As has been said, Git was built knowing that branching is an important task - 
and so creating and using branches is easy, fast, and flexible.

(I used to work on a large project that used SVN, and I had half a dozen 
checked-out copies because I often worked on multiple things and switching 
branches with SVN was so slow.)

I very much recommend the branching strategy Jonah linked to ( 
http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/ ), it might seem like 
overkill, but it really does make sense.


I'm also going to repeat a couple of things that have already been said, 
because I think it's beneficial to say them in a different way. :)


Git allows you to move all uncommitted changes to a temporary branch, and to 
retrieve again later, using "git stash" command.
Also, if you want to, you can convert stashes into real branches (with a single 
command).

See http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-stash.html for info.


Git allows changes to be staged in parts with "git add --patch <filename>" - 
this will step you through a list of changes in that file, and allows you to 
indicate if each change should be staged or not, as well as splitting each one 
into smaller changes.

I do this all the time, when I've got multiple unrelated changed that each 
deserve independent commit messages.
Once you understand what's happening, it's not hard to handle. (Unless the 
changes are not unrelated, but that's a different problem.)

Details at http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-add.html


Also worth pointing out, aside from those man pages, there's a number of good 
documentation sources for git:

http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/user-manual.html
http://progit.org/book (also available as a physical book)
http://book.git-scm.com 

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