On 27 Sep 2002 at 18:43, Victor Tikhonov wrote:

> "David Roden (Akron OH USA)" wrote:
> > 
> 
> > > LiIon TS-LP42V
> > > Price $1300 in 1001 qty
> > > Weight 35Kg
> > > 100Ah * 42V = 4200Wh
> > > energy density 120Wh/Kg or 154Wh/Litre
> > > price per kWh: $309
> > > Cycle life: 500@80%DOD
> > >
> > 
> 
> To add a few data points to TS-LP42V:
> 
> cycle life > 500 at 80 Ah: $0.618/kWh
> cycle life > 1200 at 50 Ah: $0.26/kWh
> cycle life > 2400 at 20 Ah: $0.13/kWh
> 
> Not quite as good as NiCd, but the pack is twice as light.

I don't agree with the way you calculated this.  To make it comparable to my 
previous nicad figures (which were not really calculated correctly; see 
below), you should calculate the 1200 cycles at 50 ah, not 80ah; and the 
2400 cycles at 20 ah :

50ah * 42v = 2100wh * 1200 cycles = 2520 kWh over lifetime
$1300 / 2520 = $0.52 / kWh

20ah * 42v = 840Wh * 2400 cycles = 2016 kWh over lifetime
$1300 / 2016 = $0.64 / kWh

There is a better way to calculate the cost per kWh for both -- compute it 
on the ah capacity for the given number of cycles.  That is, take 80ah for 
the first 500 cycles, 50ah for the next 700, and 20ah for the final 1200.  

> cycle life 1000 at 100% dod is not valid point, you don't get
> any performance at about last 5% of capacity (sag) ...

Fair enough.  So, we'll compute both at 80% DOD.  OK?

Let's do that for TS-LP42V:

80 ah * 42v * 500 cycles = 1680 kWh
50 ah * 42v * 700 cycles = 1470 kWh
20 ah * 42v * 1200 cycles = 1008 kWh

Total delivered kWh over 2400 cycles = 4158 kWh * 0.8 (DOD) = 3326 kWh
$1300 /  = $0.39 / kWh


Now we'll calculate capacity for STM5-100MR, using 

120ah * 6v * 1000 cycles = 720 kWh
100ah * 6v * 1000 cycles = 600 kWh
80ah * 6v * 1000 cycles = 480 kWh

Total delivered kWh over 3000 cycles = 1800 kWh * 0.8 (DOD) = 1440 kWh
$347 / 1 = $0.24 kWh


So the nicads still cost about one-third less per kWh delivered.  

But you are correct that the LiIon has a very large advantage in specific 
energy.  If a turnkey charging system could be developed, and sold at an 
affordable price, these LiIon would be an excellent choice for advanced EVs.


> 
> Question:
> 
> How come MRE100 are 120 Ah, not 100Ah?

The STM5-100MR  blocks are conservatively rated.  The 100 ah capacity is at 
the middle, not beginning, of the 3000 cycle life.  The specifications state 
that they deliver 120ah for the first 1000 cycles.  The comparison above 
takes this into account.


> 
> If you only look at life time nothing beats NiCd.
> 
> All to all, PbA everyone uses comes out almost the most expensive
> per kWh for its life. Majority is not so rich, nor uneducated, so
> my guess lowest initial out of pocket cost is the first priority...

For AGMs, this is true.  Here's a cost computation for Optimas:

Optima D750S (from Uve's page)
Price ~$130 in small quantity
Mass = 20.5kg
Capacity 125 min @ 25a => 52ah 
Capacity 47ah @ 75 amps (estimated) => 564 Wh
Capacity 624 Wh at 
Specific energy = 27.5 Wh/kg
Cycle life 220 @ 80% DOD

47ah * 12v * 220 cycles = 124 kWh total * 0.8 (DOD) = 99 kWh
$130 / 99kWh = $1.31 / kWh (!)

This is based on Optima's specifications.  Even if we allow that they MIGHT 
achieve 500 cycles, which I emphasize is based on anecdotal reports and 
should NOT be considered a valid specification, we still get

47ah * 12v * 500 cycles * 0.8 DOD = 226 kWh
$130 / 226kWh = $0.58 / kWh

BUT, flooded golf car batteries beat all of the above hands down for economy 
of operation.  Look at this:

US Battery 2200 (from US Battery's web pages)
Price ~$50 each in small quantity
Mass 28.6kg
Capacity 115min @ 75a => 144ah @ 75a => 864 wh
Specific energy = 30 Wh/kg
Cycle life 550 @ 80% DOD

144ah * 6v * 550 cycles = 1815 kWh * 0.8 (DOD) = 1452 kWh total
$50 / 1452kWh = $0.03 / kWh

So, here's the conclusion:

Battery  (Cost per kWh delivered over battery lifetime)

USBMC Golf car lead   ($0.03)
Saft NiCd             ($0.24)
TS LiIon              ($0.39)
Evercell NiZn         ($0.61)
Optima YT lead        ($0.58 - $1.31)

Of course there are other issues to consider besides cost per kWh, but 
anybody who isn't wealthy has to look at this.


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David Roden - Akron, Ohio, USA
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1991 Ford Escort Green/EV 128vdc
1970 GE Elec-trak E15 36vdc
1974 Avco New Idea rider 36vdc
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