Hi Matthew, Greg, and James (AD)*,

*James - As the AD, please review and approve of the updated text and removal 
of the BCP 14 keyword “MUST”.

Original:
   Post-stack Header (PSH): optional field of interest to the egress
      Label Switching Router (LSR) (and possibly to transit LSRs).
      Examples include a control word [RFC4385], [RFC8964] or an
      associated channel [RFC4385], [RFC5586], [RFC9546]. The PSH MUST
      indicate its length, so that a parser knows where the embedded
      packet starts.

Current:
   Post-Stack Header (PSH): A field containing information that may be
      of interest to the egress Label Switching Router (LSR) or transit
      LSRs. Examples include a control word [RFC4385] [RFC8964] or an
      associated channel header [RFC4385] [RFC5586] [RFC9546]. A parser
      needs to be able to determine where the PSH ends in order to find
      the embedded packet.

See this diff file:
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-ad-diff.html


Authors - Thank you for your replies.  We have updated as requested. We will 
await any further changes you may have and approvals from each author
and *James prior to moving forward in the publication process.

— FILES (please refresh) —

Updated XML file:
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.xml

Updated output files:
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.txt
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.pdf
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.html

Diff file showing all changes made during AUTH48:
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-auth48diff.html
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-auth48rfcdiff.html (side by side)
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-lastdiff.html (htmlwdiff diff 
between last version and this)
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-lastrfcdiff.html (rfcdiff between 
last version and this)

Diff files showing all changes:
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-diff.html
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-rfcdiff.html (side by side)
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-alt-diff.html (diff showing 
changes where text is moved or deleted)

For the AUTH48 status of this document, please see:
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/auth48/rfc9790

