http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/opennlp-sandbox/blob/1f97041b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/151ted_doris_kearns_goodwin_on_learning_from_past_presidents.txt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/151ted_doris_kearns_goodwin_on_learning_from_past_presidents.txt b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/151ted_doris_kearns_goodwin_on_learning_from_past_presidents.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f8c24d --- /dev/null +++ b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/151ted_doris_kearns_goodwin_on_learning_from_past_presidents.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +So , indeed , I have spent my life looking into the lives of presidents who are no longer alive . Waking up with Abraham Lincoln in the morning , thinking of Franklin Roosevelt when I went to bed at night . But when I try and think about what I 've learned about the meaning in life , my mind keeps wandering back to a seminar that I took when I was a graduate student at Harvard with the great psychologist Erik Erikson . He taught us that the richest and fullest lives attempt to achieve an inner balance between three realms : work , love and play . And that to pursue one realm to the disregard of the other , is to open oneself to ultimate sadness in older age . Whereas to pursue all three with equal dedication , is to make possible a life filled , not only with achievement , but with serenity . So since I tell stories , let me look back on the lives of two of the presidents I 've studied to illustrate this point -- Abraham Lincoln and Lyndon Johnson . As for that first sphere of work , I think what Abraham Lincoln 's life suggests is that fierce ambition is a good thing . He had a huge ambition . But it was n't simply for office or power or celebrity or fame -- what it was for was to accomplish something worthy enough in life so that he could make the world a little better place for his having lived in it . Even as a child , it seemed , Lincoln dreamed heroic dreams . He somehow had to escape that hard-scrabble farm from which he was born . No schooling was possible for him , except a few weeks here , a few weeks there . But he read books in every spare moment he could find . It was said when he got a copy of the King James Bible or " Aesop 's Fables , " he was so excited he could n't sleep . He could n't eat . The great poet Emily Dickinson once said , " There is no frigate like a book to take us lands away . " How true for Lincoln . Though he never would travel to Europe , he went with Shakespeare 's kings to merry England , he went with Lord Byron 's poetry t o Spain and Portugal . Literature allowed him to transcend his surroundings . But there were so many losses in his early life that he was haunted by death . His mother died when he was only nine years old . His only sister , Sarah , in childbirth a few years later . And his first love , Ann Rutledge , at the age of 22. Moreover , when his mother lay dying she did not hold out for him the hope that they would meet in an afterworld . She simply said to him , " Abraham , I 'm going away from you now , and I shall never return . " As a result he became obsessed with the thought that when we die our life is swept away , dust to dust . But only as he grew older did he develop a certain consolation from an ancient Greek notion -- but followed by other cultures as well -- that if you could accomplish something worthy in your life , you could live on in the memory of others . Your honor and your reputation would outlive your earthly existence . And that worthy ambition became his lodestar . It carried him through the one significant depression that he suffered when he was in his early 30s . Three things had combined to lay him low . He had broken his engagement with Mary Todd , not certain he was ready to marry her , but knowing how devastating it was to her that he did that . His one intimate friend , Joshua Speed , was leaving Illinois to go back to Kentucky because Speed 's father had died . And his political career in the state legislature was on a downward slide . He was so depressed that friends worried he was suicidal . They took all knives and razors and scissors from his room . And his great friend Speed went to his side and said , " Lincoln , you must rally or you will die . " He said that , " I would just as soon die right now , but I 've not yet done anything to make any human being remember that I have lived . " So fuelled by that ambition , he returned to the state legislature . He eventually won a seat in Congress . He then ran twice for the Senate , los t twice . " Everyone is broken by life , " Ernest Hemingway once said , " but some people are stronger in the broken places . " So then he surprised the nation with an upset victory for the presidency over three far more experienced , far more educated , far more celebrated rivals . And then when he won the general election , he stunned the nation even more by appointing each of these three rivals into his Cabinet . It was an unprecedented act at the time because everybody thought , " He 'll look like a figurehead compared to these people . " They said , " Why are you doing this , Lincoln ? " And he said , " Look , these are the strongest and most able men in the country . The country is in peril . I need them by my side . " But perhaps my old friend , Lyndon Johnson might have put it in less noble fashion , " Better to have your enemies inside the tent pissing out , than outside the tent pissing in . " ( Laughter ) But it soon became clear that Abraham Lincoln would emerge as the u ndisputed captain of this unruly team . For each of them soon came to understand that he possessed an unparalleled array of emotional strengths and political skills that proved far more important than the thinness of his external résumé . For one thing , he possessed an uncanny ability to empathize with and to think about other peoples ' point of view . He repaired injured feelings that might have escalated into permanent hostility . He shared credit with ease , assumed responsibility for the failure of his subordinates , constantly acknowledged his errors and learned from his mistakes . These are the qualities we should be looking for in our candidates in 2008. ( Applause ) He refused to be provoked by petty grievances . He never submitted to jealousy or brooded over perceived slights . And he expressed his unshakeable convictions in everyday language , in metaphors , in stories . And with a beauty of language , almost as if the Shakespeare and the poetry he had so loved as a chi ld had worked their way into his very soul . In 1863 , when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed , he brought his old friend , Joshua Speed , back to the White House . And remembered that conversation of decades before , when he was so sad . And he , pointing to the Proclamation said , " I believe in this measure my fondest hopes will be realized . " But as he was about to put his signature on the Proclamation his own hand was numb and shaking because he had shaken a thousand hands that morning at a New Year 's reception . So he put the pen down . He said , " If ever my soul were in an act , it is in this act . But if I sign with a shaking hand , posterity will say , 'He hesitated . ' " So he waited until he could take up the pen and sign with a bold and clear hand . But even in his wildest dreams , Lincoln could never have imagined how far his reputation would reach . I was so thrilled to find an interview with the great Russian writer , Leo Tolstoy , in a New York newspaper in the early 1900s . And in it , Tolstoy told of a trip that he 'd recently made to a very remote area of the Caucasus , where there were only wild barbarians , who had never left this part of Russia . Knowing that Tolstoy was in their midst , they asked him to tell stories of the great men of history . So he said , " I told them about Napoleon and Alexander the Great and Frederick the Great and Julius Caesar , and they loved it . But before I finished , the chief of the barbarians stood up and said , " But wait , you have n't told us about the greatest ruler of them all . We want to hear about that man who spoke with a voice of thunder , who laughed like the sunrise , who came from that place called America , which is so far from here , that if a young man should travel there , he would be an old man when he arrived . Tell us of that man . Tell us of Abraham Lincoln . ' " He was stunned . He told them everything he could about Lincoln . And then in the interview he said , " What made Lincoln so great ? Not as great a general as Napoleon , not as great a statesman as Frederick the Great . " But his greatness consisted , and historians would roundly agree , in the integrity of his character and the moral fiber of his being . So in the end that powerful ambition that had carried Lincoln through his bleak childhood had been realized . That ambition that had allowed him to laboriously educate himself by himself , to go through that string of political failures and the darkest days of the war . His story would be told . So as for that second sphere , not of work , but of love -- encompassing family , friends and colleagues -- it , too , takes work and commitment . The Lyndon Johnson that I saw in the last years of his life , when I helped him on his memoirs , was a man who had spent so many years in the pursuit of work , power and individual success , that he had absolutely no psychic or emotional resources left to get him through the days once the Presidency was gon e . My relationship with him began on a rather curious level . I was selected as a White House Fellow when I was 24 years old . We had a big dance at the White House . President Johnson did dance with me that night . Not that peculiar -- there were only three women out of the 16 White House Fellows . But he did whisper in my ear that he wanted me to work directly for him in the White House . But it was not to be that simple . For in the months leading up to my selection , like many young people , I 'd been active in the anti-Vietnam War movement , and had written an article against Lyndon Johnson , which unfortunately came out in The New Republic two days after the dance in the White House . ( Laugher ) And the theme of the article was how to remove Lyndon Johnson from power . ( Laughter ) So I was certain he would kick me out of the program . But instead , surprisingly , he said , " Oh , bring her down here for a year , and if I ca n't win her over , no one can . " So I did end up working for him in the White House . Eventually accompanied him to his ranch to help him on those memoirs , never fully understanding why he 'd chosen me to spend so many hours with . I like to believe it was because I was a good listener . He was