Linux-Misc Digest #2, Volume #24 Thu, 30 Mar 00 19:13:04 EST
Contents:
Booting from floppy to Kernel on Fixed disk (Martin McCormick)
Re: how ld.so.1 dynamical loads files (Tim Hockin)
Re: QUESTION! (Tim Hockin)
robots.txt from web server (Jason Rotunno)
Re: robots.txt from web server (k)
TELNET (wally)
Re: robots.txt from web server ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: DEFRAG OR NOT? (brian moore)
RedHat 6.1 and 3Com HomeConnect PC Digital Camera (USB), anyone? (Ronald Cole)
Re: SV: fdisk not seeing "partition table" during redhat installation (Svend Olaf
Mikkelsen)
Re: Is Linux good for Data Centers? (John Hasler)
Linux Guru Wanted (ConneXion Systems & Engineering)
compare big files with kind of checksum (peter pilsl)
Partition disappeared? (Jordan Hiller)
Re: SV: fdisk not seeing "partition table" during redhat installation (Duane Evenson)
Re: Partition disappeared? ("David ..")
Re: Partition disappeared? ("David ..")
CDROM problems (Silviu Minut)
Re: Linux Took Over My Hard Disk? ("William R. Andrew")
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Martin McCormick)
Subject: Booting from floppy to Kernel on Fixed disk
Date: 30 Mar 2000 21:34:23 GMT
I have been running a system in which I allow DOS/Windows to
boot if the system is simply reset or powered up with nothing in the
floppy drive. I then have a Linux boot disk that I install when I
want to boot linux from power up or reset. AFter configuring and
building a new kernel, I see that the kernel or vmlinux file is too
large to fit on the boot disk. I would still like this functionality
so my question is whether it is possible to cause a Linux boot disk to
run a kernel which is actually on the hard drive where it would be if
one booted via lilo or had linux as the default boot partition?
Martin McCormick WB5AGZ Stillwater, OK
OSU Center for Computing and Information Services Data Communications Group
------------------------------
From: Tim Hockin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: how ld.so.1 dynamical loads files
Date: 30 Mar 2000 22:18:38 GMT
Ralph Blach <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
: How does ld.so.1 dynamical load a library. Is there a document
: that explains this process? Thanks
it's pretty standard - the link/load process is a well understood problem.
Plenty of books/docs have been written on it ;)
--
Tim Hockin
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
This program has been brought to you by the language C and the number F.
------------------------------
From: Tim Hockin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: QUESTION!
Date: 30 Mar 2000 22:20:24 GMT
Joey Le <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
: I m new to linux, but one question, can I use windows format driver disc to
: install my driver? Like my video card, can I use the driver for windows, and
: install it in linux?
Linux is not windows. Therefore you can make the jaunt in logic that Linux
can not use windows drivers. So, in otherwords no. And you wouldn't want
to. Linux has it's own drivers for just about everything.
: If I cant do this, dont bother replying
oops. Oh well.
--
Tim Hockin
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
This program has been brought to you by the language C and the number F.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Jason Rotunno)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.security
Subject: robots.txt from web server
Date: 30 Mar 2000 22:26:48 GMT
Every so often someone tries to get a file called robots.txt by
connecting to my web server. Is this related to some kind of web server
vulnerability or some such?
Thanks.
Jason
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (k)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.security
Subject: Re: robots.txt from web server
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 22:29:48 GMT
On 30 Mar 2000 22:26:48 GMT, Jason Rotunno <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>Every so often someone tries to get a file called robots.txt by
>connecting to my web server. Is this related to some kind of web server
>vulnerability or some such?
web search engines look for it, it tells them what to do with your site.
your webserver documentation should cover it ..
--
A man must have a certain amount of intelligent ignorance
to get anywhere.
Charles Franklin Kettering (1876-1958)
------------------------------
From: wally <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: TELNET
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 22:32:19 GMT
I am trying to telnet one of my clients , access is always denied.
To use telnet, In what file do i setup username & passwords ?.
I tried logging in as root and all the usernames on the client, it would
not grant me access what do i do? How do i go about
--
Posted via CNET Help.com
http://www.help.com/
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: robots.txt from web server
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.security
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 22:54:31 GMT
In comp.os.linux.security k <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> web search engines look for it, it tells them what to do with your site.
> your webserver documentation should cover it ..
User agents may look for it as well. (Better written ones, anyway :)
Basically, robots.txt is a set of guidelines for non-human readers of
your website, outlining how you'd like them to behave.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (brian moore)
Subject: Re: DEFRAG OR NOT?
