Here is a short overview article which points to a possible use for bright water if a long lasting variant can be developed.
Agulhas leakage fueled by global warming could stabilize Atlantic overturning circulation: study http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-04-agulhas-leakage-fueled-global-stabilize.html Long lasting bright water may help track this change in currents. Stationing a few Salter tethers equipped with bright water injection in this area could provided interesting satellite images. It may be an overkill as current sensors are available. However, the sensors may be (at this time) to limited for wide area mapping. Having long lasting bright water trails could provide a higher detailed visualization. Also, I have read a media report concerning large releases of methane (hydrate form) which have been reported along in the western African coast where some of the Agulhas eddies seem to migrate. The reports of unusual low atmospheric pressure was associated with the releases, but, a warm eddies moving into that area would also set up a release. I think it is reasonable to believe that if Global Warming is to increase and this Agulhas leakage is to increase. The methane hydrate release on the west coast of Africa could be expected to be as significant as a arctic release. <http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-04-agulhas-leakage-fueled-global-stabilize.html> On Wed, Apr 27, 2011 at 8:07 AM, Michael Hayes <voglerl...@gmail.com> wrote: > I have played with the idea of designing a prop which incorporates > ultrasonic cavities to produce bright water. But, the modeling is beyond my > capabilities. If it can be shown to the boat owners that such a prop would > generate more thrust by breaking up the cohesion of the water just forward > of the blade (as a ultrasonic cavity should), the owners would have > an economic encouragement to retrofit. > > Again, I have no way to go forward with the idea. > > > > On Wed, Apr 27, 2011 at 7:50 AM, Mike MacCracken <mmacc...@comcast.net>wrote: > >> Another approach to the bubble generation effort, and one Russell has >> suggested, is to take advantage of existing ships (of order 1000 to 10,000 >> commercial ships at sea on a given day) and to put bubble generators on >> them—perhaps doing so in a way that reduces their hull friction to make up >> for power of bubble generation. Indeed, lifetime matters, but that depends a >> good bit on bubble size, and extrapolating from big bubbles in a present >> ship’s wake must be done cautiously. >> >> Using commercial ships is also an approach that could be used for CCN >> generation as well, again depending on lifetime, etc. Indeed, there are >> areas where no ships go very often, but commercial ships would seem a fine >> starting approach. >> >> Mike >> >> >> >> On 4/27/11 10:14 AM, "Michael Hayes" <voglerl...@gmail.com> wrote: >> >> Thank you both for the insight. >> >> Yes, I do now recall the dual boat tether concept and I have some working >> back ground in towing a long array of gear. From a pilot's point of view, I >> can see an advantage of the dual boat/tether over the towed array. In that, >> turning would be easier as well as being able to "lay out" a broader path >> than a towed array. >> >> The need for a sail boat to tack back and forth into the wind does >> seem challenging with a tether between the 2 boats. But, I can see how a >> spring line rigging could adjust for any lag between boats in that type >> of maneuver. The symmetrical hull concept is interesting in that I have >> never considered a sail boat being able to "immediately" reverse direction. >> >> I personally would like to play with the idea of modifying the bright >> water injectors along the tether to act as a "bow truster" type of >> directional control for the tether. That may help in overall control of the >> configuration. >> >> The recommended bubble diameter is .002mm. I can only see ultrasound >> providing that type size for a high throughput operation. I believe a table >> top experiment can possibly be done using the parts from an off the self >> ultrasonic humidifier and deep well pump. Measuring such small bubbles is >> something I have not studied yet. >> >> I did read in the paper Dr. Caldeira offered of observations of long lived >> bubbles through possible contamination of a natural surfactant film. Yet, I >> don't think the nature of the surfactant was mentioned. I refer to the first >> page 2nd section >> https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDE0NTY3NTk0NzY2MTMxMzQ4MjEBMDA1OTY0NDQ3MDgzNzU0NTIwODkBQkFOTGtUaWtZQ0pLSmJ2UzFRdFAzbmFrTHZkUTl3ay1kd0FAbWFpbC5nbWFpbC5jb20BNAE&pli=1 >> >> >> Well, again, thank you both for the feed back. I will spend more time >> thinking about this. >> >> >> On Wed, Apr 27, 2011 at 5:29 AM, Andrew Lockley <and...@andrewlockley.com> >> wrote: >> >> Stephen, >> >> This technology is already used for towing hydrophone streamers in >> geophys, but it doesn't work quite like you suggest. There's no need for >> two boats, and instead there's a paid of towed hydrofoils behind one boat, >> with the support line tensioned between them. The low mass of the >> hydrofoils means that there's no real shock on the cable in rough seas. The >> bubble generators would be strung out on streamers behind this towed line. >> >> The bubbles would be distributed by a number of 'birds' which are >> depth-set from the control room - just like the hydrophones are currently. >> >> To get good saturation with bubbles, I suggest that they'd need to be >> delivered at a variety of depths - but whether that's worth doing depends of >> course on the lifetime. No use dropping them ten metres down if they don't >> last long enough to mix or rise. >> >> A >> >> >> On 27 April 2011 13:05, Stephen Salter <s.sal...