[Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
It is apparent that a lot of energy is required to initiate the nuclear reaction in ECAT type devices. This problem is always a sticking point for the skeptical point of view and certainly makes the process seem less likely to most of us in the other camp. I proposed the possibility of cosmic rays acting as the trigger for the reactions since they are known to be very energetic and always present. If you think about explosives in general, it is evident that they could in theory self explode under the right circumstances. Nitroglycerin comes immediately to mind when I think of a really nasty substance to play with. A drop of this material hitting a surface from a short fall will explode violently. This is an example of a triggered explosion which must have interesting characteristics in order to occur. Plain old fashioned black gunpowder is another example of a triggered explosive material that is quite stable under normal circumstances. You can place a match onto a small pile of the powder and it will just lay there and burn for a while until the entire mass of material erupts rapidly with a bright flash. The initiation process for these two materials must depend upon the geometry and energy release characteristics. I am not an expert on explosives but have given consideration to the process that I assume leads to a mass explosive event. In the case of the gunpowder, I consider the reaction to be started by the application of heat energy to a small region of the material. The heat energy is sufficient to cause a tiny portion of the powder to ignite and release additional heat. This relatively large heat energy must escape the small volume through the surface area surrounding it. If the burn is to continue, then the heat escaping the initial volume must be sufficient to ignite more material at the surface to continue the process. If there is insufficient heat to ignite the new material then the burn would die out and there would be no explosion. This model that I have envisioned would tend to suggest that there would be a minimum volume of initial burning material required in order to achieve an explosive event. Heat is generated throughout the volume while it escapes through the surface area. This is where the story might get interesting. Chemical energy released by burning of a material such as black powder is many thousands if not millions of times less than that released by a fusion reaction and I would expect the differences to show up clearly. One of the main differences I would expect is for the initiated volume to be many times smaller in the case of fusion than that seen with chemical reactions. Also, the energy required to initiate a fusion reaction could be concentrated into the region occupied by the nickel atom and the adjacent hydrogen nuclei and might be available in the form of cosmic ray interactions. I suspect that we all would agree that there is sufficient energy contained within a cosmic ray to overcome the coulomb repulsion barrier. If the fusion of a nickel atom and a hydrogen nucleus is possible as a result of the interaction of a cosmic ray, then it seems that we have achieved a trigger that might result in additional reactions if sufficient energy is released. The time domain release nature of the induced energy as well as the form it takes could be the reason for continued reactions. Most of the information available suggests that heat is the major form of energy outputted during the LENR events and that this is released after a short delay period instead of instantaneously after the proton is acquired. This delay is fortunate; otherwise an explosion of the entire structure might occur. The pictures of damage to electrodes by pitting suggest that the fusion reaction once initiated prorogates fairly rapidly throughout a significant amount of material before being quenched. There is no need for an instantaneous energy release, but instead it needs to be fast enough to result in metal melting or vaporization that is sufficient to expel material. The hydrogen loading could come into play by being subject to a threshold amount that does not allow adequate heat generation and propagation unless satisfied. I suggest that a trigger mechanism in the form of cosmic rays is available which can initiate a limited number of fusion reactions. The question is whether or not these reactions can propagate within the material to generate a substantial effect. Do we observe hot spots of activity occurring within the nickel that can pinpoint any such behavior? Dave
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
