RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
In reply to Robin van Spaandonk's message of Fri, 29 Apr 2011 01:03:44 -0700 [snip] ...but AFAIK gas motion is not primarily ZPE driven. It's just the thermal energy of the molecules. So the implication would seem to be that as the energy was extracted, the gas would get colder, until it reached the point where the temperature is maintained by the ZPE (absolute zero?). [/reply] Robin, I replied to this previously but your question is very interesting and my mind keeps returning to the implications it might have for exotic states like the hydrino or fractional hydrogen. I have been supporting an argument that time is a true spatial dimension based on the local perspective of the spatially accelerated twin of Paradox. Said twin can also achieve acceleration equivalently from a massive gravitational well. Both scenarios increase vacuum energy density from the perspective of a remote observer and create a retarding time dilation -[getting late and I don't presently recall how I tied time dilation to energy density but I can resurrect that later if you require], Casimir effect reduces energy density and should therefore create an accelerating time dilation - the time units and therefore the axis shrinks from our perspective but as always everything appears unchanged in the inertial frame regardless if it is positive or negative acceleration. The gas atoms we infuse into these Casimir suppression zones translate to the new energy density courtesy of a quantum effect supplied by the surroundings. You suggested my MAHG-like ZPE extraction theory would exhaust the thermal energy available reducing the gas to liquid or solid state near absolute zero. My reply hasn't changed but the underlying concept of time and space inside a cavity exchanges properties from our perspective outside. The deuterium ice or condensed hydrogen may be the results of this constant thermal drain being spread over many years and copious amounts of space from the perspective inside the cavity - remember that the further confined or fractional the hydrogen becomes the smaller it's time quantum becomes and the larger the existing space therefore appears. I doubt the temperature would ever decline from our perspective since we perceive the returning reactants as having undergone accelerated numbers of reactions in a very brief period of time turning the metric on its head! We are really just turning the same energy upon itself at two different scales, the gas responds to zitter very locally with constant random motion while at another scale the quantum effect of Casimir geometry varies the average energy density. IMHO catalytic disassociation provides the opportunity for an asymmetrical thermal path between bond states and using a cooling loop to extract this energy while reforming h2 is a win-win situation since you can then disassociate the molecules again at a discount when they migrate to a different energy density. The PWM should be able to find populations of suitably displaced fractional molecules where the covalent bond is opposing the desire of the individual atoms to translate to a different energy density such that the thermal energy required to disassociate the molecule is less than the energy released when molecules reform due to the heat extraction. My suspicion is this process would even generate a circulation pattern and even a somewhat dangerous reservoir of h2 for control considerations, I remain undecided on whether a hydrino can leak more easily through a stainless Steele reactor since we have never seen the hydrino or fractional hydrogen outside the qualifying environment provided by the catalyst but I could believe a cold dihydrino or other hydrino compound might retain their temporal axis orientation even when the qualifying suppression is lessened such that they could migrate through the lattice in their fractional state. I don't think it can persist without any suppression and would disassociate outside the lattice or be reduced to some very weak fractional values that the covalent bond can maintain for a short period. Regards Fran
Re: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
In reply to Roarty, Francis X's message of Thu, 28 Apr 2011 10:19:10 -0400: Hi, [snip] provided gratis by the constant motion of gas[ZPE] ...but AFAIK gas motion is not primarily ZPE driven. It's just the thermal energy of the molecules. So the implication would seem to be that as the energy was extracted, the gas would get colder, until it reached the point where the temperature is maintained by the ZPE (absolute zero?). Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/Project.html
Re: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
In reply to Roarty, Francis X's message of Thu, 28 Apr 2011 10:19:10 -0400: Hi, [snip] That's why I was trying to find a form of the time dilation formula[Gamma] already solving for force You might try reverse engineering Einstein's full equation to get the momentum, then you can calculate force from dp/dt. (Assuming you can work a time dependence into it.) Alternatively, try F = dE/dx. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/Project.html
Re: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
In reply to Roarty, Francis X's message of Thu, 28 Apr 2011 13:49:28 -0400: Hi, [snip] The E-cat certainly appears to include nuclear reactions but I don't know if it was ever established that the amount of ash produced was proportional to energy output. It does appear to be at least roughly so. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/Project.html
Re: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
