Linux-Misc Digest #995, Volume #26 Thu, 1 Feb 01 20:13:03 EST
Contents:
Re: Netscape 6 - Memory Usage !! ("Lars Bengtsson")
Re: crc error - system halted ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: MS to Enforce Registration - or Else (Brian V. Smith)
Re: linux boot problem
Re: crc error - system halted
Re: linux boot problem (Mike E.)
Re: MS to Enforce Registration - or Else ("Aaron R. Kulkis")
Re: MS to Enforce Registration - or Else ("Aaron R. Kulkis")
Re: crc error - system halted ("Chris Divine")
Re: crc error - system halted ("Chris Divine")
Re: ALD - Assembly Language Debugger - where? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Moving boot (Chris Woodhouse)
Re: Is FreeBSD Linux ? (Arctic Storm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: "Lars Bengtsson" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Netscape 6 - Memory Usage !!
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 2001 00:22:31 +0100
I have the same problem as you. My machine has 128 Mb ram and uses swapping.
The mozilla-bin uses about 50-120 mb, now I have disconnected java-support
in preferences, releasing a considerable amount of ram. But it still uses a
lot. I've heard people recomend the browser in KDE 2 instead.
Best regards Lars Bengtsson
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: crc error - system halted
Date: Thu, 01 Feb 2001 23:16:21 GMT
In article <95cevd$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
"Chris Divine" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I am frequently running into the error that says:
>
> Uncompressing Linux...
>
> crc error
>
> -- system halted
>
> I have gotten several explanations from people as to what may be
causing
> this, from bad RAM to a bad hard disk to bad bus speed on the mobo to
. . .
> .
>
> Anyone care to throw in your explanation and how you tracked down the
> problem? For what it's worth, it may take me 8 or 9 reboots before I
get
> past this error and the system boots the kernel correctly. Is there a
way to
> make an uncompressed kernel so that the system doesn't have to
uncompress it
> on the fly during boot up?
>
> I have seen this on both my 2.2.x kernel and my 2.4.x kernel.
>
> --
> 'First they tell you you're wrong and they can prove it;
> then they tell you you're right but it isn't important;
> then they tell you it's important but they knew it all along.'
> ---
> Chris
> "I don't speak for Intel and they don't speak for me"
>
>
You may have tried this but I thought I would throw it out here just
in case. Since it seems that you had this trouble after recompiling your
kernel I am wondering if you went through all the steps
make dep
make clean
make bzImage
make modules
make modules_install
cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/image /boot
cp bzImage vmlinuz
cp /usr/src/linux/System.map /boot
Edit your /etc/lilo.conf as needed, save and exit
then run /sbin/lilo
this should clear up your uncompress error.
--
Tim Coble
Support provided by Linuxgruven, Inc.
www.linuxgruven.com
314-727-0918
Sent via Deja.com
http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Brian V. Smith)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.advocacy
Subject: Re: MS to Enforce Registration - or Else
Date: 1 Feb 2001 23:18:45 GMT
In article <957he1$h7q$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Steve Mading
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
|> In comp.os.linux.advocacy Brian V. Smith <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
|> : In article <94ssr1$ae9$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (.) writes:
|> : |> In comp.os.linux.advocacy Craig Kelley <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
|> : |> > [EMAIL PROTECTED] (.) writes:
|> : |>
|> : |> >> In comp.os.linux.advocacy Harlan Grove <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
|> : |> >>
|> : |> >> > Maybe there's a good reason for literacy tests after all.
|> : |> >>
|> : |> >> Perhaps. But ill put my verbal SAT score up against yours or anyone
|> : |> >> elses, any time.
|> : |>
|> : |> > You mean << I'll >> and << else's >>? ;)
|> : |>
|> : |> No, I meant exactly what I typed. See dejanews for my multiple arguments
|> : |> for the granular use of capitals and contractions in informal prose.
|>
|> : Oh, that's *really* authoritative. It's pretty sad how lazy people have become
|> : or ignorant of correct grammer when it comes to "prose".
|>
|> Chosing to deliberately disobey a grammer rule is not always a
|> case of laziness or ignorance. I chose to not use the standard
|> American English method of quotation because it is illogical.
|>
|> Consider this sentence:
|> Standard way: "I went home," Bob said.
|> More Logical way #1: "I went home", Bob said
|> More Logical way #2: "I went home" Bob said
|> More Logical way #3: "I went home." Bob said
[deletia]
|> I see no problem with deliberately seeking to change the grammar
|> rules when they make no sense.