Could this theory explain why e-cat works only at exactly 44.50N, 11.40E ( Via dell'Elettricista, 6http://maps.google.it/maps/place?ftid=0x477e2c9d8f052653:0xbb01c2caaede9d3bq=44.503798,11.402594ved=0CA4Q-gswAAsa=Xei=XyHdTs3zLubRmAWdv_DoBwsig2=MSCvhxqFZtuv5lrCZrt8zw40138 Bologna Italy) and A.R. refuses to run tests in different location ? 2011/12/5 David Roberson dlrober...@aol.com It is apparent that a lot of energy is required to initiate the nuclear reaction in ECAT type devices. This problem is always a sticking point for the skeptical point of view and certainly makes the process seem less likely to most of us in the other camp. I proposed the possibility of cosmic rays acting as the trigger for the reactions since they are known to be very energetic and always present. If you think about explosives in general, it is evident that they could in theory self explode under the right circumstances. Nitroglycerin comes immediately to mind when I think of a really nasty substance to play with. A drop of this material hitting a surface from a short fall will explode violently. This is an example of a triggered explosion which must have interesting characteristics in order to occur. Plain old fashioned black gunpowder is another example of a triggered explosive material that is quite stable under normal circumstances. You can place a match onto a small pile of the powder and it will just lay there and burn for a while until the entire mass of material erupts rapidly with a bright flash. The initiation process for these two materials must depend upon the geometry and energy release characteristics. I am not an expert on explosives but have given consideration to the process that I assume leads to a mass explosive event. In the case of the gunpowder, I consider the reaction to be started by the application of heat energy to a small region of the material. The heat energy is sufficient to cause a tiny portion of the powder to ignite and release additional heat. This relatively large heat energy must escape the small volume through the surface area surrounding it. If the burn is to continue, then the heat escaping the initial volume must be sufficient to ignite more material at the surface to continue the process. If there is insufficient heat to ignite the new material then the burn would die out and there would be no explosion. This model that I have envisioned would tend to suggest that there would be a minimum volume of initial burning material required in order to achieve an explosive event. Heat is generated throughout the volume while it escapes through the surface area. This is where the story might get interesting. Chemical energy released by burning of a material such as black powder is many thousands if not millions of times less than that released by a fusion reaction and I would expect the differences to show up clearly. One of the main differences I would expect is for the initiated volume to be many times smaller in the case of fusion than that seen with chemical reactions. Also, the energy required to initiate a fusion reaction could be concentrated into the region occupied by the nickel atom and the adjacent hydrogen nuclei and might be available in the form of cosmic ray interactions. I suspect that we all would agree that there is sufficient energy contained within a cosmic ray to overcome the coulomb repulsion barrier. If the fusion of a nickel atom and a hydrogen nucleus is possible as a result of the interaction of a cosmic ray, then it seems that we have achieved a trigger that might result in additional reactions if sufficient energy is released. The time domain release nature of the induced energy as well as the form it takes could be the reason for continued reactions. Most of the information available suggests that heat is the major form of energy outputted during the LENR events and that this is released after a short delay period instead of instantaneously after the proton is acquired. This delay is fortunate; otherwise an explosion of the entire structure might occur. The pictures of damage to electrodes by pitting suggest that the fusion reaction once initiated prorogates fairly rapidly throughout a significant amount of material before being quenched. There is no need for an instantaneous energy release, but instead it needs to be fast enough to result in metal melting or vaporization that is sufficient to expel material. The hydrogen loading could come into play by being subject to a threshold amount that does not allow adequate heat generation and propagation unless satisfied. I suggest that a trigger mechanism in the form of cosmic rays is available which can initiate a limited number of fusion reactions. The question is whether or not these reactions can propagate within the material to generate a substantial effect. Do we observe hot spots of activity occurring within the nickel that
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
Andrea Selva andreagiuseppe.se...@gmail.com wrote: Could this theory explain why e-cat works only at exactly 44.50N, 11.40E ( Via dell'Elettricista, 6http://maps.google.it/maps/place?ftid=0x477e2c9d8f052653:0xbb01c2caaede9d3bq=44.503798,11.402594ved=0CA4Q-gswAAsa=Xei=XyHdTs3zLubRmAWdv_DoBwsig2=MSCvhxqFZtuv5lrCZrt8zw40138 Bologna Italy) and A.R. refuses to run tests in different location ? I realize this is a joke, but to give a serious answer, the Ampenergo test shown by McKubre was in the U.S., and there have been various successful tests elsewhere, as well as failed tests in Bologna, such as the NASA one. Jokes like this are a little tiresome. Several people have looked for co-incidence between cosmic rays and cold fusion cell performance. Dave Nagel gave a paper about that, using data from Mizuno and others. There does seem to be some slight correlation. - Jed
