Linux-Misc Digest #770, Volume #24               Sat, 10 Jun 00 16:13:01 EDT

Contents:
  Re: Bash shell problem (ray)
  Re: Several window manager questions ("Peter T. Breuer")
  Re: mouse configuration + other questions (Dances With Crows)
  Re: Modem, Soundcard, and Zip Drive Problems (Paul Eisenberg)
  Re: Modem, Soundcard, and Zip Drive Problems (Dances With Crows)
  Re: Bash shell problem (Leonard Evens)
  Re: .run-files (Thomas Zajic)
  Re: MS word and linux (Martin Herrman)
  Permissions can really get annoying... (David Bell)
  Re: .run-files ("p. eckel")
  KPPP problem (Rick)
  mounting and multimedia configuration (Tiger Zuchini)
  Re: Sun Sparc faster then intel pentium: is this true???? (Dave Schanen)
  LINUX/WIN98SE internet (Scott Jack)
  Re: Modem, Soundcard, and Zip Drive Problems (mst)
  Re: KPPP problem (Patricia)
  Re: Linux USB support ! (David Steuber)
  Re: Duplicate a diskette of unknown format exactly (David Steuber)
  Re: democracy? (David Steuber)
  Re: mounting and multimedia configuration (Bob Martin)
  Re: democracy? ("Andrew N. McGuire ")

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: ray <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Bash shell problem
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 17:22:51 GMT

Philip Ng wrote:

> Hi, all,
>
> I am a newbie in Linux world.  Whenever I try to execute script in
> console, it returned the following error :
> "Bash : Configure : Command not found"
>
> I tried to run the Configure script. (It is executable)  I also tried :
> "/bin/bash < Configure"
>
> In that case, some error messages showing that some commands in the
> script are not found.  Is it a correct method to use to "<" to direct
> the script to the bash shell?
>
> How can I run the script successfully?  Any other shell that I can use?
>
> Thanks a lot,
> Philip

    MAYBE, this will help. Linux, like winders, has a "path" that affects
where things are looked for. UNLIKE winders, there is NO default to "the
current directory". There's a way to achieve that, but not a good idea. If
you try to execute something NOT in your "path", bash cannot find it, as
it can only search the path. Now, to execute things not in the current
path, use ./ like this : ./configure. You might have a dozen "configure"'s
on the machine, but once you say ./configure ONLY the one you are looking
at can run. Exactly what we wanted, right?

--
Ray R. Jones
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
HTTP://gordo.penguinpowered.com
Ray's Linux gordo.penguinpowered.com 2.3.99-pre9




------------------------------

From: "Peter T. Breuer" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Several window manager questions
Date: 10 Jun 2000 17:15:19 GMT

Krithika Chidambaram <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
: 1) I have got Xfree86 3.3.5 working but only at 1280X1024 resolutions,
: for lesser resolutions I get DISPLAY problems (screen is too large).
: At 1280x1024 its hard read, is there a way to increase the font size?
: or adjust the resolution without the DISPLAY problem. Any other suggestions

Remove 1280x1024 from the list of possible resolutions. The virtual
screen is always the size of the largest.

: 2) To enable X at boot time I have this entry id:5:initdefault
: in /etc/inittab. It comes up using owm window manager, is there a
: way to change the window manger at the boot time. I would like to
: use fvwm window manager.

You can choose whichever window manager you like in your .xsession
file! Man xdm.

: 3) How to shutdown if X was started at the boot time of linux .
: Ctrl Atl Del doesn't work when X is running at the login screen.

Click on logout and choose shutdown. Or switch to a console and do CAD.
Or just exec shutdown -r now. (You are insisting on making this
difficult for yourself, and once you are doing that ...).

: I am using owm.

Strange.

: 4) I don't see logging out option in owm.

Add one.

: 5) When I use fvwm as my window manager, I tought I had problem with
: my display when I move the mouse to right or down it moves to the
: appropriate virtual screen which must be a feature of fvwm. Is there
: a way to disable this. So that it moves the appropriate virtual
: desktop only when I click on its icon.

man fvwm. You want to increase the resistance in moving between
screens.