Thank you,
RFC Editor/ap

> On May 19, 2025, at 9:47 AM, Greg Mirsky <gregimir...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> Hi Rebecca,
> I agree with the updates proposed by Matthew.
> 
> Regards,
> Greg
> 
> On Mon, May 19, 2025 at 3:17 AM Matthew Bocci (Nokia) 
> <matthew.bo...@nokia.com> wrote:
> Hi Rebecca
>  Thanks for the updated Auth48 text. I have a couple of comments.
>  Regards
> Matthew
>   1. Introduction:
> I think PSH in the second sentence should be pluralised:
>  OLD:
> Examples of PSH include existing artifacts such as control words [RFC4385], 
> BIER (Bit Index Explicit Replication) headers [RFC8296] and the like, as well 
> as new types of PSH being discussed by the MPLS Working Group. 
>  NEW:
> Examples of PSHs include existing artifacts such as control words [RFC4385], 
> BIER (Bit Index Explicit Replication) headers [RFC8296] and the like, as well 
> as new types of PSH being discussed by the MPLS Working Group. 
>   2.1 Definitions:
> The definition of PSH is a bit unclear in terms of what it is referring to 
> for the optional field of interest, and it is also mandates that the PSH must 
> include a length when in fact most existing PSHs (such as the PW CW or G-ACH) 
> do not include such a field. I would propose rephrasing to:
>  OLD:
> Post-Stack Header (PSH):
> Optional field of interest to the egress Label Switching Router (LSR) (and 
> possibly to transit LSRs). Examples include a control word [RFC4385] 
> [RFC8964] or an associated channel [RFC4385] [RFC5586] [RFC9546]. The PSH 
> MUST indicate its length, so that a parser knows where the embedded packet 
> starts.
>   NEW:
> Post-Stack Header (PSH):
> A field containing information which may be of interest to the egress Label 
> Switching Router (LSR) or transit LSRs. Examples include a control word 
> [RFC4385] [RFC8964] or an associated channel header [RFC4385] [RFC5586] 
> [RFC9546]. A parser needs to be able to determine where the PSH ends in order 
> to find the embedded packet.
>   Best regards,
>  Matthew
>    From: Rebecca VanRheenen <rvanrhee...@staff.rfc-editor.org>
> Date: Thursday, 15 May 2025 at 22:01
> To: Greg Mirsky <gregimir...@gmail.com>, Kireeti Kompella 
> <kireeti.i...@gmail.com>, Stewart Bryant <s...@stewartbryant.com>, Matthew 
> Bocci (Nokia) <matthew.bo...@nokia.com>, Jie Dong <jie.d...@huawei.com>, 
> l...@pi.nu <l...@pi.nu>
> Cc: RFC Editor <rfc-edi...@rfc-editor.org>, mpls-...@ietf.org 
> <mpls-...@ietf.org>, MPLS Working Group <mpls-cha...@ietf.org>, Adrian Farrel 
> <adr...@olddog.co.uk>, James Guichard <james.n.guich...@futurewei.com>, 
> auth48archive <auth48archive@rfc-editor.org>
> Subject: Re: AUTH48: RFC-to-be 9790 <draft-ietf-mpls-1stnibble-13> for your 
> review
> [You don't often get email from rvanrhee...@staff.rfc-editor.org. Learn why 
> this is important at https://aka.ms/LearnAboutSenderIdentification ]
> 
> CAUTION: This is an external email. Please be very careful when clicking 
> links or opening attachments. See the URL nok.it/ext for additional 
> information.
> 
> 
> 
> Hi Greg and other authors,
> 
> Greg - Thank you for addressing all of our questions! We have updated the 
> document accordingly.
> 
> All - Please review the document carefully to ensure satisfaction as we do 
> not make changes once it has been published as an RFC. Contact us with any 
> further updates or with your approval of the document in its current form.  
> We will await approvals from each author prior to moving forward in the 
> publication process.
> 
> — FILES (please refresh) —
> 
> Updated XML file:
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.xml
> 
> Updated output files:
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.txt
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.pdf
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.html
> 
> Diff file showing all changes made during AUTH48:
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-auth48diff.html
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-auth48rfcdiff.html (side by 
> side)
> 
> Diff files showing all changes:
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-diff.html
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-rfcdiff.html (side by side)
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-alt-diff.html (diff showing 
> changes where text is moved or deleted)
> 
> For the AUTH48 status of this document, please see:
>    https://www.rfc-editor.org/auth48/rfc9790
> 
> Thank you,
> 
> RFC Editor/rv
> 
> 
> 