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
Sorry Jed. I apologize for the quite rude joke. Couldn't resist. By the way I missed this McKubre test in US. Can you tell me more and provide some pointers ? Thanks Andrea -- Forwarded message -- From: Jed Rothwell jedrothw...@gmail.com Date: 2011/12/5 Subject: Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays? To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Andrea Selva andreagiuseppe.se...@gmail.com wrote: Could this theory explain why e-cat works only at exactly 44.50N, 11.40E ( Via dell'Elettricista, 6http://maps.google.it/maps/place?ftid=0x477e2c9d8f052653:0xbb01c2caaede9d3bq=44.503798,11.402594ved=0CA4Q-gswAAsa=Xei=XyHdTs3zLubRmAWdv_DoBwsig2=MSCvhxqFZtuv5lrCZrt8zw40138 Bologna Italy) and A.R. refuses to run tests in different location ? I realize this is a joke, but to give a serious answer, the Ampenergo test shown by McKubre was in the U.S., and there have been various successful tests elsewhere, as well as failed tests in Bologna, such as the NASA one. Jokes like this are a little tiresome. Several people have looked for co-incidence between cosmic rays and cold fusion cell performance. Dave Nagel gave a paper about that, using data from Mizuno and others. There does seem to be some slight correlation. - Jed
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
At 12:24 PM 12/5/2011, Andrea Selva wrote: Sorry Jed. I apologize for the quite rude joke. Couldn't resist. I still think that the eCat's neutrinos are interfering with the LHC's tachyonic neutrino experiment. Or vice-versa. Did you notice that Rossi always lines up the eCats in the same direction?
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
It seems to me that a universal theme in “cold fusion” is a triggering mechanism that releases stored potential energy. In all cases, a “cold fusion” system is a system that is heavily coherent in a quantum mechanical(QM) sense. Potential energy builds up and is stored by these coherent atoms. When one of these coherent atoms becomes QM decoherent and leaves the QM assemblage through the action of a trigger, it releases this potential energy over the entire QM assemblage. This averaging tends to transform and lower the intensity of the energy spike over the entire assemblage to thermal levels. Such triggers can be in the form of a laser pulse, an electric spark, a high energy particle, a phonon in a metal lattice, a mechanical shock… This trigger can precipitate a cascade of potential energy conversion to kinetic energy release such as has been seen in a Mills or an Arata powder, or it could be a continuing phonon based thermalization process as has been seen in a Piantelli or Rossi system. On Mon, Dec 5, 2011 at 2:14 PM, David Roberson dlrober...@aol.com wrote: It is apparent that a lot of energy is required to initiate the nuclear reaction in ECAT type devices. This problem is always a sticking point for the skeptical point of view and certainly makes the process seem less likely to most of us in the other camp. I proposed the possibility of cosmic rays acting as the trigger for the reactions since they are known to be very energetic and always present. If you think about explosives in general, it is evident that they could in theory self explode under the right circumstances. Nitroglycerin comes immediately to mind when I think of a really nasty substance to play with. A drop of this material hitting a surface from a short fall will explode violently. This is an example of a triggered explosion which must have interesting characteristics in order to occur. Plain old fashioned black gunpowder is another example of a triggered explosive material that is quite stable under normal circumstances. You can place a match onto a small pile of the powder and it will just lay there and burn for a while until the entire mass of material erupts rapidly with a bright flash. The initiation process for these two materials must depend upon the geometry and energy release characteristics. I am not an expert on explosives but have given consideration to the process that I assume leads to a mass explosive event. In the case of the gunpowder, I consider the reaction to be started by the application of heat energy to a small region of the material. The heat energy is sufficient to cause a tiny portion of the powder to ignite and release additional heat. This relatively large heat energy must escape the small volume through the surface area surrounding it. If the burn is to continue, then the heat escaping the initial volume must be sufficient to ignite more material at the surface to continue the process. If there is insufficient heat to ignite the new material then the burn would die out and there would be no explosion. This model that I have envisioned would tend to suggest that there would be a minimum volume of initial burning material