Robin, I agree thermal is the primary source of motion at our scale but ZPE is the inexhaustible source at any scale. Gas and Casimir geometry just happen to have properties we can use to exploit this inexhaustible source. The relativistic interpretation of Casimir effect means that the most fractionalized gas atom [1/137] are actually spatially Decelerated or negatively accelerated from our perspective - just like relativistic space travelers approaching C are spatially accelerated and seem to slow down thru negative dilation from our perspective, the atoms in the cavity are spatially confined and seem to accelerate thru positive dilation from our perspective. The point being that it is always the differential from our perspective but where the energy potential stems from the object accelerating itself to near C in positive dilation the energy in the case of negative dilation comes from the universe surrounding the Casimir device which races away from the decelerated objects inside the shielded / suppressed energy density inside the cavity. The relationship for the fractionalized observer to the non fractionalized observer outside the cavity is exactly the same as our relationship to the Paradox twin. As long as the difference in energy density / nano geometry is maintained you have a relativistic component that amplifies this otherwise hidden energy source. Remember that relativistic effects are invisible locally so these fractionalized atoms are feeling equivalent acceleration due to changes in Casimir geometry and are traveling through what they perceive as normal space (on our time axis) - completing far too many chemical reactions from our perspective for the short time they remained in the cavity but from their own perspective only the normal number of reactions they participated while being inside the cavity for years from their own perspective. This again is why I think a relationship between time dilation in the Gamma formula can be related to the Casimir formula. I have been re-considering Jones Beene's posit about negative energy in a book balancing relationship with nuclear reactions, I was opposed because I was thinking additional energy on top of ZPE but Scott Smith's remark about there being too much copper in the ash for the amount of heat now has me wondering if the two energy sources have to be in opposition..or as Jones described it as an unavoidable nuclear reaction such that the amount of energy derived is the difference between ZPE and nuclear energy released. This might help explain the reduced Gamma as a relativistic nuclear reaction occurring between different vacuum energy densities on an axis we outside the cavity perceive as temporal but inside the cavity is locally perceived as spatial. The copper would indicate a lot of wasted nuclear and ZPE energy cancelling but may be a necessary price to keep the radiation hidden or at least down converted to our frame. I remain unqualified to suggest specific nuclear reactions but I am convinced that atomic and diatomic gas react differently to changes in energy density giving rise to disassociations and sling shot effects where the potential and probability for collisions are greatly enhanced [quantum blender]. Regards Fran mixent Fri, 29 Apr 2011 01:03:44 -0700 In reply to Roarty, Francis X's message of Thu, 28 Apr 2011 10:19:10 -0400: Hi, [snip] provided gratis by the constant motion of gas[ZPE] ...but AFAIK gas motion is not primarily ZPE driven. It's just the thermal energy of the molecules. So the implication would seem to be that as the energy was extracted, the gas would get colder, until it reached the point where the temperature is maintained by the ZPE (absolute zero?). Regards, Robin van Spaandonk
RE: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
Robin , I made the mistake of starting from the bottom of the email replies - your position that the ash is roughly proportional would have balanced Scott Smith's position that there is far too much ash for heat extracted - I made some assumption in my previous reply that were based on the position of there being too much ash. Given your position, I may have been way too pre-mature in speculating the heat extracted could be the difference between the nuclear and ZPE. Regards Fran -Original Message- From: mix...@bigpond.com [mailto:mix...@bigpond.com] Sent: Friday, April 29, 2011 4:09 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: Re: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll In reply to Roarty, Francis X's message of Thu, 28 Apr 2011 13:49:28 -0400: Hi, [snip] The E-cat certainly appears to include nuclear reactions but I don't know if it was ever established that the amount of ash produced was proportional to energy output. It does appear to be at least roughly so. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/Project.html
Re: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
In reply to Roarty, Francis X's message of Fri, 29 Apr 2011 09:37:20 -0400: Hi Fran, [snip] Robin , I made the mistake of starting from the bottom of the email replies - your position that the ash is roughly proportional would have balanced Scott Smith's position that there is far too much ash for heat extracted - I made some assumption in my previous reply that were based on the position of there being too much ash. Given your position, I may have been way too pre-mature in speculating the heat extracted could be the difference between the nuclear and ZPE. Regards Fran I didn't include the word roughly for nothing. It's really still anybody's guess as to whether or not transmutation is actually taking place. Jones may be correct about Copper migration. Perhaps Rossi really is enhancing the Ni62/64 isotopes as he claims (though I can't see why anybody would bother, which leaves me wondering just how trustworthy this info is). The bottom line IMO is that we will just have to wait till more definitive and independent info becomes available. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/Project.html
RE: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
-Original Message- From: mix...@bigpond.com The bottom line IMO is that we will just have to wait till more definitive and independent info becomes available. Robin, Exactamundo. This is precisely why I think that yesterday's announcement of NASA throwing its hat into the Ni-H ring is actually the best News (maybe the only good News) since January 14. Focusing on Rossi now is a waste of time. He made a breakthrough of Mills/Arata/Piantelli but he does NOT have a clue what the underlying principle is IMHO and cannot be relied on to be truthful. Forget Rossi. This arena is wide open. Go for it, vorticians! See if you can figure this one out before NASA has it powering the next launch vehicle. Jones