Peter

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows)
Subject: Re: mouse configuration + other questions
Date: 10 Jun 2000 13:33:43 EDT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

On Sun, 11 Jun 2000 00:53:23 +0800, Chew GH 
<<8htril$nu0$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>> shouted forth into the ether:
>A couple of questions:

"couple" usually means 2, and not more than 5.  Anyway...

>In which file/s can I configure mouse properties like the mouse pointer
>speed and mouse acceleration?

Don't know for sure, but there are included utilities in both KDE and
basic X that do this.  xmseconfig and kcontrol -> Mouse will do this.

>Software for Linux often come in .tar.gz files. What is the usual practice -
>ie into which directory are these compressed files stored?

By convention, when you unpack a tarball named FOO1.2.3.tar.gz, it creates
a directory called ./FOO1.2.3 and extracts itself into that directory.  I
believe the "official" location for source tarballs is /usr/src/packages/
but ICBW.

>I understand the security risks of logging in as root, but on my new system,
>logging in as another newly added user has been rather restrictive. It does
>not permit me to access some files and thus I am unable to launch some
>applications.

Which applications?  System setup, system administration, and talking
directly to the hardware are root's job and ONLY root's job.  You cannot,
nor should you be able to run XF86Setup as a normal user.  Same deal for
fsck or reading/writing directly to raw devices.  There are a few programs
which should be SUID root--login, ping, mount, pppd, and the wrapper that
starts X.

>If I run fips on a dual boot system (Linux and Win98) to create another
>MS-DOS partition, would my Linux partition be overwritten?

This is discussed in the FIPS manual.  FIPS takes a primary FAT partition
and splits it into two smaller primary FAT partitions.  You must have a
free primary partition slot for FIPS to work.  It shouldn't even see the
Linux partition.

>Does a disk defragmenter running in Windows touch another partition it is
>not supposed to read, and vice versa for a defragmenter in Linux?

There is no such thing as a defragger for Linux; ext2 filesystems don't
suffer nearly as much from fragmentation problems.  There was a thread
about this on this NG a few days ago; search Deja for details.  DOS will
not even realize ext2 partitions are there if their partition type is set
correctly to 83.

>If I wiped out my Linux partition accidentally, does LILO still load with
>the boot prompt? Or would it hang the system because its configuration file
>in the Linux partition is wiped out? Will my other OS still load?

Depends on how severely you wiped out the Linux partition.  If you put
LILO in the MBR, LILO will put a tiny piece of itself in the MBR and a
larger second-stage loader on your Linux partition in /boot/boot.b.  The
second-stage loader looks for the loading map, usually in /boot/map, and
the kernel image, usually in /boot/vmlinuz.  If any of these files are
trashed, Linux will not boot.  Lose9x *may* still load if your Linux
partition is wiped out, but it's better to be safe than sorry.  Make a
bootable DOS floppy, put FDISK.EXE on it, and you can put your system back
to its original boot-Lose9x-only state by booting from this disk and doing
an FDISK /MBR .

-- 
Matt G / Dances With Crows              \###| You have me mixed up with more
There is no Darkness in Eternity         \##| creative ways of being stupid?
But only Light too dim for us to see      \#| Beer is a vegetable.  WinNT
(Unless, of course, you're working with NT)\| is the study of cool. --MegaHAL

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Paul Eisenberg)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Modem, Soundcard, and Zip Drive Problems
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 17:31:20 GMT