Perhaps, but we were talking about the apostrophes in this case. Mr (.) likes
to leave them out altogether so he says "ill" instead of "I'll" and "elses" instead
of "else's", which is hard to read and is worse than just disobeying a grammar rule.
You know, like when someone says "noone" instead of "no one". It is hard to see
"noone" and pronounce it with two syllables.
--
===============================================================
Brian V. Smith ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) http://www-epb.lbl.gov/BVSmith
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
I don't speak for LBL; they don't pay me enough for that.
Check out the xfig site at http://www-epb.lbl.gov/xfig
To the optimist, the glass is half full. To the pessimist, the
glass is half empty. To the engineer, the glass is twice as big
as it needs to be.
------------------------------
From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help
Subject: Re: linux boot problem
Date: Thu, 1 Feb 2001 18:33:05 -0500
Note that the partitions listed are primary partitions.
Chances are that the tables have been altered, but the data still exists on
the hdd.
try walking through the installation to see what partitions they used, and
then using fdisk, recreate them.
Then using a boot disk, boot and try to mount it.
hth
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:95cghb$9e4$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> I have a dual boot system running both Win 98se and Redhat 7. A windows
> virus overwrote my MBR (which contained lilo) and now I can't boot. I
> got in from a linux boot disk and tryed to mount the root partition
> however it does not seem to exist. I used the default redhat setup and
> never really payed attention to what partitions it setup. When now I
> list the partitions with fdisk I get:
>
> /dev/hda1 windows 4Gb
> /dev/hda2 linux swap 128Mb
> /dev/hda3 linux (/boot) 1.2Gb
>
> I can mount /dev/hda3 and read the boot directory of my system however I
> cannot get to my root directory. I assume it is in /dev/hda3 somewhere
> because that partition is so big. Any help as to how I can boot and/or
> read my root directory would be very appreciated.
>
>
> Sent via Deja.com
> http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: crc error - system halted
Date: Thu, 1 Feb 2001 18:34:33 -0500
never had it, but what hardware are you running ?
Chris Divine <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:95cevd$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> I am frequently running into the error that says:
>
> Uncompressing Linux...
>
> crc error
>
> -- system halted
>
> I have gotten several explanations from people as to what may be causing
> this, from bad RAM to a bad hard disk to bad bus speed on the mobo to . .
.
> .
>
> Anyone care to throw in your explanation and how you tracked down the
> problem? For what it's worth, it may take me 8 or 9 reboots before I get
> past this error and the system boots the kernel correctly. Is there a way
to
> make an uncompressed kernel so that the system doesn't have to uncompress
it
> on the fly during boot up?
>
> I have seen this on both my 2.2.x kernel and my 2.4.x kernel.
>
> --
> 'First they tell you you're wrong and they can prove it;
> then they tell you you're right but it isn't important;
> then they tell you it's important but they knew it all along.'
> ---
> Chris
> "I don't speak for Intel and they don't speak for me"
>
>
------------------------------
From: Mike E. <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.help
Subject: Re: linux boot problem
Date: Thu, 01 Feb 2001 23:28:46 GMT
In article <95cghb$9e4$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> I have a dual boot system running both Win 98se and Redhat 7. A
windows
> virus overwrote my MBR (which contained lilo) and now I can't boot. I
> got in from a linux boot disk and tryed to mount the root partition
> however it does not seem to exist. I used the default redhat setup
and
> never really payed attention to what partitions it setup. When now I
> list the partitions with fdisk I get:
>
> /dev/hda1 windows 4Gb
> /dev/hda2 linux swap 128Mb
> /dev/hda3 linux (/boot) 1.2Gb
>
> I can mount /dev/hda3 and read the boot directory of my system however
I
> cannot get to my root directory. I assume it is in /dev/hda3
somewhere
> because that partition is so big. Any help as to how I can boot
and/or
> read my root directory would be very appreciated.