RE: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
Jones, I agree with most of what you are saying even that we still dispute the need to makeup chemical energy released by catalytic disassociation. ZPE is absolutely based on a negative potential but once you provide a method to rectify this energy (Heisenberg trap) it operates on the absolute difference between two potentials which is positive energy. My point is that some energy can be derived solely from ZPE and chemistry without the need for any nuclear reactions and it could even be of a similar scale. I think this is what Moller and Naudin were pursuing with the MAHG device. We have been programmed to accept that the ZPE in gas motion cannot be exploited because we assumed gravity is isotropic but that changes in Cavity QED where we can suddenly exploit differences in inertial frames without the need for near luminal velocity...in fact what velocity there is to move the h1 and h2 between frames is provided gratis by the constant motion of gas[ZPE]. If you add in the relativistic interpretation of Casimir effect the frequency of these disassociations suddenly scales at an almost unlimited rate [terahertz +] based on A/a^4 [plate area over separation^4] . That's why I was trying to find a form of the time dilation formula[Gamma] already solving for force so I could make it directly equal to the Casimir formula and get an idea for just how much acceleration and how dynamically it changes inside the array of geometry created by real Casimir materials. Once the formulas for positive changes in energy density [Gamma] seen in near luminal objects are related to negative changes seen in nano geometry [Casimir] it becomes possible to solve in terms of each other's variables. I think rapid changes in equivalent acceleration [jerk] occur due to Casimir geometry and are responsible for the property we call catalytic disassociation. The time dilation would locally mask the equivalent acceleration we calculate outside the cavity BUT the accumulating velocity would rapidly sling shot the gas between an array of different inertial frames formed by the tapestry where the gas momentum would keep finding itself in violent opposition to the changing magnitude and vector of the negative acceleration [quantum blender]. I don't expect you to agree but still argue it is a valid possibility. Regards Fran Jones Beene wrote on Wednesday, April 27, 2011 6:40 PM [snip]To put this all into the average vortician's perspective, Fran and a few others on vortex believe that the Casimir force and therefore ZPE are intimately involved in both the Mills' reaction and in lattice assisted nuclear fusion and in the Rossi effect. Nano is the key word. Or FRET if you are a bit more sophisticated on the theoretical end. That would be LANR, in contrast to LENR, but the two are essentially the same animal from different perspectives. The zero point field can provide a force which can provide net thermal energy under certain narrow conditions, if at high repetition rate. But for the long term, the excess energy must be replaced periodically by a nuclear process. The Mills' reaction can be reconciled with this, if one accepts that he cuts short the progression intentionally. CANR or chemically assisted is another way of saying the same thing- that valence electrons (i.e. chemistry) can influence nuclear reactions, especially when there is cavity confinement so that interactions with valence electrons are accelerated; and to the extent that the improbable become probable due to the extreme number of sequential transactions (terahertz). The key to all of it is hydrogen going from molecular to atomic and back. H2 is tightly bound. A spillover catalyst breaks that bond catalytically and actually extracts heat to do it. That is not in dispute. A net energy asymmetry in this process is only possible when there is a nuclear process which can provide the makeup. (That is the dispute) The best way that I can verbalize the 'Rossi effect', but others have their own perspectives on it - is that it is a hybrid ZPE/nuclear process. [/snip]
RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
Fran - I did not make it clear that in a ZPE-only interpretation, a nuclear reaction may not be needed, however - it is unclear if it can be completely avoided. This brings up the lochon which is not a hydrino - although Andrew M. was a participant on the HSG for a long time. This has turned up on the another group's discussion. As I understand it, the lochon is a tightly bound electron pair. I do not know how it differs from a Cooper pair except he claims it shows up in lattice loading and is more tightly bound and semi-bosonic (net integer spin). If it is real, then a lochon can become a binding force between two protons, which otherwise want to repel. Thus, the Coulomb-barrier is reduced and the tunneling probability increases. Here is a paper that may explain more. http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Meulenbergtunnelingb.pdf In the context of Rossi, a lochon could provide a way for two protons to fuse into deuterium. If it is real, then fusion cannot be easily avoided even if your motivation (Mills/BLP) is strongly slanted towards complete avoidance of nuclear reactions (for IP reasons). In fact it can be argued that even if excess energy can be derived from ZPE or from hydrogen shrinkage without a nuclear process being involved, it would be very difficult to eliminate the nuclear process completely. And this might serve to largely nullify the patent portfolio of a particular company Jones -Original Message- From: Roarty, Francis X My point is that some energy can be derived solely from ZPE and chemistry without the need for any nuclear reactions and it could even be of a similar scale.