a great story teller . Fabulous , colorful , anecdotal stories . There was a problem with these stories , however , which I later discovered , which is that half of them were n't true . But they were great , nonetheless . ( Laughter ) So I think that part of his attraction for me was that I loved listening to his tall tales . But I also worried that part of it was that I was then a young woman . And he had had somewhat of a minor league womanizing reputation . So I constantly chatted to him about boyfriends , even when I did n't have any at all . Everything was working perfectly , until one day he said he wanted to discuss our relationship . Sounded very ominous when he took me nearby to the lake , conveniently called Lake Lyndon Baines Jo hnson . And there was wine and cheese and a red-checked tablecloth -- all the romantic trappings . And he started out , " Doris , more than any other woman I have ever known ... " And my heart sank . And then he said , " You remind me of my mother . " ( Laughter ) It was pretty embarrassing , given what was going on in my mind . But I must say , the older I 've gotten , the more I realize what an incredible privilege it was to have spent so many hours with this aging lion of a man . A victor in a thousand contests , three great civil rights laws , Medicare , aid to education . And yet , roundly defeated in the end by the war in Vietnam . And because he was so sad and so vulnerable , he opened up to me in ways he never would have had I know him at the height of his power -- sharing his fears , his sorrows and his worries . And I 'd like to believe that the privilege fired within me the drive to understand the inner person behind the public figure , that I 've tried to bring to each o f my books since then . But it also brought home to me the lessons which Erik Erikson had tried to instill in all of us , about the importance of finding balance in life . For on the surface , Lyndon Johnson should have had everything in the world to feel good about in those last years , in the sense that he had been elected to the Presidency . He had all the money he needed to pursue any leisure activity he wanted . He owned a spacious ranch in the countryside , a penthouse in the city . Sailboats , speedboats . He had servants to answer any whim , and he had a family who loved him deeply . And yet , years of concentration solely on work and individual success meant that in his retirement he could find no solace in family , in recreation , in sports or in hobbies . It was almost as if the hole in his heart was so large that even the love of a family , without work , could not fill it . As his spirits sagged , his body deteriorated until , I believe , he slowly brought about his own death . In those last years , he said he was so sad watching the American people look toward a new President and forgetting him . He spoke with immense sadness in his voice , saying maybe he should have spent more time with his children , and their children in turn . But it was too late . Despite all that power , all that wealth , he was alone when he finally died -- his ultimate terror realized . So as for that third sphere of play , which he never had learned to enjoy , I 've learned over the years that even this sphere requires a commitment of time and energy . Enough so that a hobby , a sport , a love of music , or art , or literature , or any form of recreation , can provide true pleasure , relaxation and replenishment . So deep , for instance , was Abraham Lincoln 's love of Shakespeare , that he made time to spend more than a hundred nights in the theatre , even during those dark days of the war . He said , when the lights went down and a Shakespeare play came on , for a few precious hours he could imagine himself back in Prince Hal 's time . But an even more important form of relaxation for him , that Lyndon Johnson never could enjoy , was a love of , somehow , humor . And feeling out what hilarious parts of life can produce as side light to the sadness . He once said that he laughed so he did not cry . That a good story for him was better than a drop of whiskey . His storytelling powers had first been recognized when he was on the circuit in Illinois . The lawyers and the judges would travel from one county courthouse to the other , and when anyone was knowing Lincoln was in town , they would come from miles around to listen to him tell stories . He would stand with his back against a fire and entertain the crowd for hours with his winding tales . And all these stories became part of his memory bank , so he could call on them whenever he needed to . And they 're not quite what you might expect from our marble monument . One of his favorite stories , for example , had to do with the revolutionary war hero , Ethan Allen . And as Lincoln told the story , Mr. Allen went to Britain after the war . And the British people were still upset about losing the revolution , so they decided to embarrass him a little bit by putting a huge picture of General Washington in the only outhouse , where he 'd have to encounter it . They figured he 'd be upset about the indignity of George Washington being in an outhouse . But he came out of the outhouse not upset at all . And so they said , " Well , did you see George Washington in there ? " " Oh , yes , " he said , " perfectly appropriate place for him . " " What do you mean ? " they said . " Well , " he said , " there 's nothing to make an Englishman shit faster than the sight of General George Washington . " ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) So you can imagine , if you are in the middle of a tense cabinet meeting -- and he had hundreds of these stories -- you would have to relax . So between his nightly treks to the theatre , his story telling , and his extraordinary sense of humor and his love of quoting Shakespeare and poetry , he found that form of play which carried him through his days. In my own life , I shall always be grateful for having found a form of play in my irrational love of baseball . Which allows me from the beginning of spring training to the end of the fall to have something to occupy my mind and heart other than my work . It all began when I was only six years old , and my father taught me that mysterious art of keeping score while listening to baseball games . So that when he went to work in New York during the day , I could record for him the history of that afternoon 's Brooklyn Dodgers game . Now , when you 're only six years old , and your father comes home every single night and listens to you -- as I now realize that I , in excruciating detail , recounted every single play of every inning of the game that had just taken place that afternoon . But he made me feel I was telling him a fabulous story . It makes you think there 's something magic about history to keep your father 's attention . In fact , I 'm convinced I learned the narrative art from those nightly sessions with my father . Because at first , I 'd be so excited I would blurt out , " The Dodgers won ! " or , " The Dodgers lost ! " Which took much of the drama of this two-hour-telling away . ( Laughter ) So I finally learned you had to tell a story from beginning to middle to end . I must say , so fervent was my love of the old Brooklyn Dodgers in those days , that I had to confess in my first confession two sins that related to baseball . The first occurred because the Dodgers ' catcher , Roy Campanella , came to my hometown of Rockville Centre , Long Island , just as I was in preparation for my first Holy Communion . And I was so excited -- first person I 'd ever see outside of Ebbets Field . But it so happened he was speaking in a Protestant Church . When you are broug ht up as a Catholic , you think that if you ever set foot in a Protestant Church , you 'll be struck dead at the threshold . So I went to my father in tears , " What are we going to do ? " He said , " Do n't worry . He 's speaking in a parish hall . We 're sitting in folding chairs . He 's talking about sportsmanship . It 's not a sin . " But as I left that night , I was certain that somehow I 'd traded the life of my everlasting soul for this one night with Roy Campanella . ( Laughter ) And there were no indulgences around that I could buy . So I had this sin on my soul when I went to my first confession . I told the priest right away . He said , " No problem . It was n't a religious service . " But then , unfortunately , he said , " And what else , my child ? " And then came my second sin . I tried to sandwich it in between talking too much in church , wishing harm to others , being mean to my sisters . And he said , " To whom did you wish harm ? " And I had to say that I wished t hat various New York Yankees players would break arms , legs and ankles -- ( Laughter ) -- so that the Brooklyn Dodgers could win their first World Series . He said , " How often do you make these horrible wishes ? " And I had to say , every night when I said my prayers . ( Laughter ) So he said , " Look , I 'll tell you something . I love the Brooklyn Dodgers , as you do , but I promise you some day they will win fairly and squarely . You do not need to wish harm on others to make it happen . " " Oh yes , " I said . But luckily , my first confession -- to a baseball-loving priest ! ( Laughter ) Well , though my father died of a sudden heart attack when I was still in my 20s , before I had gotten married and had my three sons , I have passed his memory -- as well as his love of baseball -- on to my boys . Though when the Dodgers abandoned us to come to L. A. , I lost faith in baseball until I moved to Boston and became an irrational Red Socks fan . And I must say , even now , when I sit with my sons with our season tickets , I can sometimes close my eyes against the sun and imagine myself , a young girl once more , in the presence of my father , watching the players of my youth on the grassy fields below . Jackie Robinson , Roy Campanella , Pee Wee Reese , and Duke Snider . I must say there is magic in these moments . When I open my eyes and I see my sons in the place where my father once sat , I feel an invisible loyalty and love linking my sons to the grandfather whose face they never had a chance to see , but whose heart and soul they have come to know through all the stories I have told . Which is why in the end , I shall always be grateful for this curious love of history , allowing me to spend a lifetime looking back into the past . Allowing me to learn from these large figures about the struggle for meaning for life . Allowing me to believe that the private people we have loved and lost in our families , and the public figures we have respected in our h istory , just as Abraham Lincoln wanted to believe , really can live on , so long as we pledge to tell and to retell the stories of their lives . Thank you for letting me be that storyteller today . ( Applause ) Thank you . \ No newline at end of file