> > On May 14, 2025, at 4:41 PM, Greg Mirsky <gregimir...@gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > Dear RFC Editor,
> > thank you for your help in improving this document. Please find my notes 
> > below tagged GIM>>.
> >
> > Regards,
> > Greg
> >
> > From: rfc-edi...@rfc-editor.org <rfc-edi...@rfc-editor.org>
> > Date: Wednesday, 14 May 2025 at 05:24
> > To: kireeti.i...@gmail.com <kireeti.i...@gmail.com>, s...@stewartbryant.com 
> > <s...@stewartbryant.com>, Matthew Bocci (Nokia) <matthew.bo...@nokia.com>, 
> > gregimir...@gmail.com <gregimir...@gmail.com>, l...@pi.nu <l...@pi.nu>, 
> > jie.d...@huawei.com <jie.d...@huawei.com>
> > Cc: rfc-edi...@rfc-editor.org <rfc-edi...@rfc-editor.org>, 
> > mpls-...@ietf.org <mpls-...@ietf.org>, mpls-cha...@ietf.org 
> > <mpls-cha...@ietf.org>, adr...@olddog.co.uk <adr...@olddog.co.uk>, 
> > james.n.guich...@futurewei.com <james.n.guich...@futurewei.com>, 
> > auth48archive@rfc-editor.org <auth48archive@rfc-editor.org>
> > Subject: Re: AUTH48: RFC-to-be 9790 <draft-ietf-mpls-1stnibble-13> for your 
> > review
> >
> > CAUTION: This is an external email. Please be very careful when clicking 
> > links or opening attachments. See the URL nok.it/ext for additional 
> > information.
> >
> >
> >
> > Authors,
> >
> > While reviewing this document during AUTH48, please resolve (as necessary) 
> > the following questions, which are also in the XML file.
> >
> > 1) <!-- [rfced] Please note that the abbreviated title of the document has 
> > been
> > updated as follows. The abbreviated title only appears in the running
> > header in the pdf output.
> >
> > Original:
> >   1st nibble
> >
> > Current:
> >   First Nibble Following Label Stack
> > GIM>> Thank you; I agree.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 2) <!-- [rfced] Please insert any keywords (beyond those that appear in
> > the title) for use on https://www.rfc-editor.org/search. -->
> > GIM>> Perhaps
> > Post-stack header
> > Load-balancing
> >
> >
> > 3) <!-- [rfced] Please clarify "in the context associated". Note that there
> > is a similar sentence in the IANA section.
> >
> > Original:
> >    Although some existing network
> >    devices may use such a method, it needs to be stressed that the
> >    correct interpretation of the Post-stack First Nibble (PFN) in a PSH
> >    can be made only in the context associated using the control or
> >    management plane with the Label Stack Element (LSE) or group of LSEs
> >    in the preceding label stack that characterize the type of the PSH,
> >    and that any attempt to rely on the value in any other context is
> >    unreliable.
> >
> > Perhaps:
> >    Although some existing network
> >    devices may use such a method, it needs to be stressed that the
> >    correct interpretation of the Post-stack First Nibble (PFN) in a PSH
> >    can be made only in the context of using the control or
> >    management plane with the Label Stack Entry (LSE) or group of LSEs
> >    in the preceding label stack that characterizes the type of the PSH.
> >    Any attempt to rely on the value in any other context is
> >    unreliable.
> >
> > Or (similar to sentence in IANA section):
> >    Although some existing network
> >    devices may use such a method, it needs to be stressed that the
> >    correct interpretation of the Post-stack First Nibble (PFN) in a PSH
> >    can be made only in the context of the Label Stack Entry (LSE) or group 
> > of LSEs
> >    in the preceding label stack that characterizes the type of the PSH.
> >    Any attempt to rely on the value in any other context is
> >    unreliable.
> > GIM>> Thank you for your creative options. I will propose another 
> > re-wording using the first option with s/of using/established through/:
> >     Although some existing network
> >    devices may use such a method, it needs to be stressed that the
> >    correct interpretation of the Post-stack First Nibble (PFN) in a PSH
> >    can be made only in the context established through the control or
> >    management plane with the Label Stack Entry (LSE) or group of LSEs
> >    in the preceding label stack that characterizes the type of the PSH.
> >    Any attempt to rely on the value in any other context is
> >    unreliable. -->
> >
> >
> > 4) <!-- [rfced] How may we update the text starting with "including..." to
> > improve clarity?
> >
> > Original:
> >    *  To stress the importance that any MPLS packet not carrying plain
> >       IPv4 or IPv6 packets contains a PSH, including any new version of
> >       IP (Section 2.4).
> >
> > Perhaps:
> >    *  To stress that any MPLS packet not carrying plain