On 10 Jun 2000 00:39:44 EDT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances
With Crows) wrote:
ce?
>
>Probably not.  RH 6.1 used kernel version 2.2.12-something, and Corel ~=
>Debian, so they are probably using 2.2.13 or 2.2.14 at the moment.  If the
>modem is a Real Modem (which is possible, 3com made some PCI Real Modems),
>then you don't actually need the driver, but messing with setserial isn't
>fun if you're new at this.  Setting up an SB Live is very simple with the
>latest kernels--2.2.14 and higher have the emu10k module right in the main
>source tree IIRC.
>
>If the modem is a LoseModem, then you can get it working with the right
>incantation:  Download the driver (it'll have a name like lt.o or
>pctel.o) and put it in the right place (referenced in teh README file you
>get with the driver) and just enter "insmod -f lt" or "insmod -f pctel" as
>root.
>
>Getting an SB LIve working has been talked about to death.  Go to
>http://deja.com/home_ps.shtml and search the comp.os.linux.hardware group
>for "SB Live" and you'll find N+1 explanations of how to get it going.  
>HTH, good luck.
>
>
>-- 
>Matt G / Dances With Crows              \###| You have me mixed up with more
>There is no Darkness in Eternity         \##| creative ways of being stupid?
>But only Light too dim for us to see      \#| Beer is a vegetable.  WinNT
>(Unless, of course, you're working with NT)\| is the study of cool. --MegaHAL


Thanks for all the help, Im searching deja as we speak.  The Red Hat
Finals I downloaded have the extension .rpm, and there is no readme,
etc, etc to explain anything.  What are those extensions and how do I
work with them?



------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Modem, Soundcard, and Zip Drive Problems
Date: 10 Jun 2000 13:44:53 EDT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

On Sat, 10 Jun 2000 17:31:20 GMT, Paul Eisenberg 
<<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>> shouted forth into the ether:
>Thanks for all the help, Im searching deja as we speak.  The Red Hat
>Finals I downloaded have the extension .rpm, and there is no readme,
>etc, etc to explain anything.  What are those extensions and how do I
>work with them?

rpm=RedHat Package Manager.[0]  You install one by doing "rpm -Uvh
package.rpm" from the command line, or using a GUI utility like GnoRPM to
open the package.  U is for Update, v is for verbose error messages, h is
for hash marks (you'll see.)  Why they didn't provide a proper README file
is beyond me... sure, there's probably some documentation installed with
the RPM, but where on / is the installer going to *put* it?  Tarballs
don't have this particular problem.

[0] Except on WinXX platforms, where major browsers believe that it's some
kind of streaming audio.  I believe RedHat was widely using the .rpm
extension before Real Networks was.

-- 
Matt G / Dances With Crows              \###| You have me mixed up with more
There is no Darkness in Eternity         \##| creative ways of being stupid?
But only Light too dim for us to see      \#| Beer is a vegetable.  WinNT
(Unless, of course, you're working with NT)\| is the study of cool. --MegaHAL

------------------------------

From: Leonard Evens <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Bash shell problem
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 12:35:52 -0500

Philip Ng wrote:
> 
> Hi, all,
> 
> I am a newbie in Linux world.  Whenever I try to execute script in
> console, it returned the following error :
> "Bash : Configure : Command not found"
> 
> I tried to run the Configure script. (It is executable)  I also tried :
> "/bin/bash < Configure"
> 
> In that case, some error messages showing that some commands in the
> script are not found.  Is it a correct method to use to "<" to direct
> the script to the bash shell?
> 
> How can I run the script successfully?  Any other shell that I can use?
> 
> Thanks a lot,
> Philip
Try
./Configure
-- 

Leonard Evens      [EMAIL PROTECTED]      847-491-5537
Dept. of Mathematics, Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL 60208

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Thomas Zajic)
Subject: Re: .run-files
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Thomas Zajic)
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 17:53:28 GMT

On Sat, 10 Jun 2000 18:15:46 +0200, p. eckel wrote:

> i�m a linux newbie. i�ve just downloaded a quake3 patch for linux. but
> this file is a .run-file. i don�t know how to use this file. do i have
> to extract it? if yes, how?