Date: 30 Mar 2000 23:01:34 GMT
On Thu, 30 Mar 2000 11:12:51 -0500,
D F <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> As I understand it, and this may just be quibbling with
> words, it's not the filesystem that causes Windows to
> fragment your files, it's the OS. See, when Windows (or DOS,
> for that matter) writes a file, it writes it beginning at
> the first available unused sector. If the number of
> contiguous unused sectors are not sufficient to hold the
> entire file, it writes what it can and then jumps to the
> next available sector and continues writing there. Linux (or
> Unix, for that matter), on the other hand, looks at the file
> size that it's wanting to write and looks for the first
> available unused area of the partition that is large enough
> to house the entire file and writes it there. That's why
> ext2 filesystems will fragment severely, almost as badly as
> Windows, when there's not much freespace left on the
> partition.
That's not true.
Linux -does- fragment the drive. It avoids fragmenting files. It
tries to avoid fragmenting the drive in a harmful way.
This is based on several simple heuristics.
1) any portion of a file should be "close" to other pieces of itself
2) files in the same directory would most likely be accessed at the
same time, so try to keep them together.
3) try to keep the distribution of free space uniform across the drive
4) to plan for growth, fragment the drive.
The last part is an important trick.
You can think of a modern Unix file system as having dozens (or hundreds
or thousands, depending on the size of the partition) of
"mini-partitions". In the Olden Days, drives had a more consistent
geometry (the same number of sectors at the center of the disk as at the
rim) so these equally-sized groups were broken on cylinder boundaries
and called "cylinder groups".
Because you could read all the data on every head with only slight
movement of the controller arm, several cylinders would make up a group.
Unix filesystems will try to keep each cylinder group containing roughly
the same amount of used space.
The trick is that drive fragmentation doesn't matter much in the real
world, but file fragmentation matters greatly. So by breaking the drive
up into these "mini-partitions" or cylinder groups there is a real
performance win.
Unix doesn't know how big the file will be when you start writing it...
but it does know what files it is near to in the directory structure and
if that area has potential for more stuff or if new stuff should go
elsewhere.
That's why it all breaks down when the disk starts getting full: the
groups are all pushing near capacity and it may not guess the right
place to put a file when you first create it. (And, it doesn't move it
later... a file lives where it is created...)
Of course, that also points to a trivial defrag: if you know that file
foo is fragmented, and you have a reasonable amount of free space you
can unfrag the file by copying it and replacing the original with the
copy. The copy will not be fragmented. (ie, if you let a disk fill, it
may be a good thing to do this on large and heavily accessed files... of
course such files are usually log files that get rotated out anyway, in
which case ignore it and it'll clean up after itself anyway)
You can read a more precise version of this in "The Design and
Implementation of 4.x BSD", a must-have for anyone curious about
operating system design. It goes into the above in much more detail,
including the real-world tests done on systems to determine it was a
good idea.
(And, yes, I know it technically describes the Berkeley Fast File
System, not e2fs, but the FFS works so well that everyone with a clue
used the same concepts, including the SystemV "unified file system".)
> There is an infrequent and small advantage to the
> DOS method over the Unix method, though, in that it tends to
> keep "freespace" contiguous, because the "holes" in the
> partition are filled first. I suppose this will help if
> you're installing new apps because the large number of files
> coming into the filesystem all at once will tend to be
> written in a contiguous block. For routine use of a
> filesystem, though, where disk reads and writes do a lot to
> determine performance, the Unix method is far superior
> because files being accessed and written will be contiguous,
> as individual files, most of the time. Think of it as DOS is
> keeping freespace contiguous while Unix keeps individual
> files contiguous.
This part is correct, though. :)
> Now, anyone who _really_ understands how this works, tear
> this all apart and post how stupid I am, please!!! ;-)
okay. :)
--
Brian Moore | Of course vi is God's editor.
Sysadmin, C/Perl Hacker | If He used Emacs, He'd still be waiting
Usenet Vandal | for it to load on the seventh day.
Netscum, Bane of Elves.
------------------------------
From: Ronald Cole <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.system
Subject: RedHat 6.1 and 3Com HomeConnect PC Digital Camera (USB), anyone?
Date: 30 Mar 2000 15:09:38 -0800
Ok, on an impulse I bought the 3Com USB PC camera. I've looked for
documentation and/or HOWTOs for connecting it to my pc running RH6.1,
but have been unsuccessful.
About the only thing I've been able to figure out is that RH6.1
doesn't appear to support USB "out of the box".
I refuse to believe that I'm going to have to wait until RedHat
releases a linux-2.4 distribution (RH7.x?), or that I'm going to have
to resort to Win98 and Netmeeting to get some use out of it.
Can anyone who's connected a USB camera to their PC and gotten it
working with RH6.1 offer me some pointers? Thanks!
