Note that there are many optimizations of carbonyl processing designed to produce, in particular, long strand connected particles with high surface area optimized for nickel metal hydride battery performance. I suspect that Rossi used a standard variant of this process that is available COTS. It is well known that Rossi has a history of using the Vale T255 grade - a jar of it was seen in one of his videos. It appears that in the Lugano fuel, the T255 was not used, but the Ni was probably another carbonyl variant.
At high temperature (>300C) and in the presence of H2, the oxide readily is stripped from the Ni particle surface and other metals readily wet to the clean Ni surface. As the temperature continues to rise, the liquid Li-Al-H foams and froths as it releases its hydrogen. All of the Ni becomes quickly surface coated with liquid Li-Al-H. Much of the fine nanoscale Ni features dissolve in this metal and reach an equilibrium of Ni (~5%) dissolving into the melt AND condensing out of the melt back onto the particle surface. There could be a type of "co-deposition" of the Ni taking place with simultaneous deposition of Ni-H or with hydrogen anions. Also taking place at the same time is the sintering of the Ni. Wherever particles touch, they will grow together, and pull together into a more compact form. There is a tremendous amount of alumina present in the form of tubes and cement. It is hard to ascribe the alumina particle as part of the ash - it is probably just debris. The same cannot be readily said about the iron particle. Why such a large particle would be useful in the fuel is not clear, nor is it clear what happens to the iron in the liquid Li-Al (I am not a chemist). Li and Fe do form compounds such as LiFePO4. Perhaps some percentage of the Fe dissolves into the liquid Li-Al-H and enhances the liquid state reaction in some way. Perhaps it participates in the co-deposition on the surface of the Ni to enhance the liquid-solid metal interface LENR reaction. It is probably naive to think the large Fe particles in the fuel are there by chance, and probably also unreasonable to think they wouldn't dissolve in the very active liquid metal environment. Rossi is known to have used Fe in his low temperature eCat fuel. Bob Higgins On Fri, Jul 3, 2015 at 8:22 PM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote: > The nickel particles grains looks like they have moved around under the > influence of some EMF stimulation and have found each other. Electrostatic > abreaction can do this. There should be a strong dipole based electrostatic > attraction at work that takes advantage of the apparent EMF induced > vibratory particle movement in the fuel mix. It looks like the lithium > never recombines with the aluminum at 400C and above having found a home on > the surface of the Nickel particles, covering all the prticles completely > in a very thin layer. > > The aluminum forms it own particle as shown the formation of a huge > luminum oxide particle of over a 120 microns in length. I wount’t thing > this could happen with the aluminum not at its melting temperature. > > The iron particle is truly large being some 300 by 100 microns in size. > How could this particle be formed if it was not in the fuel to begin with. > The fuel was observed to be very fine grey particles. 300 microns is not > fine powder. > > > On Fri, Jul 3, 2015 at 9:54 PM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote: > >> in 8. fuel Analysis it states: >> >> The fuel contains natural nickel powder with a grain size of a few >> microns. >> >> so the nickel must move around at tempertures where lithium is liquid. >> >> >> >> On Fri, Jul 3, 2015 at 7:48 PM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote: >> >>> I misunderstood the particle analysis in the Lugano report, On page 50 >>> of the Lugano report, I just realized that the nickel fuel particle had a >>> hugh natural abundance of pure lithium content. Its size may not have >>> changed between when it was fuel through the time that it became ash. It's >>> huge. Consistently, Table 1 also shows a lot of lithium in the fuel. This >>> particle configuration is not consistence with the commensally availible >>> nickel particles used by replications. That stuff is about 5 microns >>> average and contains lots of carbon but no lithium. Rossi has somehow >>> processed the commensally available particles to add lots of lithium. Did >>> Rossi give his COTS nickel particles some sort of lithium bath in a fuel >>> fabrication process. >>> >>> In figure 3, there is lots of carbon in particle 1. But in figure 9, >>> there was none. How can that be? The fuel should contain lots of carbon. >>> Why does fig. 9 not show any? Both types of test should have shown carbon, >>> >>> The nickel particles are huge at about 100 microns, There are a number >>> of them in the micrograph (a) on page 44. It is unlikely that nickel >>> particles can move around much in a particle fuel mixture with lithium >>> aluminum hydride powder. So how could they gather together in an >>> aggragation of such large numbers unless they came into the fuel mix as 100 >>> Micron particles to begin with. >>> >>> If anybody has an explanation I am willing and able to be educated. >>> >> >> >
