Hello Brian,
thanks for your suggestions, eventually I solved the problem with Achim's hint 
of using opengl software rendering because the graphics card is not supporting 
all opengl requirements.

I have followed this guide:

https://x.cygwin.com/docs/ug/using-glx.html


Fabio


> Il 27/04/2023 18:30 Brian Inglis <brian.ing...@shaw.ca> ha scritto:
> 
>  
> Hi Fabio,
> 
> Are you running from a bash shell under a terminal started from the XWin 
> Server 
> shortcut or X Applications Menu?
> 
> Those variables are defined in my shell:
> 
>       $ echo $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP $XDG_MENU_PREFIX $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
>       X-Cygwin xwin- /run/user/######/
> 
> -- 
> Take care. Thanks, Brian Inglis              Calgary, Alberta, Canada
> 
> La perfection est atteinte                   Perfection is achieved
> non pas lorsqu'il n'y a plus rien à ajouter  not when there is no more to add
> mais lorsqu'il n'y a plus rien à retirer     but when there is no more to cut
>                                  -- Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
> 
> 
> On 2023-04-27 10:15, Fabio Rossi wrote:
> > Hello Brians,
> > thanks for the suggestions. I had already installed the xorg server and all 
> > the packages you mentioned. But nevertheless I get the errors reported in 
> > the original email, both if I start octave from the shell or by using the 
> > XDG menu which starts octave with the GUI.
> > 
> > In particular, in the second case I confirm all the opengl messages already 
> > reported and I get the following results in the octave command line:
> > 
> >>> getenv('XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP')
> > ans = X-Cygwin
> >>> getenv('XDG_MENU_PREFIX')
> > ans = xwin-
> >>> getenv('XDG_RUNTIME_DIR')
> > ans =
> > 
> >>From the shell all of the previous variables are of course empty. With the 
> >>past versions of octave it was plotting when run from the bash.
> > 
> > Thanks,
> > Fabio
> > 
> >> Il 27/04/2023 17:48 Brian Inglis <brian.ing...@shaw.ca> ha scritto:
> >>
> >>   
> >> Hi Fabio,
> >>
> >> Some packages include non-GUI or native GUI interfaces that do not require
> >> window system support.
> >>
> >> Others may dynamically support window systems if they are installed, or 
> >> have
> >> separate executables for console or GUI, as octave does: octave and 
> >> octave-cli.
> >>
> >> If you are using octave GUI, as it is linked against X window libraries, 
> >> you
> >> need to install the X window system.
> >>
> >> If you install xinit, that will install the X Window server xorg-server, 
> >> XDG
> >> components xdg-user-dirs, xwin-xdg-menu, X Window clients.
> >>
> >> If you then run it via the XWin Server Start Menu shortcut, it will define
> >> $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP, $XDG_MENU_PREFIX, and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR.
> >>
> >> That should allow you to run octave GUI and display plot windows.
> >>
> >> -- 
> >> Take care. Thanks, Brian Inglis              Calgary, Alberta, Canada
> >>
> >> La perfection est atteinte                   Perfection is achieved
> >> non pas lorsqu'il n'y a plus rien à ajouter  not when there is no more to 
> >> add
> >> mais lorsqu'il n'y a plus rien à retirer     but when there is no more to 
> >> cut
> >>                                   -- Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
> >>
> >>
> >> On 2023-04-27 07:58, Fabio Rossi via Cygwin wrote:
> >>> I forgot to mention that the test machine is running Windows 10 Pro 64 
> >>> bit with a ATI FirePro 3800 graphics card. On the same machine, octave 
> >>> built for Windows executes correctly the same command. I have observed 
> >>> the same behaviour also on other Windows machines running Win7 or other 
> >>> graphic adapters.
> >>>
> >>> Fabio
> >>>> Il 26/04/2023 15:34 Fabio Rossi <ross...@inwind.it> ha scritto:
> >>>>
> >>>>    
> >>>> I have installed latest test version of octave 8.2.0-1. When I try to 
> >>>> plot using a simple command like "plot(1,1)" I get the following errors 
> >>>> from the command line
> >>>>
> >>>> $ octave
> >>>> QStandardPaths: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set, defaulting to 
> >>>> '/tmp/runtime-XXXX+user'
> >>>> GNU Octave, version 8.2.0
> >>>> Copyright (C) 1993-2023 The Octave Project Developers.
> >>>> This is free software; see the source code for copying conditions.
> >>>> There is ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or
> >>>> FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  For details, type 'warranty'.
> >>>>
> >>>> Octave was configured for "x86_64-pc-cygwin".
> >>>>
> >>>> Additional information about Octave is available at 
> >>>> https://www.octave.org.
> >>>>
> >>>> Please contribute if you find this software useful.
> >>>> For more information, visit https://www.octave.org/get-involved.html
> >>>>
> >>>> Read https://www.octave.org/bugs.html to learn how to submit bug reports.
> >>>> For information about changes from previous versions, type 'news'.
> >>>>
> >>>> octave:1> plot(1,1)
> >>>> wglMakeCurrent error: 00000006
> >>>> wglMakeCurrent error: 00000006
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred in 
> >>>> init_gl_context
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __uiobject_split_args__ at line 61 column 9
> >>>>       uimenu at line 94 column 13
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 59 column 5
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __uiobject_split_args__ at line 61 column 9
> >>>>       uimenu at line 94 column 13
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 59 column 5
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'figure' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __uiobject_split_args__ at line 61 column 9
> >>>>       uimenu at line 94 column 13
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 59 column 5
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> wglMakeCurrent error: 00000006
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred in 
> >>>> init_gl_context
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uitoolbar' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'figure' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred in 
> >>>> init_gl_context
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uitoolbar' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'figure' object
> >>>> warning: called from
> >>>>       __add_default_menu__ at line 165 column 3
> >>>>       figure at line 97 column 5
> >>>>       newplot at line 120 column 10
> >>>>       plot at line 234 column 9
> >>>>
> >>>> octave:2> wglMakeCurrent error: 00000006
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred in 
> >>>> init_gl_context
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uimenu' object
> >>>> warning: opengl_renderer: Error 'invalid operation' (1282) occurred 
> >>>> drawing 'uitoolbar' object
> >>>> warning: opengl_texture::create: the opengl library in use doesn't 
> >>>> support images with either dimension larger than -367397472. Not 
> >>>> rendering.
> >>>>
> >>>> The plot window is opened but becomes unresponsive, it is impossible to 
> >>>> close it. The same happens if I start octave with the --gui option. The 
> >>>> same happens also with latest stable 6.4.0-1 version

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