required in order to achieve an explosive event. Heat is generated throughout the volume while it escapes through the surface area. This is where the story might get interesting. Chemical energy released by burning of a material such as black powder is many thousands if not millions of times less than that released by a fusion reaction and I would expect the differences to show up clearly. One of the main differences I would expect is for the initiated volume to be many times smaller in the case of fusion than that seen with chemical reactions. Also, the energy required to initiate a fusion reaction could be concentrated into the region occupied by the nickel atom and the adjacent hydrogen nuclei and might be available in the form of cosmic ray interactions. I suspect that we all would agree that there is sufficient energy contained within a cosmic ray to overcome the coulomb repulsion barrier. If the fusion of a nickel atom and a hydrogen nucleus is possible as a result of the interaction of a cosmic ray, then it seems that we have achieved a trigger that might result in additional reactions if sufficient energy is released. The time domain release nature of the induced energy as well as the form it takes could be the reason for continued reactions. Most of the information available suggests that heat is the major form of energy outputted during the LENR events and that this is released after a short delay period instead of instantaneously after the proton is acquired. This delay is fortunate; otherwise an explosion of the entire structure might occur. The pictures of damage to electrodes by pitting suggest that the fusion reaction once initiated prorogates fairly rapidly throughout a significant amount
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
In reply to Axil Axil's message of Mon, 5 Dec 2011 15:46:07 -0500: Hi, [snip] When one of these coherent atoms becomes QM decoherent and leaves the QM assemblage through the action of a trigger, it releases this potential energy over the entire QM assemblage. Surely the energy of any one atom would be small, and if released over the entire assemblage would result in a truly minute amount being deposited with each member? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
Andrea Selva andreagiuseppe.se...@gmail.com wrote: By the way I missed this McKubre test in US. Can you tell me more and provide some pointers ? See: http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l%40eskimo.com/msg58130.html - Jed
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
I personally think that the evidence points toward small regions of heat generation such as hot spots. The fantastic pictures of electrode pitting looks so much like the craters left after an explosion with their typical conical shape scream out to me that this is a localized effect. The use of small micron sized particles of nickel by Rossi also tends to point toward smaller active points. What evidence is there that the entire metallic structure is behaving in a QM assemblage other than the theories that attempt to allow the large energy requirement for reaction to accumulate in a small local? Perhaps we need to find a method that does not require that amount of cooperation. Dave -Original Message- From: Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Mon, Dec 5, 2011 3:46 pm Subject: Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays? It seems to me that a universal theme in “cold fusion” is a triggering mechanism that releases stored potential energy. In all cases, a “cold fusion” system is a system that is heavily coherent in a quantum mechanical(QM) sense. Potential energy builds up and is stored by these coherent atoms. When one of these coherent atoms becomes QM decoherent and leaves the QM assemblage through the action of a trigger, it releases this potential energy over the entire QM assemblage. This averaging tends to transform and lower the intensity of the energy spike over the entire assemblage to thermal levels. Such triggers can be in the form of a laser pulse, an electric spark, a high energy particle, a phonon in a metal lattice, a mechanical shock… This trigger can precipitate a cascade of potential energy conversion to kinetic energy release such as has been seen in a Mills or an Arata powder, or it could be a continuing phonon based thermalization process as has been seen in a Piantelli or Rossi system. On Mon, Dec 5, 2011 at 2:14 PM, David Roberson dlrober...