Ernie : How about Steady State Mark II ? There was an astronomer named Opik, I think, who postulated an "oscillating universe" once upon a time, way back in the Hoyle era. Maybe it merits a second look. Possibly the universe is more like a lumpy soup, under a fire which sometimes is really hot, then sometimes is not. Not a stove but more like a camp fire that needs to be stoked with a new batch of wood now and then. So we would get Big Bangs now and then, roughly 15 billion years apart followed by gradual collapses, then the process repeats itself. My thoughts for now, for what they may be worth, perhaps next to nothing. But I gotta tell you, what has always attracted me to Hoyle despite all the evidence in favor of Gamow has been a question : How can there not be a universe ? Ever. Billy ===================================================== In a message dated 4/5/2010 1:39:39 P.M. Pacific Daylight Time, [email protected] writes:
HI Billy, Interesting, though I worry the journalism may not do justice to the science. It is quite possible the current inflationary big bang theory is flawed. On the other hand, I strongly doubt we're going back all the way to a Steady State model of the cosmos, given all the other evidence that the universe is decaying over time. -- Ernie P. On Apr 5, 2010, at 11:49 AM, [email protected]_ (mailto:[email protected]) wrote: Times of India Indian, US scientists question Big Bang theory IANS, Apr 5, 2010, 09.59am IST NEW DELHI: An Indian and an American scientist have questioned the Big Bang theory, saying it does not serve as a viable explanation for the origin of the universe. The research papers of Ashwini Kumar Lal of India's Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation and Rhawn Joseph of Northern California's Brain Research _Laboratory_ (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-US-scientists-question-Big-Bang-theory/articleshow/5761894.cms#) have been accepted for publication in the April issue of the peer-reviewed Harvard journal, Journal of Cosmology. The research papers come even as scientists at Geneva's European Organization for _Nuclear_ (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-US-scientists-question-Big-Bang-theory/articleshow/5761894.cms#) Research (CERN) are in the midst of experiments on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) recreating conditions of the beginning of the universe. "The two scientific papers cast shadows of suspicion over the efficacy of the Big Bang model. The scientific community may have to ponder afresh over the issue relating to the origin of the universe," Lal told IANS here. He also noted that CERN scientists "are trying to jigsaw a theory which fits the conditions of the Big Bang model". "The Big Bang is said to have occurred 13.75 billion years. But there is evidence, as I have written in my paper, that there were fully formed distant galaxies that must have already been billions of years old at the time," he added. In his paper "Big Bang? A Critical Review", Lal says: "There is a growing body of evidence which demonstrates the Universe could not have begun with a Big Bang 13.75 billion years ago. "Indeed, the day may come when it is determined there never was a Big Bang and cosmologists of the future will only gaze back in wonder at how anyone could have believed in a creation event which was refuted by so much contradictory evidence," he adds. According to the paper, one of the "acid tests" relating to the validity of the Big Bang model is the "detection of remnants of _gravity_ (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-US-scientists-question-Big-Bang-theory/a rticleshow/5761894.cms#) waves from the earliest epoch of the universe. "Existence of gravitational wave background, as predicted by Einstein in 1916 in his general theory of relativity, is expected from the violent early moments of the Big Bang much like the cosmic microwave background that fills the sky with radio waves from the early universe," Lal says. While the microwave background presumably originated 380,000 years after the Big Bang, the gravitational wave background purportedly comes directly from events in the first minute after the Big Bang, the scientist says. "The cataclysmic Big Bang is believed to have created a flood of gravitational waves; ripples in the fabric of space-time. These gravitational waves should still fill the universe. "However, presumably they are at a very feeble strength and cannot be detected by conventional _astronomical_ (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-US-scientists-question-Big-Bang-theory/articleshow/5761894.cms#) tools. Nevertheless, they should carry information about the universe as it was in the immediate aftermath of the Big Bang. "If these waves cannot be detected, this challenges the Big Bang," Lal maintains. He also points out that lots of metal has been detected in distant _quasars_ (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-US-scientists-question-Big-Bang-theory/articleshow/5761894.cms#) and galaxies, "and if distance is related to age, this means that many of the oldest, most distant galaxies are metal rich; and this defies the predictions of the Big Bang". This means there are "fully formed distant galaxies that must have already been billions of years old over 13 billion years ago, which would make them older than the Big Bang", Lal contends. Lal closely studied 38 research works in the areas of astrophysics, physics and cosmology before writing his paper. This is his third paper on the subject to be published in a foreign journal. The others are Origin of Life (Astrophysics and Space Science, October 2008) and Searching for Life on Habitable Planets and _Moons_ (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-US-scientists-question-Big-Bang-theory/articleshow/5761894.cms#) (Journal of Cosmology, February 2010). He also has to his credit some 30 research papers published in Indian journals _______________________________________________ Centroids mailing list: [email protected]_ (mailto:[email protected]) _http://radicalcentrism.com/mailman/listinfo/centroids_radicalcentrism.com_ (http://radicalcentrism.com/mailman/listinfo/centroids_radicalcentrism.com) Archives at http://radicalcentrism.org/pipermail/centroids_radicalcentrism.com/ _______________________________________________ Centroids mailing list: [email protected] http://radicalcentrism.com/mailman/listinfo/centroids_radicalcentrism.com Archives at http://radicalcentrism.org/pipermail/centroids_radicalcentrism.com/
_______________________________________________ Centroids mailing list: [email protected] http://radicalcentrism.com/mailman/listinfo/centroids_radicalcentrism.com Archives at http://radicalcentrism.org/pipermail/centroids_radicalcentrism.com/