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/opennlp-sandbox/blob/1f97041b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/152ted_elliot_krane_the_mystery_of_chronic_pain.txt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/152ted_elliot_krane_the_mystery_of_chronic_pain.txt b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/152ted_elliot_krane_the_mystery_of_chronic_pain.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48e657e --- /dev/null +++ b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/152ted_elliot_krane_the_mystery_of_chronic_pain.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +I 'm a pediatrician and an anesthesiologist , so I put children to sleep for a living . ( Laughter ) And I 'm an academic , so I put audiences to sleep for free . ( Laughter ) But what I actually mostly do is a manage the pain management service at the Packard Children 's Hospital up at Stanford in Palo Alto . And it 's from the experience from about 20 or 25 years of doing that that I want to bring to you the message this morning , that pain is a disease . Now most of the time , you think of pain as a symptom of a disease . And that 's true most of the time . It 's the symptom of a tumor or an infection or an inflammation or an operation . But about 10 percent of the time , after the patient has recovered from one of those events , pain persists . It persists for months and oftentimes for years . And when that happens , it is its own disease . And before I tell you about how it is that we think that happens and what we can do about it , I want to show you how it feels for my patien ts . So imagine , if you will , that I 'm stroking your arm with this feather , as I 'm stroking my arm right now . Now , I want you to imagine that I 'm stroking it with this . Please keep your seat . ( Laughter ) A very different feeling . Now what does it have to do with chronic pain ? Imagine , if you will , these two ideas together . Imagine what your life would be like if I were to stroke it with this feather , but your brain was telling you that this is what you are feeling -- and that is the experience of my patients with chronic pain . In fact , imagine something even worse . Imagine I were to stroke your child 's arm with this feather , and their brain [ was ] telling them that they were feeling this hot torch . That was the experience of my patient , Chandler , whom you see in the photograph . As you can see , she 's a beautiful , young woman . She was 16 years old last year when I met her , and she aspired to be a professional dancer . And during the course of one of her dance rehearsals , she fell on her outstretched arm and sprained her wrist . Now you would probably imagine , as she did , that a wrist sprain is a trivial event in a person 's life . Wrap it in an ACE bandage , take some ibuprofen for a week or two , and that 's the end of the story . But in Chandler 's case , that was the beginning of the story . This is what her arm looked like when she came to my clinic about three months after her sprain . You can see that the arm is discolored , purplish in color . It was cadaverically cold to the touch . The muscles were frozen , paralyzed -- dystonic is how we refer to that . The pain had spread from her wrist to her hands , to her fingertips , from her wrist up to her elbow , almost all the way to her shoulder . But the worst part was , not the spontaneous pain that was there 24 hours a day . The worst part was that she had allodynia , the medical term for the phenomenon that I just illustrated with the feather and with the torch . The lig htest touch of her arm -- the touch of a hand , the touch even of a sleeve , of a garment , as she put it on -- caused excruciating , burning pain . How can the nervous system get this so wrong ? How can the nervous system misinterpret an innocent sensation like the touch of a hand and turn it into the malevolent sensation of the touch of the flame . Well you probably imagine that the nervous system in the body is hardwired like your house . In your house , wires run in the wall , from the light switch to a junction box in the ceiling and from the junction box to the light bulb . And when you turn the switch on , the light goes on . And when you turn the switch off , the light goes off . So people imagine the nervous system is just like that . If you hit your thumb with a hammer , these wires in your arm -- that , of course , we call nerves -- transmit the information into the junction box in the spinal cord where new wires , new nerves , take the information up to the brain where y ou become consciously aware that your thumb is now hurt . But the situation , of course , in the human body is far more complicated than that . Instead of it being the case that that junction box in the spinal cord is just simple where one nerve connects with the next nerve by releasing these little brown packets of chemical information called neurotransmitters in a linear one-on-one fashion , in fact , what happens is the neurotransmitters spill out in three dimensions -- laterally , vertically , up and down in the spinal cord -- and they start interacting with other adjacent cells . These cells , called glial cells , were once thought to be unimportant structural elements of the spinal cord that did nothing more than hold all the important things together , like the nerves . But it turns out the glial cells have a vital role in the modulation , amplification and , in the case of pain , the distortion of sensory experiences . These glial cells become activated . Their DNA starts to synthesize new proteins , which spill out and interact with adjacent nerves . And they start releasing their neurotransmitters . And those neurotransmitters spill out and activate adjacent glial cells , and so on and so forth , until what we have is a positive feedback loop . It 's almost as if somebody came into your home and rewired your walls , so that the next time you turned on the light switch , the toilet flushed three doors down , or your dishwasher went on , or your computer monitor turned off . That 's crazy , but that 's , in fact , what happens with chronic pain . And that 's why pain becomes its own disease . The nervous system has plasticity . It changes , and it morphs in response to stimuli . Well , what do we do about that ? What can we do in a case like Chandler 's ? We treat these patients in a rather crude fashion at this point in time . We treat them with symptom-modifying drugs -- pain-killers -- which are , frankly , not very effective for this kind of pain . We take nerves that are noisy and active that should be quiet , and we put them to sleep with local anesthetics . And most importantly , what we do is we use a rigorous , and often uncomfortable , process of physical therapy and occupational therapy to retrain the nerves in the nervous system to respond normally to the activities and sensory experiences that are part of everyday life . And we support all of that with an intensive psychotherapy program to address the despondency , despair and depression that always accompanies severe , chronic pain . It 's successful , as you can see from this video of Chandler , who , two months after we first met her , is now doings a back flip . And I had lunch with her yesterday , because she 's a college student studying dance at Long Beach here . And she 's doing absolutely fantastic . But the future is actually even brighter . The future holds the promise that new drugs will be developed that are not symptom-modifying drugs that simply mask t he problem , as we have now , but that will be disease-modifying drugs that will actually go right to the root of the problem and attack those glial cells , or those pernicious proteins that the glial cells elaborate , that spill over and cause this central nervous system wind-up , or plasticity , that so is capable of distorting and amplifying the sensory experience that we call pain . So I have hope that in the future , the prophetic words of George Carlin will be realized , who said , " My philosophy : No pain , no pain . " Thank you very much . ( Applause ) \ No newline at end of file http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/opennlp-sandbox/blob/1f97041b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/153ted_eva_zeisel_on_the_playful_search_for_beauty.txt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/153ted_eva_zeisel_on_the_playful_search_for_beauty.txt b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/153ted_eva_zeisel_on_the_playful_search_for_beauty.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..162c6f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/153ted_eva_zeisel_on_the_playful_search_for_beauty.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +So I understand that this meeting was planned , and the slogan was From Was to Still . And I am illustrating Still . Which , of course , I am not agreeing with because , although I am 94 , I am not still working . And anybody who asks me , " Are you still doing this or that ? " I do n't answer because I 'm not doing things still , I 'm doing it like I always did . I still have -- or did I use the word still ? I did n't mean that . ( Laughter ) I have my file which is called To Do . I have my plans . I have my clients . I am doing my work like I always did . So this takes care of my age . I want to show you my work so you know what I am doing and why I am here . This was about 1925. All of these things were made during the last 75 years . ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) But , of course , I 'm working since 25 , doing more or less what you see here . This is Castleton China . This was an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art . This is now for sale at the Metropolitan Museum . This is still at the Metropolitan Museum now for sale . This is a portrait of my daughter and myself . ( Applause ) These were just some of the things I 've made . I made hundreds of them for the last 75 years . I call myself a maker of things . I do n't call myself an industrial designer because I 'm other things . Industrial designers want to make novel things . Novelty is a concept of commerce , not an aesthetic concept . The industrial design magazine , I believe , is called " Innovation . " Innovation is not part of the aim of my work . Well , makers of things : they make things more beautiful , more elegant , more comfortable than just the craftsmen do . I have so much to say . I have to think what I am going to say . Well , to describe our profession otherwise , we are actually concerned with the playful search for beauty . That means the playful search for beauty was called the first activity of Man . Sarah Smith , who was a mathematics professor at MIT , wrote , " The playful search for beauty was Man 's first activity -- that all useful qualities and all material qualities were developed from the playful search for beauty . " These are tiles . The word , " playful " is a necessary aspect of our work because , actually , one of our problems is that we have to make produce lovely things throughout all of life , and this for me is now 75 years . So how can you , without drying up , make things with the same pleasure , as a gift to others , for so long ? The playful is therefore an important part of our quality as designer . Let me tell you some about my life . As I said , I started to do these things 75 years ago . My first exhibition in the United States was at the Sesquicentennial exhibition in 1926 -- that the Hungarian government sent one of my hand-drawn pieces as part of the exhibit . My work actually took me through many countries , and showed me a great part of the world . This is not that they took me -- the work did n't take me -- I made the things particu larly because I wanted to use them to see the world . I was incredibly curious to see the world , and I made all these things , which then finally did take me to see many countries and many cultures . I started as an apprentice to a Hungarian craftsman , and this taught me what the guild system was in Middle Ages . The guild system : that means when I was an apprentice , I had to apprentice myself in order to become a pottery master . In my shop where I studied , or learned , there was a traditional hierarchy of master , journeyman and learned worker , and apprentice , and I worked as the apprentice . The work as an apprentice was very primitive . That means I had to actually learn every aspect of making pottery by hand . We mashed the clay with our feet when it came from the hillside . After that , it had to be kneaded . It had to then go in , kind of , a mangle . And then finally it was prepared for the throwing . And there I really worked as an apprentice . My master took me to s et ovens because this was part of oven-making , oven-setting , in the time . And finally , I had received a document that I had accomplished my apprenticeship successfully , that I had behaved morally , and this document was given to me by the Guild of Roof-Coverers , Rail-Diggers , Oven-Setters , Chimney Sweeps and Potters . ( Laughter ) I also got at the time a workbook which explained my rights and my working conditions , and I still have that workbook . First I set up a shop in my own garden , and made pottery which I sold on the marketplace in Budapest . And there I was sitting , and my then-boyfriend -- I did n't mean it was a boyfriend like it is meant today -- but my boyfriend and I sat at the market and sold the pots . My mother thought that this was not very proper , so she sat with us to add propriety to this activity . ( Laughter ) However , after a while there was a new factory being built in Budapest , a pottery factory , a large one . And I visited it with several lad ies , and asked all sorts of questions of the director . Then the director asked me , why do you ask all these questions ? I said , I also have a pottery . So he asked me , could he please visit me , and then finally he did , and explained to me that what I did now in my shop was an anachronism , that the industrial revolution had broken out , and that I rather should join the factory . There he made an art department for me where I worked for several months . However , everybody in the factory spent his time at the art department . The director there said there were several women casting and producing my designs now in molds , and this was sold also to America . I remember that it was quite successful . However , the director , the chemist , model maker -- everybody -- concerned himself much more with the art department -- that means , with my work -- than making toilets , so finally they got a letter from the center , from the bank who owned the factory , saying , make toilet-sett ing behind the art department , and that was my end . So this gave me the possibility because now I was a journeyman , and journeymen also take their satchel and go to see the world . So as a journeyman , I put an ad into the paper that I had studied , that I was a down-to-earth potter 's journeyman and I was looking for a job as a journeyman . And I got several answers , and I accepted the one which was farthest from home and practically , I thought , halfway to America . And that was in Hamburg . Then I first took this job in Hamburg , at an art pottery where everything was done on the wheel , and so I worked in a shop where there were several potters . And the first day , I was coming to take my place at the turntable -- there were three or four turntables -- and one of them , behind where I was sitting , was a hunchback , a deaf-mute hunchback , who smelled very bad . So I doused him in cologne every day , which he thought was very nice , and therefore he brought bread and butte r every day , which I had to eat out of courtesy . The first day I came to work in this shop there was on my wheel a surprise for me . My colleagues had thoughtfully put on the wheel where I was supposed to work a very nicely modeled natural man 's organs . ( Laughter ) After I brushed them off with a hand motion , they were very -- I finally was now accepted , and worked there for some six months . This was my first job . If I go on like this , you will be here till midnight . ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) So I will try speed it up a little ( Laughter ) Moderator : Eva , we have about five minutes . ( Laughter ) Eva Zeisel : Are you sure ? Moderator : Yes , I am sure . EZ : Well , if you are sure , I have to tell you that within five minutes I will talk very fast . And actually , my work took me to many countries because I used my work to fill my curiosity . And among other things , other countries I worked , was in the Soviet Union , where I worked from '32 to '37 -- actually , to '36 . I was finally there , although I had nothing to do -- I was a foreign expert . I became art director of the china and glass industry , and eventually under Stalin 's purges -- at the beginning of Stalin 's purges , I did n't know that hundreds of thousands of innocent people were arrested . So I was arrested quite early in Stalin 's purges , and spent 16 months in a Russian prison . The accusation was that I had successfully prepared an attentate on Stalin 's life . This was a very dangerous accusation . And if this is the end of my five minutes , I want to tell you that I actually did survive , which was a surprise . But since I survived and I 'm here , and since this is the end of the five minutes , I will -- Moderator : Tell me when your last trip to Russia was . Were n't you there recently ? EZ : Oh , this summer , in fact , the Lomonosov factory was bought by an American company , invited me . They found out that I had worked in '33 at this factory , and they came to my stud io in Rockland County , and brought the 15 of their artists to visit me here . And they invited myself to come to the Russian factory last summer , in July , to make some dishes , design some dishes . And since I do n't like to travel alone , they also invited my daughter , son-in-law and granddaughter , so we had a lovely trip to see Russia today , which is not a very pleasant and happy view . Here I am now , if this is the end ? Thank you . ( Applause ) \ No newline at end of file http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/opennlp-sandbox/blob/1f97041b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/154ted_ex_moonie_diane_benscoter_how_cults_think.txt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/154ted_ex_moonie_diane_benscoter_how_cults_think.txt b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/154ted_ex_moonie_diane_benscoter_how_cults_think.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8f587c --- /dev/null +++ b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/154ted_ex_moonie_diane_benscoter_how_cults_think.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +My journey to coming here today started in 1974. That 's me with the funny gloves . I was 17 and going on a peace walk . What I did n't know though , was most of those people , standing there with me , were Moonies . ( Laughter ) And within a week I had come to believe that the second coming of Christ had occurred , that it was Sun Myung Moon , and that I had been specially chosen and prepared by God to be his disciple . Now as cool as that sounds , my family was not that thrilled with this . ( Laughter ) And they tried everything they could to get me out of there . There was an underground railroad of sorts that was going on during those years . Maybe some of you remember it . They were called deprogrammers . And after about five long years my family had me deprogrammed . And I then became a deprogrammer . I started going out on cases . And after about five years of doing [ deprogramming ] I was arrested for kidnapping . Most of the cases I went out on were called involuntary . Wha t happened was that the family had to get their loved ones some safe place somehow . And so they took them to some safe place . And we would come in and talk to them , usually for about a week . And so after [ the arrest ] happened I decided it was a good time to turn my back on this work . And about 20 years went by . There was a burning question though that would not leave me . And that was , " How did this happen to me ? " And in fact , what did happen to my brain ? Because something did . And so I decided to write a book , a memoir , about this decade of my life . And toward the end of writing that book there was a documentary that came out . It was on Jonestown . And it had a chilling effect on me . These are the dead in Jonestown . About 900 people died that day . Most of them taking their own lives . Women gave poison to their babies , and watched foam come from their mouths as they died . The top picture is a group of Moonies that have been blessed by their messiah . Their m ates were chosen for them . The bottom picture is Hitler youth . This is the leg of a suicide bomber . The thing I had to admit to myself , with great repulsion , was that I get it . I understand how this could happen . I understand how someone 's brain , how someone 's mind can come to the place where it makes sense , in fact it would be wrong , when your brain is working like that , not to try to save the world through genocide . And so what is this ? How does this work ? And how I 've come to view what happened to me is a viral memetic infection . For those of you who are n't familiar with memetics , a meme has been defined as an idea that replicates in the human brian and moves from brain to brain like a virus , much like a virus . The way a virus works is -- it can infect and do the most damage to someone who has a compromised immune system . In 1974 , I was young , I was naive , and I was pretty lost in my world . I was really idealistic . These easy ideas to complex questions are very appealing when you are emotionally vulnerable . What happens is that circular logic takes over . " Moon is one with God . God is going to fix all the problems in the world . All I have to do is humbly follow . Because God is going to stop war and hunger -- all these things I wanted to do . All I have to do is humbly follow . Because after all , God is [ working through ] the messiah . He 's going to fix all this . " It becomes impenetrable . And the most dangerous part of this is that is creates " us " and " them , " " right " and " wrong , " " good " and " evil . " And it makes anything possible . Makes anything rationalizable . And the thing is , though , if you looked at my brain during those years in the Moonies -- Neuroscience is expanding exponentially , as Ray Kurzweil said yesterday . Science is expanding . We 're beginning to look inside the brain . And so if you looked at my brain , or any brain that 's infected with a viral memetic infection like this , and comp ared it to anyone in this room , or anyone who uses critical thinking on a regular basis , I am convinced it would look very , very different . And that , strange as it may sound , gives me hope . And the reason that gives me hope is that the first thing is to admit that we have a problem . But it 's a human problem . It 's a scientific problem , if you will . It happens in the human brain . There is no evil force out there to get us . And so this is something that , through research and education , I believe that we can solve . And so the first step is to realize that we can do this together , and that there is no " us " and " them . " Thank you very much . ( Applause ) \ No newline at end of file http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/opennlp-sandbox/blob/1f97041b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/155ted_hans_rosling_at_state.txt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/155ted_hans_rosling_at_state.txt b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/155ted_hans_rosling_at_state.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..18b05f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/155ted_hans_rosling_at_state.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +I 'm going to talk about your mindset . Does your mindset correspond to my dataset ? ( Laughter ) If not , one or the other needs upgrading , is n't it ? When I talk to my students about global issues , and I listen to them in the coffee break , they always talk about " we " and " them . " And when they come back into the lecture room I ask them , " What do you mean with " we " and " them " ? " Oh it 's very easy . It 's the western world and it 's the developing world . " They say . " We learned it in college . " And what is the definition then ? " The definition ? Everyone knows , " they say . But then you know , I press them like this . So one girl said , very cleverly , " It 's very easy . Western world is a long life in a small family . Developing world is a short life in a large family . " And I like that definition because it enabled me to transfer their mindset into the dataset . And here you have the dataset . So you can see that what we have on this axis here is size of fa mily . One , two , three , four , five children per woman on this axis . And here , length of life , life expectancy , 30 , 40 , 50. Exactly what the students said was their concept about the world . And really this is about the bedroom . Whether man and woman decide to have small family , and take care of their kids , and how long they will live . It 's about the bathroom and the kitchen . If you have soap , water and food , you know , you can live long . And the students were right . It was n't that the world consisted -- the world consisted here , of one set of countries over here , which had large families and short life . Developing world . And we had one set of countries up there which was the western world . They had small families and long life . And you are going to see here the amazing thing that has happened in the world during my lifetime . And then the developing countries applied soap and water , vaccination . And all the developing world start to apply family planning . And partly to USA who help to provide technical advice and investment . And you see all the world moves over to a two child family , and a life with 60 to 70 years . But some countries remain back in this area here . And you can see we still have Afghanistan down here . We have Liberia . We have Congo . So we have countries living there . So the problem I had is that the worldview that my students had correspond to reality in the world the year their teachers were born . ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) And we , in fact , when we have played this over the world . I was at the Global Health Conference here in Washington , last week , and I could see that the wrong concept even active people in the United States had . That they did n't realize the improvement of Mexico there , and China , in relation to United States . Look here when I move them forward . Here we go . They catch up . There 's Mexico . It 's on par with United States in these two social dimensions . There was less than fiv e percent of the specialists in global health that was aware of this . This great nation , Mexico , has the problem that arms are coming from north , across the borders . So they had to stop that . Because they have this strange relationship to the United States , you know . But if I would change this axis here , look , and I would instead , here , I would put income per person . Income per person . I can put that here . And we will then see a completely different picture . By the way , I 'm teaching you how to use our website , Gapminder World , while I 'm correcting this because this is a free utility on the net . And when I now finally got it right , I can go back 200 years in history . And I can find United States up there . And I can let the other countries be shown . And now I have income per person on this axis . And the United States only had someone 2,000 dollar , at that time . And the life expectancy was 35 to 40 years , on par with Afghanistan today . And what has happen ed in the world , I will show now . This is instead of studying history for one year at university . You can watch me for one minute now and you 'll see the whole thing . ( Laughter ) You can see how the brown bubbles , which is west Europe , and the yellow one , which is United States , they get richer and richer and also start to get healthier and healthier . And this is now 100 years ago where the as the rest of the world remains behind . Here we come . And that was the influenza . That 's why we are so scared about flu is n't it ? It 's still remembered . The fall of life expectancy . And then we come up . And not until independence started . Look here you have China over there , you have India over there , and this is what has happened . You note there , that we have Mexico up there . Mexico is not at all on par with the United States . But they are quite close . And especially it 's interesting to see China and the United States , during 200 years . Because I have my oldest so n now working for Google , after Google acquired this software . Because in fact this is child labor . My son and his wife sat in a closet for many years and developed this . And my youngest son , who studied Chinese in Beijing . So they come in with the two perspectives I have . You know ? And my son , youngest son who studied in Beijing , in China , he got a long term perspective . Where as when my oldest son , who work in Google , he should develop by quarter , or by half-year . Or , Google is quite generous , so he can have one or two years to go . But in China they look generation after generation because they remember the very embarrassing period , for 100 years , where they went backwards . And then they would remember the first part of the last century , which was really bad . And we could go by this so-called great leap forward . But this was 1963. Mao Tse-Tung eventually brought health to China . And then he died . And then Deng Xiaoping started this amazing move forward . Is n't it strange to see that United States first grew the economy , and then gradually got rich . Where as China could get healthy much early . Because they applied the knowledge of education , nutrition , and then also benefits of penicillin and vaccines , and family planning . And Asia could have social development before they got the economic development . So to me , as a public health professor , it 's not strange that all these countries grow so fast now . Because what you see here , what you see here is the flat world of Thomas Friedman . Is n't it ? It 's not really really flat . But the middle income countries , and this is where I suggest to my students , stop using the concept " developing world . " Because after all , talking about developing world is like having two chapters in the history of United States . The last chapter is about the present , and president Obama . And the other is about the past . Where you cover everything from Washington to Eisenhower . Because Washington to Eisenhower , that is what we find in developing world . We could actually go from Mayflower to Eisenhower , and that would be put together into a developing world . Which is rightly growing its cities in a very amazing way . Which have great entrepreneurs , but also have the collapsing countries , So how could we make a better sense about this ? Well one way of trying is to see whether we could look at income distribution . This is the income distribution of peoples in the world , from one dollar . This is where you have food to eat . These people go to bed hungry . And this is the number of people . This is 10 dollar , whether you have a public or a private health service system . This is where you can provide health service for your family , and school for your children . And this is OECD countries . Green , Latin America , East Europe . This is East Asia . And the light blue there is South Asia . And this is how the world changed . It changed like this . Can you see how it 's growing ? And how hundreds of millions and billions is coming out of poverty in Asia ? And it goes over here . And I come now , into projections . But I have to stop at the door of Lehman Brothers there . You know . Because ... ( Laughter ) Because there the projections are not valid any longer . Probably the world will do this . And then it will continue forward like this . But more or less this is