@aol.com wrote: It is apparent that a lot of energy is required to initiate the nuclear reaction in ECAT type devices. This problem is always a sticking point for the skeptical point of view and certainly makes the process seem less likely to most of us in the other camp. I proposed the possibility of cosmic rays acting as the trigger for the reactions since they are known to be very energetic and always present. If you think about explosives in general, it is evident that they could in theory self explode under the right circumstances. Nitroglycerin comes immediately to mind when I think of a really nasty substance to play with. A drop of this material hitting a surface from a short fall will explode violently. This is an example of a triggered explosion which must have interesting characteristics in order to occur. Plain old fashioned black gunpowder is another example of a triggered explosive material that is quite stable under normal circumstances. You can place a match onto a small pile of the powder and it will just lay there and burn for a while until the entire mass of material erupts rapidly with a bright flash. The initiation process for these two materials must depend upon the geometry and energy release characteristics. I am not an expert on explosives but have given consideration to the process that I assume leads to a mass explosive event. In the case of the gunpowder, I consider the reaction to be started by the application of heat energy to a small region of the material. The heat energy is sufficient to cause a tiny portion of the powder to ignite and release additional heat. This relatively large heat energy must escape the small volume through the surface area surrounding it. If the burn is to continue, then the heat escaping the initial volume must be sufficient to ignite more material at the surface to continue the process. If there is insufficient heat to ignite the new material then the burn would die out and there would be no explosion. This model that I have envisioned would tend to suggest that there would be a minimum volume of initial burning material required in order to achieve an explosive event. Heat is generated throughout the volume while it escapes through the surface area. This is where the story might get interesting. Chemical energy released by burning of a material such as black powder is many thousands if not millions of times less than that released by a fusion reaction and I would expect the differences to show up clearly. One of the main differences I would expect is for the initiated volume to be many times smaller in the case of fusion than that seen with chemical reactions. Also, the energy required to initiate a fusion reaction could be concentrated into the region occupied by the nickel atom and the adjacent hydrogen nuclei and might be available in the form of cosmic ray interactions. I suspect that we all would agree that there is sufficient energy contained within a cosmic
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
I speculate that when a coherent proton who is a member of a large coherent ensemble of protons penetrates the nucleus of a nickel atom, this nickel atom will retain the energy of the nuclear reaction as potential energy. When a thermal phonon that propagates in the nickel lattice perturbs this atom into decoherence, the potential energy of this nuclear reaction will be released over the entire proton assemblage thereby transforming a erstwhile megavolt energy release into many kilovolt releases over the entire coherent assemblage. In heavily coherent QM systems as per Piantelli or Rossi, coherence will be immediately reestablished and other nuclear based energy producing reactions will occur and stored as potential energy. Increasing heat in the system will further increase QM decoherence and result in more potential energy transformation to kinetic energy. As in the Mills and Arata systems, with no lattice heating, no potential energy transformations to kinetic energy will occur until a trigger sets off a QM chain reaction. Regards, Axil On Mon, Dec 5, 2011 at 3:54 PM, mix...@bigpond.com wrote: In reply to Axil Axil's message of Mon, 5 Dec 2011 15:46:07 -0500: Hi, [snip] When one of these coherent atoms becomes QM decoherent and leaves the QM assemblage through the action of a trigger, it releases this potential energy over the entire QM assemblage. Surely the energy of any one atom would be small, and if released over the entire assemblage would result in a truly minute amount being deposited with each member? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
This morning, I ran across a truly classy cold fusion joke appearing in Charles Beaudette's book Excess Heat in that book's appendix: The Internet Noise Level written as a letter to Dr. I. M. Noteworthy. I was delighted to see Beaudette's association of the word noise with internet regarding cold fusion, as I had just recently been able to silence a particular noise box here to achieve a remarkable rise in the S/N ratio. Its too bad there aren't more I refuse to look through your telescope, Mr. Galileo jokes. It does not bode well for the future of classy jokes such as Beaudette's. On Mon, Dec 5, 2011 at 2:24 PM, Andrea Selva andreagiuseppe.se...@gmail.com wrote: Sorry Jed. I apologize for the quite rude joke. Couldn't resist. By the way I missed this McKubre test in US. Can you tell me more and provide some pointers ? Thanks Andrea -- Forwarded message -- From: Jed Rothwell jedrothw...@gmail.com Date: 2011/12/5 Subject: Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays? To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Andrea Selva andreagiuseppe.se...@gmail.com wrote: Could this theory explain why e-cat works only at exactly 44.50N, 11.40E ( Via dell'Elettricista, 6http://maps.google.it/maps/place?ftid=0x477e2c9d8f052653:0xbb01c2caaede9d3bq=44.503798,11.402594ved=0CA4Q-gswAAsa=Xei=XyHdTs3zLubRmAWdv_DoBwsig2=MSCvhxqFZtuv5lrCZrt8zw40138 Bologna Italy) and A.R. refuses to run tests in different location ? I realize this is a joke, but to give a serious answer, the Ampenergo test shown by McKubre was in the U.S., and there have been various successful tests elsewhere, as well as failed tests in Bologna, such as the NASA one. Jokes like this are a little tiresome. Several people have looked for co-incidence between cosmic rays and cold fusion cell performance. Dave Nagel gave a paper about that, using data from Mizuno and others. There does seem to be some slight correlation. - Jed