> >       IPv4 or IPv6 packets contains a PSH. This also applies to packets of
> >       any new version of IP (see Section 2.4).
> > GIM>> Excellent! I agree.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 5) <!-- [rfced] The sentences below are from the last two paragraphs of 
> > Section 1.
> > In the first sentence, will readers understand what is meant by "the
> > heuristic"?  Would it be helpful to add more context, like that included
> > in the second sentence?
> >
> > Original:
> >    Based on the analysis of load-balancing techniques in Section 2.1.1,
> >    this document, in Section 2.1.1.1, introduces a requirement that
> >    deprecates the use of the heuristic and recommends using a dedicated
> >    label value for load balancing.
> >    ...
> >    Furthermore, this document updates [RFC4928] by deprecating the
> >    heuristic method for identifying the type of packet encapsulated in
> >    MPLS.
> >
> > Perhaps:
> >    Section 2.1.1 of this document includes an analysis of load-balancing
> >    techniques; based on this, Section 2.1.1.1 introduces a requirement
> >    that deprecates the use of the heuristic method for identifying the type
> >    of packet encapsulated in MPLS and recommends using a
> >    dedicated label value for load balancing.
> >    ...
> >    Furthermore, this document updates [RFC4928] by deprecating this
> >    heuristic method.
> > GIM>> I like the proposed update of the first paragraph. Since it is 
> > followed by two sentences, would "this heuristic method" reference be clear 
> > to a reader? Would keeping that part unchanged be acceptable?
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 6) <!-- [rfced] Would you like to alphabetize the list of abbreviations in 
> > Section 1.3
> > ("Abbreviations")? Or do you prefer the current order?
> >
> > Similarly, would you like to alphabetize the terms in Section 1.2
> > ("Definitions") or keep the current order?
> > GIM>> Yes, alphabetize them, please.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 7) <!-- [rfced] We updated this text as shown below. Specifically, we moved 
> > the
> > third sentence of the first paragraph to follow the list and updated "A."
> > to read "Example A:". Let us know any concerns.
> >
> > Original:
> >    Figure 1 shows an MPLS packet with Layer 2 header X and a label stack
> >    Y ending with Label-n.  Then, there are three examples of an MPLS
> >    payload displayed in Figure 2.  The complete MPLS packet thus would
> >    consist of [X Y A], or [X Y B], or [X Y C].
> >
> >    A.  The first payload is a bare IP packet, i.e., no PSH.  The PFN in
> >    this case overlaps with the IP version number.
> >
> >    B.  The next payload is a bare non-IP packet; again, no PSH.  The PFN
> >    here is the first nibble of the payload, whatever it happens to be.
> >
> >    C.  The last example is an MPLS Payload that starts with a PSH
> >    followed by the embedded packet.  Here, the embedded packet could be
> >    IP or non-IP.
> >
> > Updated:
> >    Figure 1 shows an MPLS packet with a Layer 2 header X and a label stack
> >    Y ending with Label-n.  Figure 2 displays three examples of an
> >    MPLS payload:
> >
> >    Example A:  The first payload is a bare IP packet, i.e., no PSH.  The
> >       PFN in this case overlaps with the IP version number.
> >
> >    Example B:  The next payload is a bare non-IP packet; again, no PSH.
> >       The PFN here is the first nibble of the payload, whatever it
> >       happens to be.
> >
> >    Example C:  This example is an MPLS Payload that starts with a PSH
> >       followed by the embedded packet.  Here, the embedded packet could
> >       be IP or non-IP.
> >
> >    Thus, the complete MPLS packet would consist of [X Y A], [X Y B], or
> >    [X Y C].
> > GIM>> Thank you for your updates that improve readability of the document.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 8) <!-- [rfced] For readability, may we update this list as follows?
> >
> > Original:
> >    There are four common ways to load balance an MPLS packet:
> >
> >    1.  One can use the top label alone.
> >
> >    2.  One can do better by using all of the non-SPLs (Special Purpose
> >        Labels) [RFC7274] in the stack.
> >
> >    3.  One can do even better by "divining" the type of embedded packet,
> >        and using fields from the guessed header.  The ramifications of
> >        using this load-balancing technique are discussed in detail in
> >        Section 2.1.1.1.
> >
> >    4.  One can do best by using either an Entropy Label [RFC6790] or a