what will happen . And we have a world which can not be looked upon as divided . We have the high income countries here , with United States as a leading power . We have the emerging economies in the middle , that provide a lot of the funding for the bailout . And we have the low income countries here . Yeah this is a fact that from where the money come . They have been saving , you know , over the last decade . And here we have the low income countries where entrepreneurs are . And here we have the countries in collapse and war , like Afghanistan , Somalia , parts of Congo , Darfur . We have all this at the same time . That 's why it 's so problematic to describe what has happened in the developing world . Because it 's so different , what has happened there . And that 's why I suggest a slightly different approach of what you would call it . And you have huge difference within countries also . I heard that your departments here were by regions . Here you have Sub-Saharan Africa , South Asia , East Asia , Arab states , East Europe , Latin America , and OECD . And on this axis GDP . And on this , heath , child survival . And it does n't come as a surprise that Africa , south of Sahara , is at the bottom . But when I split it , when I split it into country bubbles , the size of the bubbles here is the population . Then you see Sierra Leone and Mauritius is completely different . There is such a difference within Sub-Saharan Africa . And I can split the others . Here the South Asian , Arab world . Now all you different departments . East Europe , Latin Ame rica , and OECD countries . And here were are . We have a continuum in the world . We can not put it into two parts . It is Mayflower down here . It is Washington here , building , building countries . It 's Lincoln here , advancing them . It 's Eisenhower bringing modernity into the countries . And then it 's United States today , up here . And we have countries all this way . Now this is the important thing of understanding how the world has changed . At this point I decided to make a pause . ( Laughter ) And it is my task , on behalf of the rest of the world , to convey a thank to the U. S. taxpayers , for Demographic Health Survey . Many are not aware of -- no this is not a joke . This is very serious . It is due to USA 's continuous sponsoring during 25 years of the very good methodology for measuring child mortality that we have a grasp of what 's happening in the world . ( Applause ) And it is U. S. government at its best , without advocacy , providing facts , that it 's usef ul for the society . And providing data free of charge , on the internet , for the world to use . Thank you very much . Quite in the opposite of the World Bank , who compiled data with government money , tax money , and then they sell it to add a little profit , in a very inefficient , Guttenberg way . ( Applause ) But the people doing that at the world bank are among the best in the world . And they are highly skilled professionals . It 's just that we would like to upgrade our international agencies to deal with the world in a modern way , as we do . And when it comes to free data and transparency , United States of America is one of the best . And that does n't come easy from the mouth of a Swedish public health professor . ( Laughter ) And I 'm not paid to come here , no . I would like to show you what happens with the data , what we can show with this data . Look here . This is the world . With income down there , and child mortality . And what has happened in the world ? Since 1950 , during the last 50 years we have had a fall in child mortality . And this is the DHS that makes it possible to know this . And we had an increase in income . And the blue former developing countries are mixing up with the former industrialized western world . And we have a continuum . But we still have , and that is , of course , Congo , up there . We still have as poor countries as we have had , always , in history . And that 's the bottom billion , where we 've heard , today , about a completely new approach to do it . And how fast has this happened ? Well MDG 4. United States have not been so eager to use MDG 4. But you have been the main sponsor that has enabled us to measure it . Because it 's the only child mortality that we can measure . And we used to say that it should fall four percent per year . Let 's see what Sweden have done . We used to boast about fast social progress . That 's where we were , 1900. 1900 , Sweden was there . Same child mortality as Bangladesh had , 1990. Though they had lower income . They started very well . They used the aid well . They vaccinated the kids . They get better water . And they reduced child mortality , with an amazing 4.7 percent per year . They beat Sweden . I run Sweden the same 16 year period . Second round it 's Sweden 1916 , against Egypt 1990. Here we go . Once again USA is part of the reason here . They get safe water . They get food for the poor . And they get malaria eradicated . 5.5 percent . They are faster than millennium development goal . And third chance for Sweden , against Brazil here . And Brazil here has amazing social improvement over the last 16 years . And they go faster than Sweden . This means that the world is converging . The middle income countries , the emerging economy , they are catching up . They are moving to cities , where they will also get better assistance for that . What the Swedish do is protest at this time . They say , " This is not fair . because these countries h ad vaccine and antibiotic that was not available for Sweden . We have to do real-time competition . " Okay . I give you Singapore , the year I was born . Singapore had twice the child mortality of Sweden . It 's the most tropical country in the world . A marshland on the equator . And here we go . It took a little time for them to get independent . But then they started to grow their economy . And they made the social investment . They got away malaria . They got a magnificent health system that beat both U. S. and Sweden . We never thought it would happen that they would win over Sweden ! ( Applause ) All these green countries are achieving millennium development goals . These yellow are just about to doing this . These red countries that does n't do it , and the policy has to be improved . Not simplistic extrapolation . We have to really find a way of supporting those countries in a better way . We have to respect the middle income countries on what they are doing . And we have to fact-base the whole way we look at the world . This is dollar per person . This is HIV in the countries . The blue is Africa . The size of the bubbles is how many are HIV affected . You see the tragedy in South Africa there . About 20 percent of the adult population are infected . And in spite of them having quite a high income they have a huge number of HIV infected . But you also see that there are African countries down here . There is no such thing as an HIV epidemic in Africa . There 's a number , 5 to 10 countries in Africa that has the same level as Sweden and United States . And there are others who are extremely high . And I will show you that what has happened in one of the best countries , with the most vibrant economy in Africa , and a good governance , is Botswana . They have a very high level . It 's coming down . But now it 's not falling . Because there , with help from PEPFAR it 's working with treatment . And people are not dying . And you can see it 's not that e asy , that it is war which caused this . Because here , in Congo , there is war . And here , in Zambia , there is peace . And it 's not the economy . Richer country has a little higher . And if I split Tanzania in its income . The richer 20 percent in Tanzania has more HIV than the poorest one . And it 's really different within country . Look at the provinces of Kenya . They are very different . And this is the situation you see . It 's not deep poverty . It 's the special situation . Probably of concurrent sexual partnership among part of the heterosexual population in some countries , or some parts of countries , in south and eastern Africa . Do n't make it Africa . Do n't make it a race issue . Make it a local issue . And do prevention at each place , in the way it can be done there . So to just end up . There are things of suffering in the one billion poorest , which we do n't know . Those who live beyond the cellphone , those who have yet to see a computer , those who have no electricity at home . This is the disease Konzo , I spent 20 years elucidating in Africa . It 's caused by fast processing of toxic cassava root , in famine situation . It 's similar to the pellagra epidemic in Mississippi , in the '30s . It 's similar to other nutritional diseases . It will never affect a rich person We have seen it here in Mozambique . This is the epidemic in Mozambique . This is an epidemic in northern Tanzania . You never heard about the disease . But it 's much more than ebola that has been affected by this disease . Cause crippling throughout the world . And over the last two years 2,000 people has been crippled in the southern tip of Bandunda region . That used to be the illegal diamond trade , from the UNITA-dominated area in Angola . That has now disappeared . And they are now in great economical problem . And one week ago , for the first time , there were four lines on the Internet . Do n't get confused of the progress of the emerging economies , and the g reat capacity of people in the middle income countries , and in peaceful low income countries . There is still mystery in one billion . And we have to have more concept than just developing countries and developing world . We need a new mindset . The world is converging . But , but , but , not the bottom billion . They are still as poor as they 've ever been . It 's not sustainable . And it will not happen around one superpower . But you will remain one of the most important superpower . And the most hopeful superpower , for the time to be . And this institution will have a very crucial role , not for United States , but for the world . So you have a very bad name , State Department , this is not the State Department . It 's the World Department . And we have a high hope in you . Thank you very much . ( Applause ) \ No newline at end of file http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/opennlp-sandbox/blob/1f97041b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/156ted_helen_fisher_tells_us_why_we_love_cheat.txt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/156ted_helen_fisher_tells_us_why_we_love_cheat.txt b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/156ted_helen_fisher_tells_us_why_we_love_cheat.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd44e56 --- /dev/null +++ b/opennlp-similarity/src/test/resources/style_recognizer/txt/ted/156ted_helen_fisher_tells_us_why_we_love_cheat.