RE: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
Fran, I've been following you ideas for awhile but I don't see how they can apply to Rossi if you believe the Ni--- Cu claims which were supposedly verified by the Swedes. At one time I was going to try a MAHG replication but it turned out that Naudin made obvious errors in his power measurements which he refused to correct. Is Naudin still active? In any case it seems that it wouldn't be that hard to test your reaction scenario. Ron --On Thursday, April 28, 2011 10:19 AM -0400 Roarty, Francis X francis.x.roa...@lmco.com wrote: Jones, I agree with most of what you are saying even that we still dispute the need to makeup chemical energy released by catalytic disassociation. ZPE is absolutely based on a negative potential but once you provide a method to rectify this energy (Heisenberg trap) it operates on the absolute difference between two potentials which is positive energy. My point is that some energy can be derived solely from ZPE and chemistry without the need for any nuclear reactions and it could even be of a similar scale. I think this is what Moller and Naudin were pursuing with the MAHG device. We have been programmed to accept that the ZPE in gas motion cannot be exploited because we assumed gravity is isotropic but that changes in Cavity QED where we can suddenly exploit differences in inertial frames without the need for near luminal velocity...in fact what velocity there is to move the h1 and h2 between frames is provided gratis by the constant motion of gas[ZPE]. If you add in the relativistic interpretation of Casimir effect the frequency of these disassociations suddenly scales at an almost unlimited rate [terahertz +] based on A/a^4 [plate area over separation^4] . That's why I was trying to find a form of the time dilation formula[Gamma] already solving for force so I could make it directly equal to the Casimir formula and get an idea for just how much acceleration and how dynamically it changes inside the array of geometry created by real Casimir materials. Once the formulas for positive changes in energy density [Gamma] seen in near luminal objects are related to negative changes seen in nano geometry [Casimir] it becomes possible to solve in terms of each other's variables. I think rapid changes in equivalent acceleration [jerk] occur due to Casimir geometry and are responsible for the property we call catalytic disassociation. The time dilation would locally mask the equivalent acceleration we calculate outside the cavity BUT the accumulating velocity would rapidly sling shot the gas between an array of different inertial frames formed by the tapestry where the gas momentum would keep finding itself in violent opposition to the changing magnitude and vector of the negative acceleration [quantum blender]. I don't expect you to agree but still argue it is a valid possibility. Regards Fran Jones Beene wrote on Wednesday, April 27, 2011 6:40 PM [snip]To put this all into the average vortician's perspective, Fran and a few others on vortex believe that the Casimir force and therefore ZPE are intimately involved in both the Mills' reaction and in lattice assisted nuclear fusion and in the Rossi effect. Nano is the key word. Or FRET if you are a bit more sophisticated on the theoretical end. That would be LANR, in contrast to LENR, but the two are essentially the same animal from different perspectives. The zero point field can provide a force which can provide net thermal energy under certain narrow conditions, if at high repetition rate. But for the long term, the excess energy must be replaced periodically by a nuclear process. The Mills' reaction can be reconciled with this, if one accepts that he cuts short the progression intentionally. CANR or chemically assisted is another way of saying the same thing- that valence electrons (i.e. chemistry) can influence nuclear reactions, especially when there is cavity confinement so that interactions with valence electrons are accelerated; and to the extent that the improbable become probable due to the extreme number of sequential transactions (terahertz). The key to all of it is hydrogen going from molecular to atomic and back. H2 is tightly bound. A spillover catalyst breaks that bond catalytically and actually extracts heat to do it. That is not in dispute. A net energy asymmetry in this process is only possible when there is a nuclear process which can provide the makeup. (That is the dispute) The best way that I can verbalize the 'Rossi effect', but others have their own perspectives on it - is that it is a hybrid ZPE/nuclear process. [/snip]
RE: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
