a challenge! cool :)  but let me try to put it in less-math terms for myself and others who are not math-types
 
>Let X_i, i=1,...,n, denote a set of discrete random variables
 
X_i is the set of all integers between i and n, initial value for i is 1?
or is i any member of the set X?
or does i function only as a lower bound to set X?
 
 
> Let's say we have a set of N << n^2 conditional probability relationships of
> the form
set N consists of relationships numbering n^2, n is the upper boundary of the set X? 
> P(X_j|X_i)
what does this notation "|" mean ?
does P(X_j|X_i) mean the probability of subset occuring within the set X,   X is bounded by [i,n]?
 
 > where i, j are drawn from {1,...,n}.
does X_i represent the whole set and j is a subset or set X_i?
or is i the lower bound of set X and j is an arbitrary member of set X?

> Let's say we also have a set of M <= n probabilities
 
is this a different n than the upper bound of set x?

> P(X_i)
M = P(X_i)?
if so, it means that M is the chance of set X existing within a larger 'parent' set (ie the novamente system)?
 
> The problem is:
>
> * Infer the rest of the P(X_i|X_j) and P(X_i): the ones that aren't given
>
> * Specifically, infer cases where P(X_i|X_j) differs significantly from
> P(X_i)
 
Is the above asking?  given a set X bounded upper = n, lower = i, and given j, an arbitrary subset of set X in X's  initial state, use the available data to approximate the probability of a hypothetical integer set ( a new value for j) apperaing within X in a future state.  specifically, try to find initial conditions which will lead to a large difference between the chances of X existing and the chances of X that contains j existing at a future state. all of this is assuming that Set X is being acted upon by a specified algorithm or process?
>
> Clearly this is a massively "underdetermined" problem: the given data will
> generally not be enough to uniquely determine the results.  This is what
> makes it interesting!
>
> As I said, we have two solutions for this, one implemented the other just
> designed; so we know the problem is approximately and heuristically solvable
> in a plausible computational timeframe.  But I wonder if there aren't
> radically different solutions from the ones we've come up with...
would you mind trying to put the problem in 'word problem' form?  I do much better with concepts than equations ;)
 
If it;s not worth the effort dont bother :)
 
J Standley

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