>
> Sent via Deja.com
> http://www.deja.com/
>
If you can get a hold of a Tom's Root Boot floppy, I have found it to be
extremely helpful and good. (If not, a Slackware CDRom will act as a
boot disk).
Are you sure that hda3 isn't /root instead of /boot? Normally if you
had 3 Linux partitions your setup would have skipped hda2-4 (making one
of them and extended partition) and put /boot and /root etc. starting at
hda5.
If the boot disk doesn't show you a partition with / on it though and
you didn't save the info about your partition table, then you may end up
having to reinstall Linux.
Mike
--
Support provided by Linuxgruven, Inc.
http://www.linuxgruven.com
314-727-0918
Sent via Deja.com
http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: "Aaron R. Kulkis" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.advocacy
Subject: Re: MS to Enforce Registration - or Else
Date: Thu, 01 Feb 2001 18:42:42 -0500
Nick Condon wrote:
>
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Aaron R. Kulkis) wrote in
>
> >However, this has NOTHING to do with Microsoft. They have NEVER been
> >*granted* a government-sanctioned monopoly.
>
> All copyrights and patents are government granted monopolies. Microsoft
> holds many.
And how many of them read "THE desktop operating system for office and
home users"?
--
Aaron R. Kulkis
Unix Systems Engineer
DNRC Minister of all I survey
ICQ # 3056642
H: "Having found not one single carbon monoxide leak on the entire
premises, it is my belief, and Willard concurs, that the reason
you folks feel listless and disoriented is simply because
you are lazy, stupid people"
I: Loren Petrich's 2-week stubborn refusal to respond to the
challenge to describe even one philosophical difference
between himself and the communists demonstrates that, in fact,
Loren Petrich is a COMMUNIST ***hole
J: Other knee_jerk reactionaries: billh, david casey, redc1c4,
The retarded sisters: Raunchy (rauni) and Anencephielle (Enielle),
also known as old hags who've hit the wall....
A: The wise man is mocked by fools.
B: Jet Silverman plays the fool and spews out nonsense as a
method of sidetracking discussions which are headed in a
direction that she doesn't like.
C: Jet Silverman claims to have killfiled me.
D: Jet Silverman now follows me from newgroup to newsgroup
...despite (C) above.
E: Jet is not worthy of the time to compose a response until
her behavior improves.
F: Unit_4's "Kook hunt" reminds me of "Jimmy Baker's" harangues against
adultery while concurrently committing adultery with Tammy Hahn.
G: Knackos...you're a retard.
------------------------------
From: "Aaron R. Kulkis" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.advocacy
Subject: Re: MS to Enforce Registration - or Else
Date: Thu, 01 Feb 2001 18:43:31 -0500
Ian Davey wrote:
>
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, "Aaron R. Kulkis" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >> As far as Atheists are concerned, god doesn't exist any more than Santa Claus
> >> or the Easter Bunny.
> >
> >Which *IS* a belief in itself.
>
> Not true. I read lots of novels and enjoy them, but don't believe any of the
> content as it's just fiction. There's no belief system wrapped up in it.
> There's no need to pay any attention to people who elevate stories into a
> belief system.
You have just expressed a belief.
It might be true, or not...either way, it IS a belief.
>
> There are lots of fairy tales with different versions told of them, the fact I
> don't believe they are true doesn't make that act of disbelief a "belief
> system". That's just absurd.
>
> My favourite version of the Jesus story is the one where the time traveller
> Karl Glogaeur goes back to witness the crucifiction, finds Jesus as a drooling
> idiot and ends up takes his place in the rest of the story[*]. The bible is
> simply a collection of similar moral stories, just like what has been
> represented by Fairy Tales. They're both just different ways of expressing the
> same thing, these stories can be useful as examples and supply useful sticks
> and carrots for those who do believe them.
