John writes:
“Is there something that animals, or more particularly humans, can do which we can prove cannot be duplicated by a sequential machine?” A sequential computer program could simply be a loop that sampled random numbers and indexed into the address space of the computer program itself (not its memory). One could make a specialized computer using a FPGA that even had an instruction to do that random dispatching. To counter the arguments of Penrose, one could do the same using quantum states. https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781402078941 There are all kinds of physical processes that are simulated on classical supercomputers, of course. Marcus
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