Ron, The E-cat certainly appears to include nuclear reactions but I don't know if it was ever established that the amount of ash produced was proportional to energy output. My point is that the common materials and environments of different devices and procedures suggest to me that energy density pumping and catalytic disassociation represent the initiating conditions common to all. I think it can occur with or without subsequent nuclear reactions but Jones put it more succinctly in his reply [snip] that in a ZPE-only interpretation, a nuclear reaction may not be needed, however - it is unclear if it can be completely avoided.[/snip] The difference between these different energy exploiting methods may rest on just how they go about avoiding or limiting an unavoidable nuclear reaction. I'm a little scared of doing this stuff at home with hydrogen at 35 bars? While still getting the tungsten heater wires inside the reactor.. It seems like it could be miniaturized into something like a refillable CO2 cartridge but we need access to install the powders and heating elements... I only got 1 house :_( Regards Fran -Original Message- From: Ron Wormus [mailto:prot...@frii.com] Sent: Thursday, April 28, 2011 11:45 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Cc: Roarty, Francis X Subject: RE: EXTERNAL: RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll Fran, I've been following you ideas for awhile but I don't see how they can apply to Rossi if you believe the Ni--- Cu claims which were supposedly verified by the Swedes. At one time I was going to try a MAHG replication but it turned out that Naudin made obvious errors in his power measurements which he refused to correct. Is Naudin still active? In any case it seems that it wouldn't be that hard to test your reaction scenario. Ron --On Thursday, April 28, 2011 10:19 AM -0400 Roarty, Francis X francis.x.roa...@lmco.com wrote: Jones, I agree with most of what you are saying even that we still dispute the need to makeup chemical energy released by catalytic disassociation. ZPE is absolutely based on a negative potential but once you provide a method to rectify this energy (Heisenberg trap) it operates on the absolute difference between two potentials which is positive energy. My point is that some energy can be derived solely from ZPE and chemistry without the need for any nuclear reactions and it could even be of a similar scale. I think this is what Moller and Naudin were pursuing with the MAHG device. We have been programmed to accept that the ZPE in gas motion cannot be exploited because we assumed gravity is isotropic but that changes in Cavity QED where we can suddenly exploit differences in inertial frames without the need for near luminal velocity...in fact what velocity there is to move the h1 and h2 between frames is provided gratis by the constant motion of gas[ZPE]. If you add in the relativistic interpretation of Casimir effect the frequency of these disassociations suddenly scales at an almost unlimited rate [terahertz +] based on A/a^4 [plate area over separation^4] . That's why I was trying to find a form of the time dilation formula[Gamma] already solving for force so I could make it directly equal to the Casimir formula and get an idea for just how much acceleration and how dynamically it changes inside the array of geometry created by real Casimir materials. Once the formulas for positive changes in energy density [Gamma] seen in near luminal objects are related to negative changes seen in nano geometry [Casimir] it becomes possible to solve in terms of each other's variables. I think rapid changes in equivalent acceleration [jerk] occur due to Casimir geometry and are responsible for the property we call catalytic disassociation. The time dilation would locally mask the equivalent acceleration we calculate outside the cavity BUT the accumulating velocity would rapidly sling shot the gas between an array of different inertial frames formed by the tapestry where the gas momentum would keep finding itself in violent opposition to the changing magnitude and vector of the negative acceleration [quantum blender]. I don't expect you to agree but still argue it is a valid possibility. Regards Fran Jones Beene wrote on Wednesday, April 27, 2011 6:40 PM [snip]To put this all into the average vortician's perspective, Fran and a few others on vortex believe that the Casimir force and therefore ZPE are intimately involved in both the Mills' reaction and in lattice assisted nuclear fusion and in the Rossi effect. Nano is the key word. Or FRET if you are a bit more sophisticated on the theoretical end. That would be LANR, in contrast to LENR, but the two are essentially the same animal from different perspectives. The zero point field can provide a force which can provide net thermal energy under certain narrow conditions, if at high repetition rate
Re: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
I don't know if this is relevant ... includes keywords rossi, nickel, hydrogen and casimir http://froarty.scienceblog.com/32183/gas-property-of-constant-motion-disassociates-h2-in-opposition-to-changes-in-casimir-force/
Re: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
On Wed, Apr 27, 2011 at 1:30 PM, Alan J Fletcher a...@well.com wrote: I don't know if this is relevant ... includes keywords rossi, nickel, hydrogen and casimir http://froarty.scienceblog.com/32183/gas-property-of-constant-motion-disassociates-h2-in-opposition-to-changes-in-casimir-force/ Uh, yeah. Francis X Roarty posts here frequently on the subject. T
Re: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