In X, open an xterm and run either

   chmod +x whatever.run
   ./whatever.run

or

   sh ./whatever.run

HTH,
Thomas
-- 
=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-  Thomas "ZlatkO" Zajic   <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>    Linux-2.2.16/slrn-0.9.6.2+  -
-  "It is not easy to cut through a human head with a hacksaw."  (M. C.)  -
=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Martin Herrman)
Subject: Re: MS word and linux
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 10 Jun 2000 18:01:18 GMT

On Fri, 9 Jun 2000 14:26:12 -0400, Mariusz Pagowski
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi,
> I am receiving some e-mail in Word and want to read it in linux
> without going to windows. Is there any software (free/cheap) which would
> allow me to do that?
> Thanks,
> Mariusz
> 

staroffice (www.sun.com/staroffice/ ?), wordperfect (www.corel.com),
but I prefer abiword (http://www.abisource.com)

Martin

-- 
Linux Gebruikers Handleiding v1.2 : http://2mypage.cjb.net
Linux RedHat 6.1 Kernel 2.2.14  Toshiba P233 MHz, 32 Mb RAM
8:00pm up 7 days, 11:44, 4 users, load average: 0.18, 0.07, 0.01
Western Civilization, that would be a good idea!

------------------------------

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (David Bell)
Subject: Permissions can really get annoying...
Date: 10 Jun 2000 18:04:14 GMT

Hello!  I'm having some trouble with file permissions:  I connect to the
internet with a shell script which executes /sbin/ifup ppp1, it works well. 
But, now I need to use port forwarding for Napster with ipmasqadm.  Here's my
script:

#!/bin/sh
ppp_ip="`/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | grep 'inet addr' | awk '{print $2}' | \
sed -e 's/.*://'`"
/usr/sbin/ipmasqadm portfw -f
/usr/sbin/ipmasqadm portfw -a -P tcp -L ${ppp_ip} 6706 -R 192.168.1.6 6706

But, when I run the script as a normal user I get this error:  

dlopen(): /usr/lib/ipmasqadm/portfw.so: cannot open shared object file:
Permissi
on denied
dlopen(): /usr/lib/ipmasqadm/portfw.so: cannot open shared object file:
Permissi
on denied

As this is just my home system, security is not a big concern.  Also, I have
another script to disconnect (It just executes /sbin/ifdown ppp1).  Ifdown
doesn't seem to be completely reliable and it would be better if I could just
have the script use 'killall ppp-watch', but again normals users don't have
permission to do this.  

How can I fix these inconviences?  TIA!

=========================
David Bell - Otherwise known as DB7654321

Remember to remove nospam, notrash or anything odd looking from my email
address. :)

------------------------------

From: "p. eckel" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: .run-files
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 20:47:00 +0200


Thomas Zajic <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> schrieb in im Newsbeitrag:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> On Sat, 10 Jun 2000 18:15:46 +0200, p. eckel wrote:
>
> > i�m a linux newbie. i�ve just downloaded a quake3 patch for linux. but
> > this file is a .run-file. i don�t know how to use this file. do i have
> > to extract it? if yes, how?
>
> In X, open an xterm and run either
>
>    chmod +x whatever.run
>    ./whatever.run
>
> or
>
>    sh ./whatever.run
>
> HTH,
> Thomas

it worked, thank you very much.

philipp



------------------------------

From: Rick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.powerpc,alt.os.linux.mandrake
Subject: KPPP problem
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 15:04:50 -0400

When I try to connect to my ISP using KPPP, I get a timeout error saying
the connection timed out waiting for ppp to come up. But, I can connect
using Uernet/netcfg. Anyoane have any ideas?

Any help appreciated.
-- 
Rick
To reply by email remove the obvious from my address.

------------------------------

From: Tiger Zuchini <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: mounting and multimedia configuration
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 18:45:49 GMT

I'm not too linux savvy... so these may be basic questions !

How would I know that I've mounted my CDROM right ?  I dont get a cdrom
listed when I try df -k

Also, how does one go about configuring linux multimedia capabilities ?

thanks
~T


Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.

------------------------------

From: Dave Schanen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.sys.sun.hardware,comp.sys.sun.misc
Subject: Re: Sun Sparc faster then intel pentium: is this true????
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 09:21:54 -0500

"Stephen E. Halpin" wrote:

> You can go to http://www.spec.org and lookup the numbers..  Youll see
> the dual processor 800MHz Dell topping out the quad processor 450MHz
> Ultra 80 and the quad processor 400MHz E450 on SPECint_rate95 among
> other things.  Whereas the Suns are running at the highest clock rates
> available today, the Dell can be had with faster processors now.