>
> So where does any form of belief come into this? Next you'll be claiming that
> science is a religion as well (rather than a collection of theories).
>
> ian.
>
> * courtesy of "Behold the Man" by Michael Moorcock
>
> \ /
> (@_@) http://www.eclipse.co.uk/sweetdespise/ (dark literature)
> /(&)\ http://www.eclipse.co.uk/sweetdespise/libertycaptions/ (art)
> | |
--
Aaron R. Kulkis
Unix Systems Engineer
DNRC Minister of all I survey
ICQ # 3056642
H: "Having found not one single carbon monoxide leak on the entire
premises, it is my belief, and Willard concurs, that the reason
you folks feel listless and disoriented is simply because
you are lazy, stupid people"
I: Loren Petrich's 2-week stubborn refusal to respond to the
challenge to describe even one philosophical difference
between himself and the communists demonstrates that, in fact,
Loren Petrich is a COMMUNIST ***hole
J: Other knee_jerk reactionaries: billh, david casey, redc1c4,
The retarded sisters: Raunchy (rauni) and Anencephielle (Enielle),
also known as old hags who've hit the wall....
A: The wise man is mocked by fools.
B: Jet Silverman plays the fool and spews out nonsense as a
method of sidetracking discussions which are headed in a
direction that she doesn't like.
C: Jet Silverman claims to have killfiled me.
D: Jet Silverman now follows me from newgroup to newsgroup
...despite (C) above.
E: Jet is not worthy of the time to compose a response until
her behavior improves.
F: Unit_4's "Kook hunt" reminds me of "Jimmy Baker's" harangues against
adultery while concurrently committing adultery with Tammy Hahn.
G: Knackos...you're a retard.
------------------------------
From: "Chris Divine" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: crc error - system halted
Date: Thu, 1 Feb 2001 15:41:26 -0800
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:95cqnq$jt8$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> In article <95cevd$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
> "Chris Divine" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > I am frequently running into the error that says:
> >
> > Uncompressing Linux...
> >
> > crc error
> >
> > -- system halted
> >
> > I have gotten several explanations from people as to what may be
> causing
> > this, from bad RAM to a bad hard disk to bad bus speed on the mobo to
> . . .
> > .
> >
> > Anyone care to throw in your explanation and how you tracked down the
> > problem? For what it's worth, it may take me 8 or 9 reboots before I
> get
> > past this error and the system boots the kernel correctly. Is there a
> way to
> > make an uncompressed kernel so that the system doesn't have to
> uncompress it
> > on the fly during boot up?
> >
> > I have seen this on both my 2.2.x kernel and my 2.4.x kernel.
> >
> > --
> > 'First they tell you you're wrong and they can prove it;
> > then they tell you you're right but it isn't important;
> > then they tell you it's important but they knew it all along.'
> > ---
> > Chris
> > "I don't speak for Intel and they don't speak for me"
> >
> >
> You may have tried this but I thought I would throw it out here just
> in case. Since it seems that you had this trouble after recompiling your
> kernel I am wondering if you went through all the steps
> make dep
> make clean
> make bzImage
> make modules
> make modules_install
> cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/image /boot
> cp bzImage vmlinuz
> cp /usr/src/linux/System.map /boot
> Edit your /etc/lilo.conf as needed, save and exit
> then run /sbin/lilo
> this should clear up your uncompress error.
That looks like the procedure I followed. I'll try again tonight and let you
know.
------------------------------
From: "Chris Divine" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: crc error - system halted
Date: Thu, 1 Feb 2001 15:58:28 -0800
Pentium III 500MHz
128MB PC100 RAM
40gig IDE drive
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:gsme6.125464$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> never had it, but what hardware are you running ?
>
> Chris Divine <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
> news:95cevd$[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> > I am frequently running into the error that says:
> >
> > Uncompressing Linux...
