I address some of this in the following treads: [Vo]:An ionization chain reaction [Vo]:noble gase cluster explosion
What happens in the Papp reaction also happens in the NiH reaction, just with a different cluster type. Cheers: Axil On Mon, Jan 21, 2013 at 3:08 AM, Eric Walker <eric.wal...@gmail.com> wrote: > I am reading through Piantelli, Bergomi and Tiziano's 2013 EP2368252B1 > patent [1], trying to understand the basic mechanism that is thought to be > the source of the heat they're generating. Here I will attempt to > reproduce their description in my own words -- I do not know anything about > its plausibility and am just trying to understand what they're saying. I > have attempted this elsewhere [2], but now that I read through the new > patent it occurs to me that I probably misunderstood Piantelli in my > previous attempt. > > As an initial comment, Piantelli et al. refer to "nuclear reactions" > several times in the 2013 patent, but I gather that these are not intended > to be fusion reactions for the most part, but rather a reorganization of > the nucleons in the substrate nuclei (primarily nickel) to a lower energy > level. They accomplish this through the catalytic action of hydrogen. > There are two important activation energies; the first (1) involves > raising the temperature of the substrate above a critical level and the > second (2) involves introducing a shock of some kind to the system that > raises the energy in specific regions to an even higher level. > > If I have understood the authors, the system and mechanism can be > described like this: > > You need clusters of transition metal atoms of certain sizes involving > magic numbers above a minimum count and and below a maximum one, where the > metal atoms are arranged in a regular crystalline pattern (fcc, bcc, > hexagonal). The number and atom count of the clusters determines the > potential power output. These clusters of transition metal atoms are then > exposed to hydrogen, which adsorbs onto the surface layers. If the > substrate is heated sufficiently, through nonlinear and aharmonic > interactions there will be phonons whose energy exceeds the first critical > threshold (1) mentioned above. When this happens, molecular hydrogen will > dissociate and, through some unspecified means, H- ions will be created, > where the H presumably take on valence electrons in the transition metal > cluster. > > At this point things won't go any further unless a second energy threshold > (2) is exceeded through one of a large number of means (mechanical shock, > electric current, x-rays, etc.). If one of these triggers is supplied, the > H- ion formed in the previous steps will, through unspecified means, > replace an electron in the metal atom. At this point Piantelli et al. > claim that the Pauli exclusion principle and the Heisenberg uncertain > principle will work together to force the negative H- ion, which is > thousands of times heavier than an electron, into an inner shell of the > transition metal atom, forming a "complex" atom that combines the > transition metal atom with an orbiting H- ion, in a manner similar to f/H > catalysis. When this happens there will be x-rays and Augur electrons. At > this range the H- ion will be very close to the transition metal nucleus, > and the size of the H- ion and its proximity to the metal nucleus will > force a reorganization of the metal nucleus and a consequent mass deficit, > resulting in the expelling of the H- ion as a proton and a release of > energy into the system. This appears to be the central mechanism > responsible for heat in their account. The proton can presumably go on to > do other things, maybe causing an occasional fusion, but the authors do not > appear to rely upon this as the primary channel. > > Has anyone studied Piantelli's work enough to comment on whether I've > gotten this right or missed something important? Can anyone (Robin?) > comment on which parts are controversial and which are accepted physics? I > understand that you can see the emission of a gamma ray from large, > metastable nuclei, when the nucleons rearrange to a lower energy level, but > is this possible with as light an atom as nickel? > > Two interesting points to note -- first, there is evidence for 1-3 MeV > protons in some of the CR-39 LENR experiments. Second, Piantelli et al. > are vague on the question of the deuterium content. They say that the > hydrogen can have the natural level of deuterium (0.015 percent), or it can > have a deuterium content distinct from this, but they do not specifically > say that you can use H2 that contains no deuterium. > > Eric > > > [1] http://www.22passi.it/downloads/EP2368252B1[1].pdf > [2] http://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@eskimo.com/msg72906.html > >