This is getting getting ridiculous... Less than a month ago 'Boris' was
in here quoting the same bullshit benchmarks you were.  SPEC is based on
theoretical compilers which the chip producers create, and don't reflect
any real world technology, by the time we'll see the optimizations in
Visual C++ these machines will be dinosaurs.

Dave-o

------------------------------

From: Scott Jack <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: LINUX/WIN98SE internet
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 19:30:11 GMT

right now, i have a linux machine and a win98se machine networked together 
(meaning i can ping each other, ftp from win to linux).  my win comp is my 
connection to the internet via cable (cable company doesn't support linux 
connections).  is there any way or program that would let my linux comp 
see the internet connection?  

please, no "use you linux as your connection" posts, my cable provider 
doesn't support that, only Mac and winblows.

Scurry

--
Posted via CNET Help.com
http://www.help.com/

------------------------------

From: mst <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: Modem, Soundcard, and Zip Drive Problems
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 15:43:41 -0400

Paul Eisenberg wrote:

> Thanks for all the help, Im searching deja as we speak.  The Red Hat
> Finals I downloaded have the extension .rpm, and there is no readme,
> etc, etc to explain anything.  What are those extensions and how do I
> work with them?

rpm is a packaging format used by RedHat and others (stands for RedHat
Package Manager). Corel is based on Debian, and (presumably, I haven't
tried it myself) uses Debian's package manager, dpkg, with Debian
packages (.deb). AFAIK, there is a tool named Alien that lets you
convert between the various package formats, do a search on it.

MST

------------------------------

From: Patricia <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.powerpc,alt.os.linux.mandrake
Subject: Re: KPPP problem
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 21:52:11 +0200

On Sat, 10 Jun 2000, Rick wrote:
>When I try to connect to my ISP using KPPP, I get a timeout error saying
>the connection timed out waiting for ppp to come up. But, I can connect
>using Uernet/netcfg. Anyoane have any ideas?
>
>Any help appreciated.
>-- 
>Rick
>To reply by email remove the obvious from my address.
Rick
change the settings in line termination (->setup -> device) 
increase the PPPD time-out (-> setup -> ppp) 
uncheck use lock file ( -> setup -> device) 

--
Good Luck
Patricia
ICQ 69588792

http://beginnerslinux.org
http://www.crosswinds.net/~beginnerslinux
Red Hat Linux release 6.0 (Hedwig)
Kernel 2.2.5-15 
  9:52pm  up 14 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.57, 0.46, 0.36
Sat Jun 10 21:52:32 CEST 2000

------------------------------

Subject: Re: Linux USB support !
From: David Steuber <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 20:00:00 GMT

Not to mention that a USB port can handle up to 127 devices, so long
as they don't use up the 12Mbps communications channel.  For low speed 
devices, USB is a good idea.

-- 
David Steuber   |   Hi!  My name is David Steuber, and I am
NRA Member      |   a hoploholic.

All bits are significant.  Some bits are more significant than others.
        -- Charles Babbage Orwell

------------------------------

Subject: Re: Duplicate a diskette of unknown format exactly
From: David Steuber <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 20:00:00 GMT

[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows) writes:

' On Sat, 10 Jun 2000 11:45:06 +0800, Lee Tien Huat 
' <<8hscv8$for$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>> shouted forth into the ether:
' >I have one diskette of unknown format (maybe someone created for his/her own
' >use, so there is no program to format it). How do I duplicate this diskette
' >exactly?
' 
' Can you mount the disk in some way, shape, or form?  And what hardware
' platform is this on?
...

Could dd be used to simply copy an exact image of the device to a file 
and then the file back to another floppy disk?  Just a though.

-- 
David Steuber   |   Hi!  My name is David Steuber, and I am
NRA Member      |   a hoploholic.

