>What does it mean to 'flash' a card?

The technology used in the chip which stores the firmware is termed 
FLASH. It is an acronym.

So, instead of "programming" such a chip in order to update its contents, 
one often uses the term "FLASHing" instead.

FLASH memory chips are electrically eraseable and electrically alterable. 
They can be read many times without such operations causing any loss of 
data.

The specific FLASH chips which are usually used in controllers are of the 
type which have protectable "boot blocks". These contain one or several 
distinct areas which may be made protected (read-only access), while the 
remainder of the chip is left unprotected (read/write access).

In an UATA/66-type card, this boot block feature is not used.

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