@ed.ac.uk> wrote: >> >> Hi All >> >> Michael Hayes asks about how bubbles could be deployed. >> >> One possibility would be for a pair of wind-driven vessels to sail side by >> side at, say, a kilometre separation, attached to each other by a buoyant, >> streamlined tether. >> >> The chord of the tether would be about 100 mm. In plan it would form a >> catenary with a generous bulge to reduce the tensile load. The nose of >> tether would contain a strong Kevlar or carbon tension member. Behind this >> would be a number of high-pressure air-lines taking very well filtered air >> from each vessel to a porous strip near the nose of the foil section and >> running the full length. The drag of the tether would be reduced by the >> bubble layer on the underside. >> >> The tether would have to be elastic enough to follow the curvature of the >> wave slope. In most sea states this is surprisingly low but elasticity can >> be increased by running the tensile member in a series of S shapes. >> >> The vessels need power but could generate this in the same way as >> suggested for the cloud albedo project. Indeed it would not be difficult to >> design a dual purpose vessel which would change mode according to cloud >> conditions. It would be convenient if the vessels were symmetrical fore and >> aft so that they could tack by going into reverse. >> >> The design does need information on bubble life and the best bubble >> diameter and I would be most grateful for any advice on this matter. >> >> Michael mentions the Dracone project. I worked on this in a very junior >> capacity in 1960 but a kilometre wide bubble wake would be cheaper if the >> bubbles can last long enough and less of a risk than a Dracone that got >> loose. >> >> Stephen >> >> Emeritus Professor of Engineering Design >> Institute for Energy Systems >> School of Engineering >> Mayfield Road >> University of Edinburgh EH9 3JL >> Scotland >> Tel +44 131 650 5704 <tel:%2B44%20131%20650%205704> >> Mobile 07795 203 195 <tel:07795%20203%20195> >> www.see.ed.ac.uk/~shs <http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~shs> >> >> >> >> On 26/04/2011 23 <tel:26%2F04%2F2011%2023> :21, Michael Hayes wrote: >> >> Please help me understand the mechanics of Bright Water deployment. I have >> spent many months living on the Bering Sea (in winter) and have piloted >> 150ft fishing vessels in that area for countless hours. I have watched the >> sea continually produce white caps for as far as I could see for days and >> weeks at a time. How can a practical, cost effective and meaningful use of >> bright water be deployed which comes even close to .0001 percent of the >> natural production of white caps? The energy and equipment needed to cover >> any meaningful amount of the sea is difficult for me to comprehend. >> Outfitting fishing fleets with the needed equipment and paying the boat >> owners to run the gear is possible. But, we are only talking about a bright >> water wake which lasts for only a short distance...at best. >> >> Designing autonomous platforms specifically for the mission may be >> possible, but, one storm could beach every single platform within a few >> hours. Who and how will they be collected and sent back out? This, from a >> seaman's point of view, is difficult to see as being practical. I have >> studied the concept though what has been offered here and through other >> links. The mechanical challenge of producing such small bubbles is >> interesting and I have even spent time thinking through the possible use >> high throughput ultrasonic injectors. But, I still come back to the >> questions of; 1) how can bright water be practically deployed? 2) How can >> the investment be justified when the wide area effect is so tenuous? 3) >> Would not reflective large surface rafts provide a more cost effective long >> term overall result? >> >> There is the option of a reflective form of the Dracone Barge as a useful >> way to deploy large area ocean surface SRM. " >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracone_barge. >> >> If such barges were deployed in large numbers a large area rafting system >> could be secured in needed areas and moved as the season changes. With small >> desalinization pods attached, we could have not just have low cost/long >> term/flexible ocean surface SRM but a nice supply of needed fresh water. >> Sell the fresh water and buy more bags!!!! >> >> I ask your help in understanding how bright water can be a competitive >> form of SRM. >> >> > > > -- > *Michael Hayes* > *360-708-4976* > http://www.wix.com/voglerlake/vogler-lake-web-site > > > -- *Michael Hayes* *360-708-4976* http://www.wix.com/voglerlake/vogler-lake-web-site -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. To post to this group, send email to geoengineering@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to geoengineering+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/geoengineering?hl=en.
