Hi Ulrich,

Doug may have other ideas than I do, and I'm not a particular expert  
on American folk music (I work on Hungarian music primarily), but I do  
try to keep abreast of scholarship about hurdy-gurdies, including semi- 
regular searches of academic databases. From what I've found, this  
topic just isn't one that's been covered in English-language  
scholarship (I don't check German scholarship as regularly). It's also  
one that isn't likely to be taken up by ethnomusicologists or  
folklorists (my area of specialty) right now because, unlike in  
Europe, the idea of looking for "survivals" and origins (in a temporo- 
spatial sense) is completely out if fashion, having been replaced  
starting in the 1960s with scholarly methods that look more at current  
practice and performance techniques. That's not to say that questions  
of origins aren't interesting, but rather that scholars just don't  
focus on them in my discipline. You might find more from musical  
historians (but again, I've not seen anything published in my  
searches) or from enthusiastic amateurs (who probably don't  
publish...). So this is a long way of saying that, unless Doug knows  
differently, I just don't think you'll find what you're looking for.

On a slightly different topic, I doubt that looking at folkloristic  
music (rather than, say, historical sources) is likely to find much  
for you in general. It seems that what little scholarship has been  
done on the hurdy-gurdy girls is pretty ambiguous on whether vielle- 
type instruments (rather than barrel organs) were even used. Given the  
general lack of evidence for the vielle in an American context versus  
the comparatively abundant evidence of barrel organs, my default  
assumption would be skeptical about the vielle in California gold-rush  
days, unless I see particular evidence otherwise. I know that Kurt  
Reichmann has argued in favor of the vielle, but I've not seen his  
exhibition and so really can't assess his argument. Assuming that he  
is correct, however, it is likely that the girls were called upon to  
play popular American tunes of the period, rather than "authentic"  
German Bauernleier repertoire. So the likelihood of any recognizable  
trace in American folk music (as distinct from later folklorizing  
compositions that might decide to evoke the HG girls) is pretty slim.  
(I'd love to be proven wrong, though.)

-Arle


>  And now to something (not really) completely different: I saw on  
> your website you are dealing with History through Music. I wonder if  
> during your studies you ever came along the tracks of the so called  
> “Hurdy-Gurdy Girls”. It is know by historians that many girls from  
> the German province Hessen during the 19th century were “hired” by  
> conscienceless agents to immigrate to USA playing music in the music  
> halls. It is reported that even in some Gold rush towns hurdy-gurdy  
> girls were playing their music, but mostly forced to prostitution.  
> For me it would be exciting to find if there are any tracks in the  
> American folklore music basing on the traditional dance music that  
> was brought by the hurdy-gurdy girls to America. I’m not sure if  
> this is a topic to be discussed here on the list – if you wish you  
> can send me a PN to discuss – if you are interested on that topic or  
> if you have any information.

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