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
The crystal structure of transition metal hydrides especially when oxides are involved, leads to imposition of coherent confinement of protons in the hydride crystal structure on the macro level. In some compound, absolutely all the protons are entangled temperature notwithstanding. This macro entanglement has been experimentally verified in potassium bicarbonate. I suspected that this macro proton entanglement occurs in potassium carbonate, the favorite “cold fusion” electrolyte compound. Water has also been found to be heavily entangled. For more theory see: *The Macroscopic Quantum Behavior of Protons **in the KHCO*3 *Crystal: Theory and Experiments* http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/36/96/87/PDF/Fillaux3.pdf On Mon, Dec 5, 2011 at 4:04 PM, David Roberson dlrober...@aol.com wrote: I personally think that the evidence points toward small regions of heat generation such as hot spots. The fantastic pictures of electrode pitting looks so much like the craters left after an explosion with their typical conical shape scream out to me that this is a localized effect. The use of small micron sized particles of nickel by Rossi also tends to point toward smaller active points. What evidence is there that the entire metallic structure is behaving in a QM assemblage other than the theories that attempt to allow the large energy requirement for reaction to accumulate in a small local? Perhaps we need to find a method that does not require that amount of cooperation. Dave -Original Message- From: Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Mon, Dec 5, 2011 3:46 pm Subject: Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays? It seems to me that a universal theme in “cold fusion” is a triggering mechanism that releases stored potential energy. In all cases, a “cold fusion” system is a system that is heavily coherent in a quantum mechanical(QM) sense. Potential energy builds up and is stored by these coherent atoms. When one of these coherent atoms becomes QM decoherent and leaves the QM assemblage through the action of a trigger, it releases this potential energy over the entire QM assemblage. This averaging tends to transform and lower the intensity of the energy spike over the entire assemblage to thermal levels. Such triggers can be in the form of a laser pulse, an electric spark, a high energy particle, a phonon in a metal lattice, a mechanical shock… This trigger can precipitate a cascade of potential energy conversion to kinetic energy release such as has been seen in a Mills or an Arata powder, or it could be a continuing phonon based thermalization process as has been seen in a Piantelli or Rossi system. On Mon, Dec 5, 2011 at 2:14 PM, David Roberson dlrober...@aol.com wrote: It is apparent that a lot of energy is required to initiate the nuclear reaction in ECAT type devices. This problem is always a sticking point for the skeptical point of view and certainly makes the process seem less likely to most of us in the other camp. I proposed the possibility of cosmic rays acting as the trigger for the reactions since they are known to be very energetic and always present. If you think about explosives in general, it is evident that they could in theory self explode under the right circumstances. Nitroglycerin comes immediately to mind when I think of a really nasty substance to play with. A drop of this material hitting a surface from a short fall will explode violently. This is an example of a triggered explosion which must have interesting characteristics in order to occur. Plain old fashioned black gunpowder is another example of a triggered explosive material that is quite stable under normal circumstances. You can place a match onto a small pile of the powder and it will just lay there and burn for a while until the entire mass of material erupts rapidly with a bright flash. The initiation process for these two materials must depend upon the geometry and energy release characteristics. I am not an expert on explosives but have given consideration to the process that I assume leads to a mass explosive event. In the case of the gunpowder, I consider the reaction to be started by the application of heat energy to a small region of the material. The heat energy is sufficient to cause a tiny portion of the powder to ignite and release additional heat. This relatively large heat energy must escape the small volume through the surface area surrounding it. If the burn is to continue, then the heat escaping the initial volume must be sufficient to ignite more material at the surface to continue the process. If there is insufficient heat to ignite the new material then the burn would die out and there would be no explosion. This model that I have envisioned would tend to suggest that there would be a minimum volume of initial burning material required in order to achieve an explosive
