Linux-Misc Digest #607, Volume #26 Thu, 21 Dec 00 23:13:02 EST
Contents:
Re: mtools & 720 kb disks (Dances With Crows)
Re: resizing partitions (glitch)
Re: Shell Calculator (PoD)
Re: Do Linux ext2 partition need defrag? (John Hasler)
Re: not a valid block device (Robert Grizzard)
Re: kernel upgrade problem (John Westerdale)
Re: not a valid block device (Dances With Crows)
Re: Shell Calculator ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
RH 6.1 or 6.2 ("Generic User")
Mount /tmp in swap (* Tong *)
Re: How to change the color in lynx/elvis (Bryan Hoyt)
Re: How to drop back to X (and switch to Gnome or ...) (Bryan Hoyt)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows)
Subject: Re: mtools & 720 kb disks
Date: 22 Dec 2000 01:18:19 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
On Thu, 21 Dec 2000 15:59:42 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] staggered into
the Black Sun and said:
>I have a 720 kb formatted DOS disk which I am trying to read/write from
>Linux using mtools. I do:
>
>~/.mtoolsrc
>
>drive a:
> file="/dev/fd0H1440"
> fat_bits=12
> cylinders=80 heads=2 sectors=18
> mformat_only
>
>drive a:
> file="/dev/fd0H1440"
> fat_bits=12
> cylinders=80 heads=2 sectors=9
> mformat_only
1440, like the name implies, means a
1.44M disk while 720 means a 720K disk. I think you want something like
this:
drive b: file="/dev/fd0h720" fat_bits=12 cylinders=80 heads=2 sectors=9
so when you access B: in mtools, they can pick up the right device node
and call the kernel floppy-handling functions with the right parameters.
That way, you can use B: for 720K disks and A: for 1.4M disks. (Unless
you have a 2nd floppy drive and are attached to calling it B:, but so few
people have more than 1 floppy these days...)
>Please tell me how to get mtools to work with 720 kb disks.
"mount -t vfat /dev/fd0h720 /mnt/floppy720" also works. Autodetection
of the floppy type via /dev/fd0 *should* work with 720K and 1.4M
floppies. I've never been able to get it to work with 1.7M floppies
though. HTH,
--
Matt G|There is no Darkness in Eternity/But only Light too dim for us to see
Brainbench MVP for Linux Admin / Workin' in a code mine, hittin' Ctrl-Alt
http://www.brainbench.com / Workin' in a code mine, whoops!
=============================/ I hit a seg fault....
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2000 20:30:29 -0500
From: glitch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: resizing partitions
Trond Alfred Solvang Andetrsen wrote:
>
> Hello!
>
> I'm trying to install the Linux distribution of Sybase Adaptive
> Enterprise Server on a redhat 7.0 system. Despite the fact that I'm
> still something of a newbie in the world of linux, I've got through the
> RPM installation procedure and should bee ready to start cofiguring the
> database server. During my first shot at the srvbuild utillity that
> comes with the Sybase installation I got promted for a "master device
> path" which as far as I understand is supposed to be the mounting point
> of a raw partition where the master database can be placed. My first
> problem is that the system initially has been set up without any "raw"
> partitions available and that I need to reduse the size of one of the
Partition magic can reduce partitions w/o losing data (its still good to
backup though just in case) however I do not know how well, if at all,
it works with RAID configurations. Fdisk will resize your partitions but
you have to delete the old ones and make new ones to 'resize' them. But
doing this delets your data so unless u have a backup dont use fdisk.
> exsisting partitions in order to make room for a new one. Hopefully,
> this can be done without destroying data on any of the current
> partitions. My second problem is that I don't know exactly what a raw
> partition is.
I assume raw to mean the partition isn't formatted yet.
> I've heard about ext2fs, fat and ntfs partitions, but
> don't know what type to use when I - hopefully in the near future - am
well if u are using linux then use the linux file system ext2fs. Don't
use FAT or ntfs if u are using linux, that is only logical.