> >        Flow-Aware Transport (FAT) Pseudowire Label [RFC6391] (see
> >        Section 2.1.1.1).
> >
> > Perhaps:
> >    There are four common ways to load balance an MPLS packet:
> >
> >    1.  Use the top label alone.
> >
> >    2.  Use all of the non-SPLs (Special Purpose
> >        Labels) [RFC7274] in the stack. This is better than using the
> >        top label alone.
> >
> >    3.  Divine the type of embedded packet
> >        and use fields from the guessed header.  The ramifications of
> >        using this load-balancing technique are discussed in detail in
> >        Section 2.1.1.1. This way is better than the two ways above.
> >
> >    4.  Use either an Entropy Label [RFC6790] or a
> >        Flow-Aware Transport (FAT) Pseudowire Label [RFC6391] (see
> >        Section 2.1.1.1). This is the best way.
> > GIM>> I agree with the proposed updates with a suggestion to maintain 
> > quotation marks as "divine".
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 9) <!-- [rfced] Would including some text to introduce the numbered list in
> > Section 2.1.1.1 be helpful? If so, please provide the text.
> > GIM>> I think that the current text is sufficient but I am open to any text 
> > other authors propose.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 10) <!-- [rfced] Would it be helpful to update "Support for" to "The 
> > framework
> > for" in this sentence?
> >
> > Original:
> >    Support for MPLS Network Actions (MNAs) is described in
> >    [I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-fwk] and is an enhancement to the MPLS
> >    architecture.
> >
> > Perhaps:
> >    The framework for MPLS Network Actions (MNAs) is described in [RFC9789] 
> > and
> >    is an enhancement to the MPLS architecture.
> > GIM>> I agree with the proposed change.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 11) <!-- [rfced] This sentence notes that the PFN value of 0x0 has two 
> > different
> > formats, but the IANA registry in Section 3 lists the value 0x0 three
> > times. Please review and let us know if any updates are needed.
> >
> > Original:
> >    This issue is described in section 3.6.1 of [I-D.ietf-mpls-mna-fwk]
> >    and is further illustrated by the PFN value of 0x0 which has two
> >    different formats depending on whether the PSH is a pseudowire
> >    control word or a DetNet control word ...
> > GIM>> Your observation is correct. Value 0x0 is used by three services that 
> > are listed in the IANA registry in Section 3. But two of these services use 
> > four-octet long format, while one - eight-octet long format. Thus, three 
> > entries in the registry but only two formats.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 12) <!-- [rfced] How may we clarify "leading to [RFC4928]"?
> >
> > Original:
> > It was then discovered that
> >    non-IP packets, misidentified as IP when the heuristic failed, were
> >    being badly load balanced, leading to [RFC4928].
> >
> > Perhaps:
> >    It was then discovered that
> >    non-IP packets, misidentified as IP when the heuristic failed, were
> >    being badly load-balanced, leading to the scenario described in 
> > [RFC4928].
> > GIM>> Thank you for your creative editing! I agree with the proposed update.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 13) <!-- [rfced] What does "it" refer to here?
> >
> > Original:
> >    It would assist with the progress toward a simpler, more coherent
> >    system of MPLS data encapsulation if the use a PSH for non-IP
> >    payloads encapsulated in MPLS was obsoleted.
> >
> > Perhaps:
> >    If the use a PSH for non-IP
> >    payloads encapsulated in MPLS were obsoleted, this would assist with
> >    the progress toward a simpler, more coherent
> >    system of MPLS data encapsulation
> >
> > Or:
> >    Obsoleting the use a PSH for non-IP
> >    payloads encapsulated in MPLS would assist with the progress toward a 
> > simpler, more coherent
> >    system of MPLS data encapsulation.
> > GIM>> Thank you for proposing two excellent options.I slightly prefer the 
> > second with a minor modification (two options ;-) :
> > s/the use a PSH/the use of a PSH/ or s/the use a PSH/using a PSH/
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 14) <!-- [rfced] Please review "to load-balancing MPLS data flows". Should 
> > the
> > "load balance" be used instead of the "load-balancing"? Or
> > is the current correct?
> >
> > Original:
> >    However, before that
> >    can be done, it is important to collect sufficient evidence that
