derivation of Alex Kac's revised 2 stage, acid/base catalysis of waste vegetable oil into methyl esters, presently posted at http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_aleksnew.html There are a few alterations of method, which include; 1) The use of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the base, rather than NaOH, as the final intent is base recovery in the form of potassium phosphate salts. 2) An elevated processing temperature of 135*F, as this was the most easily maintained temp using lowest possible heat settings on a gas range, with a half-filled 5 gallon water bath. (This is not a brilliant maneuver and we can accept no responsibility for anyone who would be equally as stupid as to use an open flame heat source in the presence of alcohol or similar combustibles.) 3) A twelve hour acid stage reaction/settling period at an elevated temperature of 135* F. 4) Separation of the base stage into three distinct steps. Equipment on hand was; One generic candy thermometer, 80*F - 400*F range. One 2 liter PET soda bottle as a reaction vessel. One pop-up cap, easily found on sports drink and 1 liter bottled water at the grocery One 1ml pipette One 50ml beaker One 1,000ml beaker One 5 gallon stew pot as a water bath, including the following; Six quart mason jars One large dinner plate One small dinner plate