> aboat to define the partition I need for my Sybase installation. However
> the installation guide tells me that what I need is a character device
> rather than a block device, whatever that's supposed to mean.
block device is whatyou store data on, character device is like a mouse
or keyboard that is used to input data (scanner is another type I
believe)
>
> In order to make room for new partitions I first had to find out what I
> had to work with. This is the output from the df utillity :
>
> [root@ntekrh7 netadmin]# df
> Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
> /dev/md0 29229220 2369832 25374588 9% /
>
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> As far as I can see the system is set up with a two hard disk drives and
> a RAID1 configuration:
>
> [root@ntekrh7 netadmin]# fdisk -l /dev/hda
>
> Disk /dev/hda: 240 heads, 63 sectors, 3973 cylinders
> Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 bytes
>
> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
> /dev/hda1 * 1 3929 29703208+ fd Linux raid autodetect
> /dev/hda2 3930 3973 332640 5 Extended
> /dev/hda5 3930 3973 332608+ 82 Linux swap
>
>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> [root@ntekrh7 netadmin]# fdisk -l /dev/hdc
>
> Disk /dev/hdc: 16 heads, 63 sectors, 59598 cylinders
> Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 bytes
>
> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
> /dev/hdc1 * 1 58921 29696152+ fd Linux raid autodetect
> /dev/hdc2 58922 59598 341208 5 Extended
> /dev/hdc5 58922 59572 328072+ 82 Linux swap
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> What I would like to know is how to resize my excisting partition(s), if
> possible without messing up the RAID configuration and hopefully without
> destroying any data. As if that was not enough I also hope that any of
> you have an idea about how to define a new "raw" partition in order to
> make the Sybase installation utillity happy. So far I've learned that
> fdisk or parted could be useful tools in this matter, but I would really
> appreciate some advise on how to use them.
well i can't help you with resizing in a RAID configuration. Using just
a single disk I just use fdisk when i dont care about losing data. I've
only used Partition Magic once and it had trouble, actually it wouldnt
let me resize my fat32 partition at all. To define a new raw partition
you just create a new partition and not format it. B/c its not formatted
its raw.
HTH
------------------------------
From: PoD <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Shell Calculator
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2000 12:14:12 +1030
Gregor Horvath wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> Is there a calculator for Linux (Suse 6.3) for the shell available ? (no
> X)
>
> Example:
>
> root@I$ calc 10*2
> = 20
> root@I$ _
>
> Greg
How simple are your calculations?
Bash can do simple arithmetic -
$ echo $((10*(2+5)))
70
$ echo $((53/7))
7
--
PoD.
------------------------------
From: John Hasler <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Do Linux ext2 partition need defrag?
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2000 00:45:07 GMT
Jean-David Beyer writes:
> By scattering the data so the physical blocks were 0, 2, 1, then after
> you read block 0, you could take all the time that it took for block 2 to
> go by, since you were not going to read it next anyway, and by the time
> block 1 came around, the data channel would already be set up for it.
But that's just interleaving. Well-known (or once was...) and not at all
the same as fragmentation.
--
John Hasler
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (John Hasler)
Dancing Horse Hill
Elmwood, WI
------------------------------
From: Robert Grizzard <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: alt.os.linux
Subject: Re: not a valid block device
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2000 20:01:45 -0600
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
> moonie;) <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> On Thu, 21 Dec 2000, glitch wrote:
>>
>> If you read his post he never mentions that it is a parallel port zip
> if it is
>> an internal zip than /dev/hdd4 could be the correct device.
> It's an internal zip, and /dev/hdd4 used to work with the old kernel, so
> I assume that it uses IDE interface. It's just not a block device any
> more.
I think I'd check to see if I'd put IDE Floppy capability in the kernel.
HTH
------------------------------
From: John Westerdale <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: linux.redhat.misc
Subject: Re: kernel upgrade problem
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2000 02:26:39 GMT
Hi All,
My recipe:
tar off new kernel src to /usr/src/linux
cd /usr/src/linux/
make xconfig
pick all relevant selections (make ethernet drivers 'Y' not modular,
same with SCSI and anything you dont need all the time. Make
sound modular (grep /usr/src/linux/Documents/sound/* for your
sound card chip, and apply rationally!)
make dep clean bzImage modules modules_install
(pending successful outcome!)
mv System.map /boot
mv arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot
(add stanza similar to:
image=/boot/bzImage
label=new
read-only
root=/dev/sda1
.... tailor last line to point to / partition)
lilo
reboot
(select 'new' at lilo prompt)
================================
For less practiced proto-admins (as root):
put non-writeprotected floppy in place
put kernel src in /usr/src
cd /usr/src
gzip -d linux-2.2.18-linux.tar.gz
tar xvf 2.2.18-linux.tar
cd linux
make dep clean bzdisk modules modules_install
and leave lilo.conf alone...
then reboot! (assuming the BIOS is set to check floppy first).
This allows you to boot new kernels safely from floppies,
without getting in too deep into boot stuff. Repeat 10X
then learn about Lilo!)
==============================
A 'depmod -a' after booting will reveal any Modules bones.