--
Forte International, P.O. Box 1412, Ridgecrest, CA 93556-1412
Ronald Cole <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Phone: (760) 499-9142
President, CEO Fax: (760) 499-9152
My GPG fingerprint: C3AF 4BE9 BEA6 F1C2 B084 4A88 8851 E6C8 69E3 B00B
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Svend Olaf Mikkelsen)
Subject: Re: SV: fdisk not seeing "partition table" during redhat installation
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 23:14:05 GMT
"sTRuL" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Weird stuff.
>Anybody know the reason to this problem?
>Thanx
>
>sTRuL
You have to provide some hardcore info. As example the output from
Linux fdisk -l
--
Svend Olaf
------------------------------
From: John Hasler <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: alt.os.linux,comp.os.linux.setup,sg.linux
Subject: Re: Is Linux good for Data Centers?
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 22:13:22 GMT
Jonathan writes:
> Offtopic, but if you have physical access to the console, gaining root
> is trivial. On boot, type:
> linux single
> at prompt, type:
> su
> passwd
> Done.
Unless, of course, the machine happens to be properly configured.
--
John Hasler
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (John Hasler)
Dancing Horse Hill
Elmwood, WI
------------------------------
From: ConneXion Systems & Engineering <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Linux Guru Wanted
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 18:30:06 -0500
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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Location: Maynard, MA
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978-579-0030
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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org:ConneXion Systems & Engineering;CSE Systems Talent & CSE Engineering Talent
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note;quoted-printable:ConneXion Systems & Engineering, an IT and
Engineering=0D=0Aorganization providing Consulting and Permanent professionals
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end:vcard
==============5CB0EE1DA6E672941ACBEF22==
------------------------------
From: peter pilsl <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: compare big files with kind of checksum
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 23:44:58 GMT
I copy BIG files from one machine to another over a bad
network (~30minutes per file) and want to check after if the
targetfile is really the same then the original.
I cant verify accros the net so I was thinking about creating
some kind of checksum (I just remembered this from old
assembler-time, where you had them to enter the code
correctely) of each file and then compare the checksum and if
the checksum is long enough, chances for the files beeing
equal when the checksum is equal should be ok.
any idea where to get such checksum-thing ?
peter
--
pilsl@
goldfisch.at.at
------------------------------
From: Jordan Hiller <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Partition disappeared?
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 23:51:10 GMT
The other day I couldn't get into Gnome so today I was fiddling around
in single user mode trying to fix things. I have three partitions on
hdc: hdc1 was swap, hdc2 mounted to /, and hdc3 mounted to /usr. Now
when I cd into /usr and type /bin/ls, it shows absolutely nothing! Is
that whole partition wiped out and is it possible to get it back?
aaahhhh :(
If you need more details just ask.
Thanks,
Jordan
------------------------------
From: Duane Evenson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: SV: fdisk not seeing "partition table" during redhat installation
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 16:49:50 -0700
sTRuL wrote:
> Hmmm..
> I had the same problem on a 10 gig IBM deskstar.
> Nobody at linux.setup was able to help me there, but I found a workaround:
> It seems like I have to modify the partition table in dos fdisk, restart,
> boot directly into the install-process (not going into DOS inbetween!), and
> then partition, and all's well... Except for that if I quit diskdruid, and
> reopen it, it just shows the same damn message!
>
> In windows, the old partitions, that I deleted to create space for linux,
> are still there, unaware of that they now are linux ext2, windows thinks
> they are DOS-compatible filesystems and fat16. Veeery irritating.
>
> Weird stuff.
> Anybody know the reason to this problem?
> Thanx
>
> sTRuL
Are your ext2 partitions in an extended partition. I had the same problem until
I used LBA Extended partitions.
BTW I'd use fdisk instead of DiskDruid, its less automated and less likely to
make mistakes.
------------------------------
From: "David .." <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Partition disappeared?
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 17:54:46 -0600
Jordan Hiller wrote:
>
> The other day I couldn't get into Gnome so today I was fiddling around
> in single user mode trying to fix things. I have three partitions on
> hdc: hdc1 was swap, hdc2 mounted to /, and hdc3 mounted to /usr. Now
> when I cd into /usr and type /bin/ls, it shows absolutely nothing! Is
> that whole partition wiped out and is it possible to get it back?
> aaahhhh :(
>
> If you need more details just ask.
>
> Thanks,
> Jordan
Try "ls /usr/bin"
--
Due to extreme SPAM abuse! Remove z's and x's from above to reply.
Thank the spammer's A..holes that they are. Still can't reach me?
Then your address range is already blocked due to previous spam.
Sorry! I hate spam!!
------------------------------
From: "David .." <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Partition disappeared?
