As was said previously, all end fed antennas are monopoles with displacement current flowing from the antenna element to earth. Unlike dipoles where the displacement currents flow from element to element. So without an adequate radial system to reduce the ground loss all end Feds regardless of length are only about 10% efficient. There are good reasons why 45 years ago when coax became readily available we switched from endfed monopoles to dipoles. Ray W8LYJ
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