Wouldn't you need a time varying magnetic field for this to work? Harry From: Jones Beene jone...@pacbell.net To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Thu, April 21, 2011 9:44:28 AM Subject: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll This is a long post putting together several threads of evidence that the Rossi reactor is a cavitation reactor. Pressurized hydrogen in contact with nickel nanopowder is cavitated, eventually undergoing first chemical and then nuclear reactions, with copious excess heat. The Casimir effect could be involved in a novel way for the chemical part. Fractional hydrogen could be involved. The nuclear part is confused by conflicting reports about radioactivity. Best bet is that it is the “Ra Reaction” of our sun – conversion of hydrogen into deuterium, but that is speculation for other posts. An appreciation for the history of the Griggs pump is necessary to grasp all of this. Here is some information on the pump, which is still in commercial production in Rome (the one in Georgia): http://www.rexresearch.com/griggs/griggs.htm The Hydro-Dynamics pump employed cavitation and shock waves from a dimpled rotor spinning inside a housing to increase the temperature of water flowing through the device. It was tested on a number of occasions to be OU, but not reliably. Jed Rothwell has reported on it, as did Infinite Energy. Now - imagine the rotor being non-rotating ! Cavitation in the Rossi device could be described as Griggs pump - with the reactor substituted for the dimpled rotor. The reactor cavitates violently, but at low excursion, and would not be noticed in a demo, since the effects are dampened by the water flow. Primarily, it produces cavitation INSIDE the cell, and ironically this would never have been noticed outside the cell except for contrasting the two tests in Bologna, one with low water flow, and one with high. This could be a most fortuitous discovery for anyone working on a replication. The higher water flow is substantially more efficient than low flow - and the reason for that relates to Griggs and to optimizing cavitation. The outer surface of the reactor would be the functional equivalent of a transducer to cavitate the water flowing over it, but only if the water pressure was high enough. The Griggs pump needs massive water flow. The internal cavitation is not changed much in either case, so there is always that base level of heating due to internal cavitation. The “clue” that cracks the case - turns out to be in contrasting the two test results in the context of a heated argument. Magnetostriction is a property of ferromagnetic materials, particularly nickel - that causes them to change shape during magnetization. It was discover by Joule himself, in nickel, long ago. The effect is responsible for the familiar hum which can be heard near transformers at 100 (=2*50) or 120 (=2*60) hertz, plus higher harmonics. Transformers are iron based, but nickel nanopowder could be much more extreme in the effect. With the very high excursion of surfaces at the nano level, the magnetostriction effect would be magnified by perhaps an order of magnitude and yet nearly imperceptible at the local level. The reactor containing the nanopowder would function like a humming transformer core and it could also operate internally with shock waves pushing hydrogen into Casimir cavities. As in the Griggs pump, cavitation generates shock waves which convert mechanical energy into acceleration and eventually into heat energy - in a way that is gainful at times. The Rossi reactor is apparently gainful all of the time, and that could be due to the employment of nano geometry. Many of the common transducers used for sonochemistry are magnetostrictive instead of piezoelectric, as these are more robust at high input. The efficiency is very high. It is too much of a coincidence that the reactor loses it heating effect at a temperature which coincides with the Curie point of nickel, and is more robust when more heat is removed by higher water flow; not to mention that the “resistors” have a magnetic field. An interesting point is that the inventor may have discovered this inadvertently and never thought to optimize the input power, which should be easier to do via an inductive coil instead of resistance heaters. If this proves accurate in a replication effort, then my thanks go out in a general way, to all of the Vortex posters who have mentioned these details in past postings, as I have not had the time to go back to credit them individually - you know who you are J Jones
RE: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
From: Harry * * Wouldn't you need a time varying magnetic field for this to work? Yes. Power from PLCs would normally be PWM. This should work fine with DC heating tape, no?
Re: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
Jones Beene wrote: The Griggs pump needs massive water flow. No, it does not. I observed tests with various flow rates. It does not need a higher flow rate than a conventional boiler. - Jed
Re: [Vo]:Magnetostriction and Cavitation ll
From: Jones Beene From:Harry Ø ØWouldn't you need a time varying magnetic field for this to work? Yes. Power from PLCs would normally be PWM. This should work fine with DC heating tape, no? I wouldn't know. So the input power figures we hear about are time averaged? Harry