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 17:55:58 -0600
Jordan Hiller wrote:
>
> The other day I couldn't get into Gnome so today I was fiddling around
> in single user mode trying to fix things. I have three partitions on
> hdc: hdc1 was swap, hdc2 mounted to /, and hdc3 mounted to /usr. Now
> when I cd into /usr and type /bin/ls, it shows absolutely nothing! Is
> that whole partition wiped out and is it possible to get it back?
> aaahhhh :(
>
> If you need more details just ask.
>
> Thanks,
> Jordan
Try "ls /usr/bin/" without quotes.
--
Due to extreme SPAM abuse! Remove z's and x's from above to reply.
Thank the spammer's A..holes that they are. Still can't reach me?
Then your address range is already blocked due to previous spam.
Sorry! I hate spam!!
------------------------------
From: Silviu Minut <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.hardware
Subject: CDROM problems
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 19:04:34 -0500
I've had this CDROM drive since last summer, and it works ok, except
that occasionaly I get the error messages below. The system is RedHat
6.0 with kernel 2.2.14 and the drive is Kenwood True 40x (one with 7
laser beams, so it's somewhat nonstandard, but it is supposed to be
ATAPI). The drive is not responding, and the system gets busy polling
it, ignoring mostly anything else. The system does not freeze totally,
and it eventually recovers, but it's terribly annoying. From what I can
tell, it only happens with audio cds. Does anybody have an explanation
for this or a fix?
cdrom: open failed.
VFS: Disk change detected on device ide1(22,64)
cdrom: open failed.
VFS: Disk change detected on device ide1(22,64)
VFS: Disk change detected on device ide1(22,64)
hdd: irq timeout: status=0xff { Busy }
hdd: DMA disabled
hdd: ATAPI reset complete
hdd: packet command error: status=0x51 { DriveReady SeekComplete Error }
hdd: packet command error: error=0xb4
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
hdd: ATAPI reset complete
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
hdd: ATAPI reset complete
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
end_request: I/O error, dev 16:40 (hdd), sector 0
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
hdd: drive not ready for command
hdd: ATAPI reset complete
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
hdd: ATAPI reset complete
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
end_request: I/O error, dev 16:40 (hdd), sector 0
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
hdd: drive not ready for command
hdd: ATAPI reset complete
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
hdd: ATAPI reset complete
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
end_request: I/O error, dev 16:40 (hdd), sector 0
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
hdd: drive not ready for command
hdd: ATAPI reset complete
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
hdd: ATAPI reset complete
hdd: status timeout: status=0x80 { Busy }
end_request: I/O error, dev 16:40 (hdd), sector 0
------------------------------
From: "William R. Andrew" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Linux Took Over My Hard Disk?
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 18:09:08 -0600
The problem is that most partitioning software (Linux, Microsloth or
other) don't do a complete re-write of the MBR. The easiest way I've
seen to clean a drive for any OS is to use DeBug.
This was taken straight from Microsloths web site:
WARNING: Because all data on your hard disk will be destroyed by
this procedure, you must back up your hard disk before using this
Debug script.
There are two ways to use the following Debug script:
- Run Debug and type the Debug commands from the center column of
Table 1 at the corresponding Debug prompt. (The left column of the
table shows the prompts that are displayed by Debug. You do not
need to type the comments in the right column.)
-or-
- Type the command in the center column of Table 1 into a file using
a text editor such as MS-DOS Editor and then use input redirection
to feed the resulting file into Debug. For example, if you typed
the commands into a file called HDPART.SCR, you would clear your
partition table by typing the following at the MS-DOS command
prompt and then pressing ENTER:
debug < hdpart.scr
Table 1: Debug Script to Erase Hard-Disk Partition Table
----------------------------------------------------------------
Debug Enter Debug Comments
Prompts Commands
----------------------------------------------------------------
- A 100 Assemble from CS:0100.
nnnn:0100 INT 13 Call interrupt 13.
nnnn:0102 press the (nnnn in the segment address).
ENTER key
- RAX Replace AX register.
AX 0000
: 0301 Write on sector.
- RBX Replace BX register.
BX 0000
: 0200 Start from ES:200.
- F 200 L 200 0 We want to write zeros.
- RCX Replace CX register.
CX 0000
: 0001 Cylinder, 0, sector 1.
- RDX Replace DX register.
DX 0000
: 0080 First physical hard disk, head
0. (Substitute 0081 for this
entry if you are clearing the
table on the second physical
hard disk, 0082 if you are
clearing the third physical
hard disk, and so forth).
- P Proceed (Debug will display
several lines of information).
- Q Quit Debug.
----------------------------------------------------------------
This script completely clears the partition table on your hard disk.
------------------------------
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End of Linux-Misc Digest
******************************