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
The biggest source of contemporary cosmic rays has been just identified: http://agile.rm.iasf.cnr.it/doc/AGILE_cosmic-rays_W44_press-release__07b_English.pdf This means that cosmic ray flux is very likely to subject to fluctuations on the long period (comparable to star life), and could come close to zero. Earth has been subject to cosmic rains of different kind during its existence. This kind of trigger would make Ni reactions even more aleatory. But the most important objection is that it could not be used in deep sea (submarines) or little inside Earth crust (mining). mic 2011/12/5 James Bowery jabow...@gmail.com: This morning, I ran across a truly classy cold fusion joke appearing in Charles Beaudette's book Excess Heat in that book's appendix: The Internet Noise Level written as a letter to Dr. I. M. Noteworthy. I was delighted to see Beaudette's association of the word noise with internet regarding cold fusion, as I had just recently been able to silence a particular noise box here to achieve a remarkable rise in the S/N ratio. Its too bad there aren't more I refuse to look through your telescope, Mr. Galileo jokes. It does not bode well for the future of classy jokes such as Beaudette's. On Mon, Dec 5, 2011 at 2:24 PM, Andrea Selva andreagiuseppe.se...@gmail.com wrote: Sorry Jed. I apologize for the quite rude joke. Couldn't resist. By the way I missed this McKubre test in US. Can you tell me more and provide some pointers ? Thanks Andrea -- Forwarded message -- From: Jed Rothwell jedrothw...@gmail.com Date: 2011/12/5 Subject: Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays? To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Andrea Selva andreagiuseppe.se...@gmail.com wrote: Could this theory explain why e-cat works only at exactly 44.50N, 11.40E ( Via dell'Elettricista, 6 40138 Bologna Italy) and A.R. refuses to run tests in different location ? I realize this is a joke, but to give a serious answer, the Ampenergo test shown by McKubre was in the U.S., and there have been various successful tests elsewhere, as well as failed tests in Bologna, such as the NASA one. Jokes like this are a little tiresome. Several people have looked for co-incidence between cosmic rays and cold fusion cell performance. Dave Nagel gave a paper about that, using data from Mizuno and others. There does seem to be some slight correlation. - Jed
Re: [Vo]: ECAT Triggered by Cosmic Rays?
On Dec 5, 2011, at 10:14 AM, David Roberson wrote: It is apparent that a lot of energy is required to initiate the nuclear reaction in ECAT type devices. This problem is always a sticking point for the skeptical point of view and certainly makes the process seem less likely to most of us in the other camp. I proposed the possibility of cosmic rays acting as the trigger for the reactions since they are known to be very energetic and always present. Cosmic rays have been suggested by many people since 1989 as potential triggers of LENR, for various reasons. I suggested this myself in these 1995 and 1996 articles: http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/PartOrb.pdf http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/BoseHyp.pdf The showers of particles from cosmic rays have a good potential to trigger hot fusion reactions, especially muons. Directly initiated high energy fusions are conventional fusions, with conventional branching ratios. To amplify this via cold fusion reactions, ones with low tritium and neutron production, a local lattice volume on the verge of producing LENR has to be in place, and, the low energy reactions are likely triggered by the much lower energy secondary stimuli generated by cosmic ray shower particle impact, such as x- rays, electron flux, or even phonons. This kind of catalysis certainly is feasible I think. That said, it is important to keep in mind that neutron studies of LENR have been conducted deep underground, where cosmic ray background is extremely low. Cosmic rays may stimulate some reactions, i.e. possibly sufficient in some cases, but are not necessary to cold fusion. Stimulant particles to drive LENR can be provided at orders of magnitude higher fluxes by including radioactive dopants in the matrix, dopants like 137Cs (beta), or 241Am (alpha). Particle and/or x-ray stimulation has thus far not produced robust cells with output on the order of Rossi's supposed output. More is required. Best regards, Horace Heffner http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
