Jones, You seem to be mixing incompatible technologies - for example dense hydrogen matter and plasmon-polaritons. Keep in mind that plasmon-polaritons don't exist without conduction band electrons. In any kind of dense matter where the electron has entered a sub-conventional-ground state, it would seem that the electrons cannot enter the conduction band. You may be able to invoke SPP on the Ni to interact with nearby dense hydrogen, but how would "clusters of quatrinos", as you mention below, "act as a PPP" with no means to support conduction band electrons?
On Tue, Feb 14, 2017 at 9:23 AM, Jones Beene <jone...@pacbell.net> wrote: > In 1991, Gene Mallove published an important book entitled "Fire from Ice" > ... in an attempt to shed new light on the growing "cold fusion confusion." > > The "Fire from Ice" metaphor was catchy, but the level of skepticism for > the new technology did not diminish noticeably in the ensuing years, and > probably increased - but that is mainly because of the lack of a commercial > application. In the end, it's always going to resolve to something akin to > "show me the money" ... and the commercial payoff from LENR has been > non-existent to date. > > Laser cooling is a new twist on the "Fire from Ice" metaphor. It refers to > a number of techniques in which samples can be cooled all the way down to > near absolute zero through the interaction with laser light, which is > itself can be very hot. Surprisingly, photons with effective temperature of > 10,000 C can effectively cool a sample. This is because coherent photons > are absorbed and re-emited in a way that the momentum of an absorber > changes independently of its prior temperature, which can result in Doppler > cooling. (see the Wiki entry) > > Doppler cooling, is usually accompanied by a magnetic trapping force > within a magneto-optical trap, and this is the segue to framing a > hypothetical concept involving dark matter hydrogen and a variation of > Doppler cooling... without the laser, but with semi-coherent IR light and > magneto-optics. > > The energy of dense hydrogen is severely depleted by thousands of eV. One > interpretation of that level of energy depletion is that dense hydrogen, at > least as described by Mayer, is cold ... very cold, far below so-called > absolute zero. Thus, in a reactor with ground state hydrogen being > admitted, and under the influence of quantum entanglement with the dense > hydrogen already there, H2 can be effectively catalyzed using IR light to > give up 25 keV and condense to same level as the dense seed. > > This is far from the original intent of "Fire from Ice" since cold fusion > is not involved, but I think Gene would have liked it. > > As for the ultimate energy source...again, the gain is ostensibly chemical > but related to electron deflation instead of valence manipulation -- and > thus can be labeled as "supra-chemical." In the end, excess energy derives > from turning a hot electron into an extremely cold one. > > Earlier post: > > There seems to be a kernel of truth in most of the dense-hydrogen theories > of the last 25 years, but the details are different. Perhaps it is useful > to cherry-pick the juiciest fruit and come up with a more accurate hybrid > to align the experiments to the theory. > > If the Thermacore runaway reaction is replicated later this month, then > one immediate goal is to explain the excess heat ... where a large mass of > nickel (2000 grams or more) in the presence of hydrogen is raised to a > trigger temperature, at which point the heat becomes self-sustaining and > increasing until the nickel sinters and melts (without oxidizing) -- in the > process destroying the reactor but without explosion or residual > radioactivity. > > Useful theories which are presently floating around are from Mills > (hydrino) Holmlid (UDH) Mayer (quatrino) Meulenberg et al (DDL, > femtohydrogen) Wigner (metallic hydrogen, 1936) Arata/Zhang (pycnohydrogen) > Miley (IRH, inverted Rydberg hydrogen) Lawandy (unnamed 2D cluster) Heffner > (deflated hydrogen) and others. None of these seems to stands on its own, > but all are intuitive. > > The common feature of these theories is the densification of hydrogen due > to electron dissociation or ground state redundancy. The hydrogen's > electron can become almost stationary or "deflated," retaining charge but > giving up some or all of its angular momentum, which is independent of the > nucleus. One detail of Mayer's theory, not previously mentioned, seems to > be a tie-in to Horace Heffner's various "deflated" fusion concepts, except > for the geometric scale. Horace suggests nuclear fusion, but in the > Thermacore runaway there is apparently no indication of fusion. Also the > active geometric scale of Mayer is larger than Heffner and Holmlid (Compton > scale instead of femtoscale). > > Mayer's deflated and nearly static electrons serve the function of > electrostatic charge to bind two protons, along with their own magnetic > dipole self attraction - resulting in a quatrino with 25 keV binding > energy. Importantly, this particle is bosonic. Clusters of these quatrinos > may act collectively as a PPP (phonon-plasmon-polariton) at elevated > temperature where IR glow becomes the most obvious feature. > > The possibility of electromagnetic bound states in which the magnetic and > electric forces are equal and counterbalancing - has been suggested before > but Mayer frames it nicely. In this example, the electrostatic force > between two electrons e2=r2 is comparable with the dipole-dipole magnetic > force 2e=r4 at a distance r*com, where com is the electron Compton > wavelength, about 2.4 picometers. Thus the active particle (quatrino) of > Meyer is about 40 times less diameter or 64000 time "denser" (mass/volume) > than ground state Bohr atom, but this turns out to be large, compared to > Holmlid, for instance which is more dense. Mayer seems to provide a better > fit than the others to experimental data. Mills posits 137 progressive > steps instead of the single drop but there is no convincing evidence of > this. > > Several of the dense bound states involving leptons are found as solutions > to the Dirac equation but most of Mills steps are not. The approach of > Meulenberg is similar, but differs greatly in the details. The bottom line > is that we do not need to ditch QM like Mills does - and in fact we need to > embrace it, in order to explain the non-nuclear gain using QM entanglement > of the PPP which is the active particulate. > > All of the approaches above eventually result in a conversion of hydrogen > into dense dark matter with energy gain. As a quatrino, the binding energy > of ~25 keV is given up as heat during formation, but in practice, much or > all of it has been "borrowed" to accomplish the reduced state. To explain > the excess heat of the runaway, we need to invoke quantum entanglement, > which benefits from a pre-embedded population of PPP dark matter. > > This population of pre-embedded dark matter can come from nickel which was > refined using the Sherritt Gordon process or it can come from extended > pre-processing. When new hydrogen is admitted to the reactor and heated, > the already present population of dark matter - which can be present in the > range of 10 ppm, influences and catalyzes the densification of new hydrogen > with a larger part of the 25 keV mass energy being surplus heat. > > Curiously, the runaway reaction seems to be both non-nuclear and > non-chemical. But it can be defined is an enhanced kind of non-valence > chemistry - to the extent it involves energy depleted from electron angular > momentum (as with Mills theory) ... but the gain per particle is far > greater than traditional chemical, especially when electrons become > completely deflated. The process can be called "supra-chemical" to > differentiate from classical-chemical. > " Recomobination of hydrogen from the metallic state would release 216 > megajoules per kilogram; TNT only releases 4.2 megajoules per kilo" > > Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-01-metallic-hydrogen-theory- > reality.html#jCp > " Recomobination of hydrogen from the metallic state would release 216 > megajoules per kilogram; TNT only releases 4.2 megajoules per kilo" > > Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-01-metallic-hydrogen-theory- > reality.html#jCp > > >
