Hullow Ivan, Thanks for the information, can yiou tell me the differences between your cs machine and Jims?Carmen ----- Original Message ----- From: Ivan Anderson <i...@win.co.nz> To: <silver-list@eskimo.com> Sent: Friday, August 06, 1999 9:11 PM Subject: CS>Generators, Current regulation, etc
> > I notice the discussion of current regulation, electrode geometry > etc. > Here is my 2 cents worth. > Every one is correct in this discussion as far as they go. > All generators work in exactly the same manner, that is sintering > silver atoms from the anode (positive electrode), and all produce > perfectly good CS within certain boundaries and limits. > > The difference in generators is really in the ease of use and the > concentration they are able to produce. > > The simple 3 or 4 battery method has the advantage of short > generation time, but requires constant attention (stirring, > electrode wiping etc.). these generators produce fine CS in the 5 > to 10 ppm range. The conductivity of the water past this range > allows too high a current flow, and that coupled with a quite > high voltage causes a high particle mobility. The consequence of > this is that many particles contact the cathode (negative > electrode) and are reduced to the residue or treeing we see. This > residue enevitably finds its way into the solution which results > in the cloudy, dark and unstable colloid we see many questions > about. > Hot water limits these factors to some extent, mainly by the > convection currents in the water mixing the silver plume through > out the solution. > > Constant current (current limiting) generators over come many of > the problems described above by limiting the current to a value, > where the number of particles coming off the anode is not so > great that they cannot be spread throughout the solution before > they meet the cathode. As the resistance in the solution falls > (with the introduction of silver particles) in this type of > generator, the voltage drops and therefore so does the particle > mobility. This is a most beneficial set of circumstances. The > more particles there are in the water, the less energy they have > in movement, and the less likely they are to be reduced at the > cathode and the less energy do they have to overcome > electrostatic repulsion when they encounter each other. As long > as the voltage stays above about 1V the generator will continue > to disassociate silver ions from the anode. > These generators can produce clear or light yellow colloid to > high concentration (10 ppm +), but are more technical and > expensive to implement, and require more time to generate a given > concentration. > > The pulsed generators and polarity switching generators can be > thought of as current limiting hybrids and seem to exhibit many > of their positives and negatives. > > Low voltage generators (9 to 15volt) are very simple to implement > and also display the positives of current limit devices, due to > the slow manner in which they dissasociate the anode into the > water, but above a certain point they behave like the higher > voltage units. Good up to about 15ppm. Long generating time. > > Electrode configuration and crossection affect CS generation only > in as much as they have an influence on the maximum current draw, > and the distance the silver ions have to travel before they meet > the cathode. An arrangement that is constant in geometry will > have reproducable results. > > Particle size is a much discussed and overly emphasised part of > CS generation. Particle size, as determined by colour, is > effective from clear through yellow-green, yellow and gold. The > range is apparently <1nm to 15nm (<.001micron to .015micron) > and, as you can see, the difference is slight. All exhibit very > good stability and antimicrobial proterties. > > Ivan > > > > > > > -- > The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. > > To join or quit silver-list or silver-digest send an e-mail message to: > silver-list-requ...@eskimo.com -or- silver-digest-requ...@eskimo.com > with the word subscribe or unsubscribe in the SUBJECT line. > > To post, address your message to: silver-list@eskimo.com > > List maintainer: Mike Devour <mdev...@id.net> > -- The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal silver. To join or quit silver-list or silver-digest send an e-mail message to: silver-list-requ...@eskimo.com -or- silver-digest-requ...@eskimo.com with the word subscribe or unsubscribe in the SUBJECT line. To post, address your message to: silver-list@eskimo.com List maintainer: Mike Devour <mdev...@id.net>