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +I 'd like to talk today about the two biggest social trends in the coming century , and perhaps in the next 10,000 years . But I want to start with my work on romantic love , because that 's my most recent work . What I and my colleagues did was to put 32 people , who were madly in love , into a functional MRI brain scanner . 17 who were madly in love and their love was accepted ; and 15 who were madly in love and they had just been dumped . And so I want to tell you about that first , and then go on into where I think love is going . " What 'tis to love ? " Shakespeare said . I think our ancestors -- I think human beings have been wondering about this question since they sat around their campfires or lay and watched the stars a million years ago . I started out by trying to figure out what romantic love was by looking at the last 45 years of research on -- just the psychological research , and as it turns out , there 's a very specific group of things that happen when you fall in l ove . The first thing that happens is what I call -- a person begins to take on what I call , " special meaning . " As a truck driver once said to me , he said , " The world had a new center , and that center was Mary Anne . " George Bernard Shaw said it a little differently . He said , " Love consists of overestimating the differences between one woman and another . " And indeed , that 's what we do . ( Laughter ) And then you just focus on this person . You can list what you do n't like about them , but then you sweep that aside and focus on what you do . As Chaucer said , " Love is blind . " In trying to understand romantic love , I decided I would read poetry from all over the world , and I just want to give you one very short poem from eighth-century China , because it 's an almost perfect example of a man who is focused totally on a particular woman . It 's a little bit like when you are madly in love with somebody and you walk into a parking lot . Their car is different from every other car in the parking lot . Their wine glass at dinner is different from every other wine glass at the dinner party . And in this case , a man got hooked on a bamboo sleeping mat . And it goes like this . It 's by a guy called Yuan Chen : " I cannot bear to put away the bamboo sleeping mat . The night I brought you home , I watched you roll it out . " He became hooked on a sleeping mat , probably because of elevated activity of dopamine in his brain , just like with you and me . But anyway , not only does this person take on special meaning , you focus your attention on them . You aggrandize them . But you have intense energy . As one Polynesian said , he said , " I felt like jumping in the sky . " You 're up all night . You 're walking till dawn . You feel intense elation when things are going well , mood swings into horrible despair when things are going poorly . Real dependence on this person . As one businessman in New York said to me , he said , " Anything she liked , I liked . " Simple . Romantic love is very simple . You become extremely sexually possessive . You know , if you 're just sleeping with somebody casually , you do n't really care if they 're sleeping with somebody else . But the moment you fall in love , you become extremely sexually possessive of them . I think that that is a Darwinian -- there 's a Darwinian purpose to this . The whole point of this is to pull two people together strongly enough to begin to rear babies as a team . But the main characteristics of romantic love are craving : an intense craving to be with a particular person , not just sexually , but emotionally . You 'd much rather -- it would be nice to go to bed with them , but you want them to call you on the telephone , to invite you out , et cetera . To tell you that they love you . The other main characteristic is motivation . The motor in your brain begins to crank , and you want this person . And last but not least , it is an obsession . When I put these peo ple in the machine , before I put them in the MRI machine , I would ask them all kinds of questions . But my most important question was always the same . It was : " What percentage of the day and night do you think about this person ? " And indeed , they would say , " All day . All night . I can never stop thinking about him or her . " And then , the very last question I would ask them -- I would always have to work myself up to this question , because I am not a psychologist . I do n't work with people in any kind of traumatic situation . And my final question was always the same . I would say , " Would you die for him or her ? " And , indeed , these people would say " Yes ! , " as if I had asked them to pass the salt . I was just staggered by it . So we scanned their brains , looking at a photograph of their sweetheart and looking at a neutral photograph , with a distraction task in between . So we could find -- look at the same brain when it was in that heightened state and when it was in a resting state . And we found activity in a lot of brain regions . In fact , one of the most important was a brain region that becomes active when you feel the rush of cocaine . And indeed , that 's exactly what happens . I began to realize that romantic love is not an emotion . In fact , I had always thought it was a series of emotions , from very high to very low . But actually , it 's a drive . It comes from the motor of the mind , the wanting part of the mind , the craving part of the mind . The kind of mind -- part of the mind -- when you 're reaching for that piece of chocolate , when you want to win that promotion at work . The motor of the brain . It 's a drive . And in fact , I think it 's more powerful than the sex drive . You know , if you ask somebody to go to bed with you , and they say , " No thank you , " you certainly do n't kill yourself or slip into a clinical depression . But certainly , around the world , people who are rejected in love will kill for it . People live for love . They kill for love . They die for love . They have songs , poems , novels , sculptures , paintings , myths , legends . In over 175 societies , people have left their evidence of this powerful brain system . I have come to think it 's one of the most powerful brain systems on earth for both great joy and great sorrow . And I 've also come to think that it 's one of three , basically different brain systems that evolved from mating and reproduction . One is the sex drive : the craving for sexual gratification . W. H. Auden called it an " intolerable neural itch , " and indeed , that 's what it is . It keeps bothering you a little bit , like being hungry . The second of these three brain systems is romantic love : that elation , obsession of early love . And the third brain system is attachment : that sense of calm and security you can feel for a long-term partner . And I think that the sex drive evolved to get you out there , looking for a whole range of pa rtners . You know , you can feel it when you 're just driving along in your car . It can be focused on nobody . I think romantic love evolved to enable you to focus your mating energy on just one individual at a time , thereby conserving mating time and energy . And I think that attachment , the third brain system , evolved to enable you to tolerate this human being -- ( Laughter ) -- at least long enough to raise a child together as a team . So with that preamble , I want to go into discussing the two most profound social trends . One of the last 10,000 years and the other -- certainly of the last 25 years -- that are going to have an impact on these three different brain systems : lust , romantic love and deep attachment to a partner . The first is women working , moving into the workforce . I 've looked at 150 -- 130 societies through the demographic yearbooks of the United Nations . And everywhere in the world , 129 out of 130 of them , women are not only moving into the job mar ket -- sometimes very , very slowly , but they are moving into the job market -- and they are very slowly closing that gap between men and women in terms of economic power , health and education . It 's very slow . For every trend in -- on this planet , there 's a counter-trend . We all know of them , but nevertheless -- the old Arab saying . The Arabs say , " The dogs may bark , but the caravan moves on . " And , indeed , that caravan is moving on . Women are moving back into the job market . And I say back into the job market , because this is not new . For millions of years , on the grasslands of Africa , women commuted to work to gather their vegetables . They came home with 60 to 80 percent of the evening meal . The double income family was the standard . And women were regarded as just as economically , socially and sexually powerful as men . In short , we 're really moving forward to the past . Then , women 's worst invention was the plow . With the beginning of plow agricult ure , men 's roles became extremely powerful . Women lost their ancient jobs as collectors , but then with the industrial revolution and the post-industrial revolution they 're moving back into the job market . In short , they are acquiring the status that they had a million years ago , 10,000 years ago , 100,000 years ago . We are seeing now one of the most remarkable traditions in the history of the human animal . And it 's going to have an impact . I generally give a whole lecture on the impact of women on the business community . I 'll only just say a couple of things , and then go on to sex and love . There 's a lot of gender differences ; anybody who thinks men and women are alike simply never had a boy and a girl child . I do n't know why it is that they want to think that men and women are alike . There 's much we have in common , but there 's a whole lot that we are not -- do not have in common . We are -- in the words of Ted Hughes , " I think that we were built to be -- w e 're like two feet . We need each other to get ahead . " But we did not evolve to have the same brain . And we 're finding more and more and more gender differences in the brain . I 'll only just use a couple and then move on to sex and love . One of them is women 's verbal ability . Women can talk . Women 's ability to find the right word rapidly , basic articulation goes up in the middle of the menstrual cycle , when estrogen levels peak . But even at menstruation , they 're better than the average man . Women can talk . They 've been doing it for a million years ; words were women 's tools . They held that baby in front of their face , cajoling it , reprimanding it , educating it with words . And , indeed , they 're becoming a very powerful force . Even in places like India and Japan , where women are