> >    there are no marketed or deployed implementations using the heuristic
> >    practice to load-balancing MPLS data flows.
> >
> > Perhaps:
> >    However, before that
> >    can be done, it is important to collect sufficient evidence that
> >    there are no marketed or deployed implementations using the heuristic
> >    practice to load balance MPLS data flows.
> > GIM>> I think that the current form is acceptable. What do other authors 
> > think?
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 15) <!-- [rfced] We removed the expansion "Network Service Header" in Table 
> > 1 as
> > this is expanded previously in the document. If no objections, we will
> > ask IANA to update the "Post-Stack First Nibble" registry accordingly
> > prior to publication.
> >
> > Link to registry: 
> > https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Fpost-stack-first-nibble&data=05%7C02%7Cmatthew.bocci%40nokia.com%7C8f9821d8e9c94a4affb208dd93f38fd0%7C5d4717519675428d917b70f44f9630b0%7C0%7C0%7C638829396764446385%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gz3KCSRJkFUXqjZhW6jTKBtAxqfOPeeoJY0WaeOwpIk%3D&reserved=0
> >
> > Original:
> >   | NSH      | 0x0   | NSH (Network Service Header)
> >   |          |       | Base Header, payload
> >
> > Current:
> >   | NSH      | 0x0   | NSH Base Header, paylod
> > GIM>> I agree; your update makes the table easier to read.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 16) <!-- [rfced] Abbreviations
> >
> > a) FYI - We updated the expansion for LSE as follows to align with the
> > expansion used in RFCs-to-be 9789 and 9791. Also, "Label Stack Element" has
> > not been used in published RFCs.
> >
> > Original:
> >   Label Stack Element
> >
> > Updated:
> >   Label Stack Entry
> > GIM>> Great catch, thank you. I agree.
> >
> >
> > b) FYI - We have added expansions for the following abbreviations
> > per Section 3.6 of RFC 7322 ("RFC Style Guide"). Please review each
> > expansion in the document carefully to ensure correctness.
> >
> > Deterministic Networking (DetNet)
> > Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
> > Media Access Control (MAC)
> > GIM>> Thank you for your thorough work with the document. I agree.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > 17) <!-- [rfced] Please review the "Inclusive Language" portion of the 
> > online
> > Style Guide 
> > <https://www.rfc-editor.org/styleguide/part2/#inclusive_language>
> > and let us know if any changes are needed.  Updates of this nature typically
> > result in more precise language, which is helpful for readers.
> >
> > Note that our script did not flag any words in particular, but this should
> > still be reviewed as a best practice.
> > GIM>> Thank you for checking that. I couldn't find anything that raises a 
> > red flag.
> > -->
> >
> >
> > Thank you.
> >
> > RFC Editor/rv
> >
> >
> >
> > On May 13, 2025, at 9:19 PM, rfc-edi...@rfc-editor.org wrote:
> >
> > *****IMPORTANT*****
> >
> > Updated 2025/05/13
> >
> > RFC Author(s):
> > --------------
> >
> > Instructions for Completing AUTH48
> >
> > Your document has now entered AUTH48.  Once it has been reviewed and
> > approved by you and all coauthors, it will be published as an RFC.
> > If an author is no longer available, there are several remedies
> > available as listed in the FAQ (https://www.rfc-editor.org/faq/).
> >
> > You and you coauthors are responsible for engaging other parties
> > (e.g., Contributors or Working Group) as necessary before providing
> > your approval.
> >
> > Planning your review
> > ---------------------
> >
> > Please review the following aspects of your document:
> >
> > *  RFC Editor questions
> >
> >   Please review and resolve any questions raised by the RFC Editor
> >   that have been included in the XML file as comments marked as
> >   follows:
> >
> >   <!-- [rfced] ... -->
> >
> >   These questions will also be sent in a subsequent email.
> >
> > *  Changes submitted by coauthors
> >
> >   Please ensure that you review any changes submitted by your
> >   coauthors.  We assume that if you do not speak up that you
> >   agree to changes submitted by your coauthors.
> >
> > *  Content
> >
> >   Please review the full content of the document, as this cannot
> >   change once the RFC is published.  Please pay particular attention to:
> >   - IANA considerations updates (if applicable)
> >   - contact information
> >   - references
> >
> > *  Copyright notices and legends
> >
> >   Please review the copyright notice and legends as defined in
> >   RFC 5378 and the Trust Legal Provisions