Then if booting off floppy works, learn about lilo.conf,
hack it as above.
make dep clean bzImage
(as modules are already in place)
mv System.map to /boot
pnpdump > /tmp/a
more /tmp/a and learn to set up ISA pnp devices
Edit file as appropriate.
'isapnp /tmp/a' should not show errors!
mv /tmp/a /etc/isapnp.conf
modprobe module_name
may help with problem modules
reboot
watch /proc/interrupts and /etc/ioports
Use sndconfig to setup sound card.
man pump to learn about DHCP
man ipchains for Firewalling/etc
Read Read and use http://www.deja.com to the max!
Tell and show your friends what you have learned!
Reboots are for upgrades.
JDW
> "Rinaldi J. Montessi" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> > Londonboy wrote:
> > >
> > > I am running RedHat 6.1 with Kernel 2.2.12-20 and I recently upgraded to
> > > Kernel 2.2.16-3 (with mkinitrd, sysvinit, initscripts upgraded too).
> > >
> > > After I rebooted the machine, my external NIC does not work anymore (I
> am on
> > > Cable modem, so the ext. Nic is configured to use DHCP to get the IP
> > > address), while the internal NIC works fine coz it is static,
> 192.168.0.1
> > >
> > > I don't know how to solve this problem because my old Kernel worked
> fine.
> > >
> > > Please help. it would be appreicate.
> > >
>
> > > L.B.
>
# Computers should be as dependable as TV sets # Linux does it! #
> # Time flies like the wind, Fruit flies like a banana #
> # mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] # The Perils of living in 3D #
>
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Dances With Crows)
Crossposted-To: alt.os.linux
Subject: Re: not a valid block device
Date: 22 Dec 2000 02:31:11 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
On Thu, 21 Dec 2000 19:13:29 -0500, moonie;) staggered into the Black
Sun and said:
>On Thu, 21 Dec 2000, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>>In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>> moonie;) <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>> On Thu, 21 Dec 2000, glitch wrote:
>>>
>>> If you read his post he never mentions that it is a parallel port zip
>>if it is
>>> an internal zip than /dev/hdd4 could be the correct device.
>>
>>It's an internal zip, and /dev/hdd4 used to work with the old kernel, so
>>I assume that it uses IDE interface. It's just not a block device any
>>more.
>
>I don't have an answer for you because I use a parallel port model,
>however it gives me this error on only 1 disk, nothing wrong with it in
>Winblows. Ran scandisk and defrag, even checked to make sure it wasn't
>write protected, it isn't, just won't work with my Linux system. very
>strange.
Something you might try is to "fdisk -l /dev/hdd" with that disk in the
drive. For some reason, some ZIP disks are partitioned such that the
first partition contains the filesystem, not the 4th one. WinXX and DOS
handle this case in a user-transparent manner, but not Linux. Failing
that, you can try "dd if=/dev/hdd of=/somewhere" and then "dosfsck
/somewhere && mount -t vfat /somewhere /mountpoint -o loop" to see if
you can get a look at the data on the disk. Yes, it's a brain-damaged
hack, but it's saved my bacon on a couple of occasions. HTH, good
luck....
--
Matt G|There is no Darkness in Eternity/But only Light too dim for us to see
Brainbench MVP for Linux Admin / Workin' in a code mine, hittin' Ctrl-Alt
http://www.brainbench.com / Workin' in a code mine, whoops!
=============================/ I hit a seg fault....
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Shell Calculator
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2000 02:34:21 GMT
Gregor Horvath wrote:
> Is there a calculator for Linux (Suse 6.3) for the shell available ? (no
I can't speak for Suse, but Mandrake 7.1, and most traditional Unices
have "bc", described in the man page as "An arbitrary precision
calculator language". You can use it interactively, or call it from a
script. I'd be quite surprised not to find it in any distribution.
--
Jim Buchanan [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]
=================== http://www.buchanan1.net/ ==========================
"The world is full of kings and queens, who blind your eyes and steal your
dreams. They tell you black is really white, the moon is just the sun at
night" -Ronnie James Dio
========================================================================
------------------------------
From: "Generic User" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: RH 6.1 or 6.2
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2000 03:04:04 GMT
Where can I still download RH6.1 (preferrably) or RH6.2?
A lot of the sites Google gave me now have broken 6.x
links.
-chris
------------------------------
From: * Tong * <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Mount /tmp in swap
Date: 21 Dec 2000 23:54:17 -0400
Hi,
I had asked a question on mounting swap in /tmp. Matt gave a very
helpful instruction on that. (If anyone is interested in it, search
in deja news with the subject "mount swap in /tmp" in
comp.os.linux.misc)
Now, having happily stayed in the above situation for a while and
gained some more knowledge of the swap, I now realized that maybe
the best way is the other way around -- mounting /tmp in swap,
'cause I can make swap grow in some critical circumstances when the
/tmp grows too big.