not moving rapidly into the regular job market , they 're moving into journalism . And I think that the television is like the global campfire . We sit around it and it shapes our minds . Almost always , when I 'm on TV , the producers who call me , who negotiate what we 're going to say , is a woman . In fact , Solzhenitsyn once said , " To have a great writer is to have another government . " Today 54 percent of people who are writers in America are women . It 's one of many , many characteristics that women have that they will bring into the job market . They 've got incredible people skills , negotiating skills . They 're highly imaginative . We now know the brain circuitry of imagination , of long-term planning . They tend to be web thinkers . Because the female parts of the brain are better connected , they tend to collect more pieces of data when they think , put them into more complex patterns , see more options and outcomes . They tend to be contextual , holistic thinkers , what I call web thinkers . Men tend to -- and these are averages -- tend to get rid of what they regard as extraneous , focus on what they do , and move in a more step-by-step thi nking pattern . They 're both perfectly good ways of thinking . We need both of them to get ahead . In fact , there 's many more male geniuses in the world . When the -- and there 's also many more male idiots in the world . ( Laughter ) When the male brain works well , it works extremely well . And I -- what I really think that we 're doing is , we 're moving towards a collaborative society , a society in which the talents of both men and women are becoming understood and valued and employed . But in fact , women moving into the job market is having a huge impact on sex and romance and family life . Foremost , women are starting to express their sexuality . I 'm always astonished when people come to me and say , " Why is it that men are so adulterous ? " And I say , " Why do you think more men are adulterous than women ? " " Oh , well -- men are more adulterous ! " And I say , " Who do you think these men are sleeping with ? " And -- basic math ! ( Laughter ) Anyway . In the Wester n world , little girls start -- women start sooner at sex , have more partners , express less remorse for the partners that they do , marry later , have fewer children , leave bad marriages in order to get good ones . We are seeing the rise of female sexual expression . And , indeed , once again we 're moving forward to the kind of sexual expression that we probably saw on the grasslands of Africa a million years ago , because this is the kind of sexual expression that we see in hunting and gathering societies today . We 're also returning to an ancient form of marriage equality . They 're now saying that the 21st century is going to be the century of what they call the " symmetrical marriage , " or the " pure marriage , " or the " companionate marriage . " This is a marriage between equals , moving forward to a pattern that is highly compatible with the ancient human spirit . We 're also seeing a rise of romantic love . 91 percent of American women and 86 percent of American men wo uld not marry somebody who had every single quality they were looking for in a partner , if they were not in love with that person . People around the world , in a study of 37 societies , want to be in love with the person that they marry . Indeed , arranged marriages are on their way off this braid of human life . I even think that marriages might even become more stable because of the second great world trend . The first one being women moving into the job market , the second one being the aging world population . They 're now saying that in America , that middle age should be regarded as up to age 85. Because in that highest age category of 76 to 85 , only -- as much as 40 percent of people have nothing really wrong with them . So we 're seeing there 's a real extension of middle age . And I looked -- for one of my books , I looked at divorce data in 58 societies . And as it turns out , the older you get , the less likely you are to divorce . So the divorce rate right now is stab le in America , and it 's actually beginning to decline . It may decline some more . I would even say that with Viagra , estrogen replacement , hip replacements and the incredibly interesting women -- women have never been as interesting as they are now . Not at any time on this planet have women been so educated , so interesting , so capable . And so I honestly think that if there really was ever a time in human evolution when we have the opportunity to make good marriages , that time is now . However , there 's always kinds of complications in this . In these three brain systems : lust , romantic love and attachment -- do n't always go together . They can go together , by the way . That 's why casual sex is n't so casual . With orgasm you get a spike of dopamine . Dopamine 's associated with romantic love , and you can just fall in love with somebody who you 're just having casual sex with . With orgasm , then you get a real rush of oxytocin and vasopressin -- those are associated with attachment . This is why you can feel such a sense of cosmic union with somebody after you 've made love to them . But these three brain systems : lust , romantic love and attachment , are n't always connected to each other . You can feel deep attachment to a long-term partner while you feel intense romantic love for somebody else , while you feel the sex drive for people unrelated to these other partners . In short , we 're capable of loving more than one person at a time . In fact , you can lie in bed at night and swing from deep feelings of attachment for one person to deep feelings of romantic love for somebody else . It 's as if there 's a committee meeting going on in your head as you are trying to decide what to do . So I do n't think , honestly , we 're an animal that was built to be happy ; we are an animal that was built to reproduce . I think the happiness we find , we make . And I think , however , we can make good relationships with each other . So I want to concl ude with two things . I want to conclude with a worry . I have a worry -- and with a wonderful story . The worry is about antidepressants . Over 100 million prescriptions of antidepressants are written every year in the United States . And these drugs are going generic . They are seeping around the world . I know one girl who 's been on these antidepressants , serotonin-enhancing -- SSRI , serotonin-enhancing antidepressants -- since she was 13. She 's 23. She 's been on them ever since she was 13. I 've got nothing against people who take them short term , when they 're going through something perfectly horrible . They want to commit suicide or kill somebody else . I would recommend it . But more and more people in the United States are taking them long term . And indeed , what these drugs do is raise levels of serotonin . And by raising levels of serotonin , you suppress the dopamine circuit . Everybody knows that . Dopamine is associated with romantic love . Not only do they supp ress the dopamine circuit , but they kill the sex drive . And when you kill the sex drive , you kill orgasm . And when you kill orgasm , you kill that flood of drugs associated with attachment . The things are connected in the brain . And when you tamper with one brain system , you 're going to tamper with another . I 'm just simply saying that a world without love is a deadly place . So now -- ( Applause ) -- thank you . I want to end with a story . And then , just a comment . I 've been studying romantic love and sex and attachment for 30 years . I 'm an identical twin ; I am interested in why we 're all alike . Why you and I are alike , why the Iraqis and the Japanese and the Australian Aborigines and the people of the Amazon River are all alike . And about a year ago , an Internet dating service , Match . com , came to me and asked me if I would design a new dating site for them . I said , " I do n't know anything about personality . You know ? I do n't know . Do you think you ' ve got the right person ? " They said , " Yes . " It got me thinking about why it is that you fall in love with one person rather than another . That 's my current project ; it will be my next book . There 's all kinds of reasons that you fall in love with one person rather than another . Timing is important . Proximity is important . Mystery is important . You fall in love with somebody who 's somewhat mysterious , in part because mystery elevates dopamine in the brain , probably pushes you over that threshold to fall in love . You fall in love with somebody who fits within what I call your " love map , " an unconscious list of traits that you build in childhood as you grow up . And I also think that you become -- gravitate to certain people , actually , with somewhat complementary brain systems . And that 's what I 'm now contributing to this . But I want to tell you a story about -- to illustrate . I 've been carrying on here about the biology of love . I wanted to show you a lit tle bit about the culture of it , too -- the magic of it . It 's a story that was told to me by somebody who had heard it just from one of the -- probably a true story . It was a graduate student at -- I 'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues -- Art Aron is at SUNY Stony Brook . That 's where we put our people in the MRI machine . And this graduate student was madly in love with another graduate student , and she was not in love with him . And they were all at a conference in Beijing . And he knew from our work that if you go and do something very novel with somebody , you can drive up the dopamine in the brain . And perhaps trigger this brain system for romantic love . ( Laughter ) So he decided he 'd put science to work , and he invited this girl to go off on a rickshaw ride with him . And sure enough -- I 've never been in one , but apparently they go all around the buses and the trucks and it 's crazy and it 's noisy and it 's exciting . And he figured that this would drive up the dopamine , and she would fall in love with him . So off they go and she 's squealing and squeezing him and laughing and having a wonderful time . An hour later they get down off of the rickshaw , and she throws her hands up and she says , " Was n't that wonderful ? " And , " Was n't that rickshaw driver handsome ! " ( Laughter ) ( Applause ) There 's magic to love ! But I will end by saying that millions of years ago , we evolved three basic drives : the sex drive , romantic love and attachment to a long-term partner . These circuits are deeply embedded in the human brain . They 're going to survive as long as our species survives on what Shakespeare called " this mortal coil . " Thank you . ( Applause ) \ No newline at end of file