> >   (TLP – https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
> >
> > *  Semantic markup
> >
> >   Please review the markup in the XML file to ensure that elements of
> >   content are correctly tagged.  For example, ensure that <sourcecode>
> >   and <artwork> are set correctly.  See details at
> >   <https://authors.ietf.org/rfcxml-vocabulary>.
> >
> > *  Formatted output
> >
> >   Please review the PDF, HTML, and TXT files to ensure that the
> >   formatted output, as generated from the markup in the XML file, is
> >   reasonable.  Please note that the TXT will have formatting
> >   limitations compared to the PDF and HTML.
> >
> >
> > Submitting changes
> > ------------------
> >
> > To submit changes, please reply to this email using ‘REPLY ALL’ as all
> > the parties CCed on this message need to see your changes. The parties
> > include:
> >
> >   *  your coauthors
> >
> >   *  rfc-edi...@rfc-editor.org (the RPC team)
> >
> >   *  other document participants, depending on the stream (e.g.,
> >      IETF Stream participants are your working group chairs, the
> >      responsible ADs, and the document shepherd).
> >
> >   *  auth48archive@rfc-editor.org, which is a new archival mailing list
> >      to preserve AUTH48 conversations; it is not an active discussion
> >      list:
> >
> >     *  More info:
> >        
> > https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/ietf-announce/yb6lpIGh-4Q9l2USxIAe6P8O4Zc
> >
> >     *  The archive itself:
> >        https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/auth48archive/
> >
> >     *  Note: If only absolutely necessary, you may temporarily opt out
> >        of the archiving of messages (e.g., to discuss a sensitive matter).
> >        If needed, please add a note at the top of the message that you
> >        have dropped the address. When the discussion is concluded,
> >        auth48archive@rfc-editor.org will be re-added to the CC list and
> >        its addition will be noted at the top of the message.
> >
> > You may submit your changes in one of two ways:
> >
> > An update to the provided XML file
> > — OR —
> > An explicit list of changes in this format
> >
> > Section # (or indicate Global)
> >
> > OLD:
> > old text
> >
> > NEW:
> > new text
> >
> > You do not need to reply with both an updated XML file and an explicit
> > list of changes, as either form is sufficient.
> >
> > We will ask a stream manager to review and approve any changes that seem
> > beyond editorial in nature, e.g., addition of new text, deletion of text,
> > and technical changes.  Information about stream managers can be found in
> > the FAQ.  Editorial changes do not require approval from a stream manager.
> >
> >
> > Approving for publication
> > --------------------------
> >
> > To approve your RFC for publication, please reply to this email stating
> > that you approve this RFC for publication.  Please use ‘REPLY ALL’,
> > as all the parties CCed on this message need to see your approval.
> >
> >
> > Files
> > -----
> >
> > The files are available here:
> >   https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.xml
> >   https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.html
> >   https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.pdf
> >   https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790.txt
> >
> > Diff file of the text:
> >   https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-diff.html
> >   https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-rfcdiff.html (side by side)
> >
> > Alt-diff of the text (allows you to more easily view changes
> > where text has been deleted or moved):
> >   https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-alt-diff.html
> >
> > Diff of the XML:
> >   https://www.rfc-editor.org/authors/rfc9790-xmldiff1.html
> >
> >
> > Tracking progress
> > -----------------
> >
> > The details of the AUTH48 status of your document are here:
> >   https://www.rfc-editor.org/auth48/rfc9790
> >
> > Please let us know if you have any questions.
> >
> > Thank you for your cooperation,
> >
> > RFC Editor
> >
> > --------------------------------------
> > RFC9790 (draft-ietf-mpls-1stnibble-13)
> >
> > Title            : IANA Registry and Processing Recommendations for the 
> > First Nibble Following a Label Stack
> > Author(s)        : K. Kompella, S. Bryant, M. Bocci, G. Mirsky, L. 
> > Andersson, J. Dong
> > WG Chair(s)      : Tarek Saad, Tony Li, Adrian Farrel
> >
> > Area Director(s) : Jim Guichard, Ketan Talaulikar, Gunter Van de Velde

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