All bits are significant.  Some bits are more significant than others.
        -- Charles Babbage Orwell

------------------------------

Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.advocacy
Subject: Re: democracy?
From: David Steuber <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 19:59:59 GMT

[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:

' Wonder how long before government witnesses start disappearing or dying
' off from mysterious causes?  Seems a logical next step for Microsoft....

It is odd that a company such as Microsoft hasn't taken that step
sooner.  It is just as odd that the people who have been trampled by
Microsoft haven't done something similar to Microsoft employees or
officers.  Or the lawyers.

Anyway, there is still the appellate process to go through.  While all 
that is going on, Microsoft has a chance to organize affairs so that a 
break up won't hurt Bill Gates.

Carnegie kept getting richer after Standard Oil was broken up.

-- 
David Steuber   |   Hi!  My name is David Steuber, and I am
NRA Member      |   a hoploholic.

All bits are significant.  Some bits are more significant than others.
        -- Charles Babbage Orwell

------------------------------

From: Bob Martin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: mounting and multimedia configuration
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 15:04:50 -0500

Tiger Zuchini wrote:
> 
> I'm not too linux savvy... so these may be basic questions !
> 
> How would I know that I've mounted my CDROM right ?  I dont get a cdrom
> listed when I try df -k
> 
> Also, how does one go about configuring linux multimedia capabilities ?
> 

You look at the messages returned by the mount command. If you type
mount with no options, it will give you a list of mounted filesystems
--

Bob Martin

------------------------------

Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.advocacy
From: "Andrew N. McGuire " <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: democracy?
Date: Sat, 10 Jun 2000 15:09:26 -0500

On Sat, 10 Jun 2000, Robert J Carter wrote:

+ In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
+       Smitty <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
+ > Mark Wilden wrote:
+ > 
+ >> Salvador Peralta wrote:
+ >> >
+ >> > let's remember that the United States is not now, nor has it ever been a
+ >> > democracy.
+ >>
+ >> Yes it is. It's a representative democracy. The people do rule, through
+ >> their elected officials (in theory, at least).
+ > 
+ > You are misinformed on that point, Mark.  Please refer to the U.S.
+ > Constitution and the legal definitions of republic and democracy.
+ > Smitty
+ > 
+ > 
+ 
+ I think it it YOU who are being misinformed. Saying a republic is
+ cannot be a democracy is like saying an orange can't be a fruit. They
+ are not mutually exclusive.

Correct, lets clear up the mystery!!! Match 'republic 2.a' with
'democracy 1'. 

republic 
n. Abbr. rep., Rep., Repub. 

    1.
        a. A political order whose head of state is not a
           monarch and in modern times is usually a president.
        b. A nation that has such a political order. 
    2.
        a. A political order in which the supreme power lies in
           a body of citizens who are entitled to vote for officers 
           and representatives responsible to them. 
        b. A nation that has such a political order. 
    3. Often Republic. A specific republican government of a
       nation: the Fourth Republic of France.
    4. An autonomous or partially autonomous political and
       territorial unit belonging to a sovereign federation. 
    5. A group of people working as equals in the same sphere or
       field: the republic of letters. 

democracy 
n., pl. democracies. 

    1. Government by the people, exercised either directly or
       through elected representatives. 
    2. A political or social unit that has such a government. 
    3. The common people, considered as the primary source of
       political power. 
    4. Majority rule. 
    5. The principles of social equality and respect for the
       individual within a community. 

So there you have it, democracy and republic are not necessarily
mutually exclusive terms.

Best Wishes,

anm
-- 
/*-------------------------------------------------------.
| Andrew N. McGuire                                      |
| [EMAIL PROTECTED]                              |
`-------------------------------------------------------*/


------------------------------


** FOR YOUR REFERENCE **

The service address, to which questions about the list itself and requests
to be added to or deleted from it should be directed, is:

    Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

You can send mail to the entire list (and comp.os.linux.misc) via:

    Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Linux may be obtained via one of these FTP sites:
    ftp.funet.fi                                pub/Linux
    tsx-11.mit.edu                              pub/linux
    sunsite.unc.edu                             pub/Linux

End of Linux-Misc Digest
******************************

Reply via email to