So, how should I mount /tmp in swap? Detailed instruction is very
much appreciated. Thanks.
--
Tong (remove underscore(s) to reply)
http://members.xoom.com/suntong001/
- All free contribution & collection & music from the heavens
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bryan Hoyt)
Subject: Re: How to change the color in lynx/elvis
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2000 04:06:06 GMT
Who ever said Otto Wyss couldn't write what follows?:
>Lynx and elvis and probably some more do use too dark colors so I can't
>read them on my monitor. Where can I change these colors either for all
>or for each programm?
>
>O. Wyss
For lynx: /etc/lynx.cfg
The .lynxrc file in $HOME might also do colors, but I'm not sure. In my
opinion the $HOME/.*rc files ought to have the same setup as they do in
/etc/*, but I'm not sure they do always.
I don't know about elvis.
--
Bryan Hoyt
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://www.crosswinds.net/~artmusic
===================================
THE LESSER-KNOWN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES #10: SIMPLE
SIMPLE is an acronym for Sheer Idiot's Monopurpose Programming Language
Environment. This language, developed at the Hanover College for
Technological Misfits, was designed to make it impossible to write code
with errors in it. The statements are, therefore, confined to BEGIN,
END and STOP. No matter how you arrange the statements, you can't make
a syntax error. Programs written in SIMPLE do nothing useful. Thus
they achieve the results of programs written in other languages without
the tedious, frustrating process of testing and debugging.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bryan Hoyt)
Subject: Re: How to drop back to X (and switch to Gnome or ...)
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 22 Dec 2000 17:06:04 +1200
Who ever said Peter T. Breuer couldn't write what follows?:
>Dennis J. Tuchler <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>> Thanks for the response to my plea for help. How do I get to root? The login
>> screen only gives me the option of going to KDE.
>
>You are very confused. Root is a personality, not a window manager.
>
I don't think you helped him much. I'll try.
Each user on a Linux system has his/her own username. There is one
user called 'root', with the username of 'root'. This user can do anything
that the system is physically capable of doing. (I.e. format the harddrive,
mess up everyone's config files, and other useful things.)
Before the Graphical User Interface (gui) came into common use for
the average user, the Linux system would boot to a text-mode login screen.
This is what is generally called runlevel 3. Kdm, the KDE login screen
(what you appear to use), and other variants are in runlevel 5, the
graphical runlevel. This runlevel is basically X window run on top of
runlevel 3.
X window is the major Linux graphical server. There are others, but
far less popular. It provides basic graphical capabilities to the system it
runs on. Programs running on X window use these capabilities to draw
windows, pictures, etc.
On top of X window, what's called a 'Window Manager' (wm for short.)
This is what put the frames etc. around the windows, enabling the user to
drag them around, resize them, etc.
KDE is what's called a desktop environment, which is a cohesive
collection of programs which are able to have a degree of smooth interaction
with each other. KDE has it's own window manager to manage the windows. The
programs can interact in terms of drag'n'drop, cut'n'paste, etc.
I hope I've helped some.
To attempt an answer at your first question, you can get to runlevel 3 by
pressing 'ctrl-alt-F1'. This will get you to the first textmode console, and
you will see a login prompt. To get to the other consoles, do the same
thing, but substitute the correspond function key for 'F1' in the above
example.
I hope the above info is correct. Please anyone correct me if I'm wrong
anywhere.
--
Bryan Hoyt
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://www.crosswinds.net/~artmusic
===================================
THE LESSER-KNOWN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES #10: SIMPLE
SIMPLE is an acronym for Sheer Idiot's Monopurpose Programming Language
Environment. This language, developed at the Hanover College for
Technological Misfits, was designed to make it impossible to write code
with errors in it. The statements are, therefore, confined to BEGIN,
END and STOP. No matter how you arrange the statements, you can't make
a syntax error. Programs written in SIMPLE do nothing useful. Thus
they achieve the results of programs written in other languages without
the tedious, frustrating process of testing and debugging.
------------------------------
** FOR YOUR REFERENCE **
The service address, to which questions about the list itself and requests
to be added to or deleted from it should be directed, is:
Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
You can send mail to the entire list by posting to comp.os.linux.misc.
Linux may be obtained via one of these FTP sites:
ftp.funet.fi pub/Linux
tsx-11.mit.edu pub/linux
sunsite.unc.edu pub/Linux
End of Linux-Misc Digest
******************************