> >
> > crc error
> >
> > -- system halted
> >
> > I have gotten several explanations from people as to what may be causing
> > this, from bad RAM to a bad hard disk to bad bus speed on the mobo to .
.
> .
> > .
> >
> > Anyone care to throw in your explanation and how you tracked down the
> > problem? For what it's worth, it may take me 8 or 9 reboots before I get
> > past this error and the system boots the kernel correctly. Is there a
way
> to
> > make an uncompressed kernel so that the system doesn't have to
uncompress
> it
> > on the fly during boot up?
> >
> > I have seen this on both my 2.2.x kernel and my 2.4.x kernel.
> >
> > --
> > 'First they tell you you're wrong and they can prove it;
> > then they tell you you're right but it isn't important;
> > then they tell you it's important but they knew it all along.'
> > ---
> > Chris
> > "I don't speak for Intel and they don't speak for me"
> >
> >
>
>
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: ALD - Assembly Language Debugger - where?
Date: Fri, 02 Feb 2001 00:24:10 GMT
Yep. Thanks a lot. gdb is great, but the ALD is (supossed to
be) an integrated disassembler + debugger. The tools that I
have seen so far are either a disassembler or a debugger
(i.e. gdb), with hopes for a reasonable GUI. The ldasm
is almost there, but falls short of being a debugger.
Thanks a lot, again.
-dan
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
JCA <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Never heard of this one. However, have you tried with
> gdb? If you do display/i $pc and use the nexti and stepi
> commands you can step through your code over individual
> assembly language instructions.
>
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> > This Linux tool used to be available (apparently) at
> > www.ellipse.magenet.com/ald.html but this link is now
> > broken. Does anyone have a (recent) copy of ALD or
> > knows of a new URL that works?
> > TIA.
> > dan
> >
> > Sent via Deja.com
> > http://www.deja.com/
>
>
Sent via Deja.com
http://www.deja.com/
------------------------------
From: Chris Woodhouse <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Crossposted-To:
alt.os.linux,comp.os.linux,comp.os.linux.questions,comp.os.linux.redhat,comp.os.linux.setup,linux.redhat.install,linux.redhat.misc
Subject: Moving boot
Date: Fri, 02 Feb 2001 00:41:41 GMT
I have redhat 6.0 installed on a pentium 90 with 4 hard drives. When I
installed it I had to use a floppy to boot because of the locations of
the partitions I was using for linux but now I have cleared some
partitions. In fact except for the first partition on the first hard
drive I could use any other partition to put /boot on so I tried to move
/boot and change my lilo conf to boot to the new drive but when I run
lilo -v it tells me that the hard drive has more than 1024 cylinders but
fdisk says it only has 524 it is a 500 meg disk. I'm not sure what to
do now. I copied the kernel to the new partition with the mkbootdisk
command I don't know if that even works for hard drive partitions but it
did copy files to the partition. I am including the output of all the
commands and the contents of lilo.conf on the floppy and the one on the
hd in /etc as well as the error I get when running lilo -v and I have
upgraded the bios on this computer so it will see disks up to 8 gig.
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 32 heads, 63 sectors, 524 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2016 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 494 497920+ 6 FAT16
/dev/hda2 * 495 524 30240 83 Linux
Disk /dev/hdb: 16 heads, 63 sectors, 2100 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdb1 * 1029 2100 540288 5 Extended
/dev/hdb2 1 500 251968+ 83 Linux
/dev/hdb5 1029 1288 131008+ 82 Linux swap
Disk /dev/hdc: 15 heads, 63 sectors, 13328 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdc1 * 1 1300 614218+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hdc2 2439 13328 5145525 5 Extended
/dev/hdc5 2439 6877 2097396 83 Linux
/dev/hdc6 6878 11316 2097396 83 Linux
Disk /dev/hdd: 128 heads, 63 sectors, 620 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8064 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdd1 * 1 254 1024096+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hdd2 255 620 1475712 5 Extended
/dev/hdd5 255 620 1475680+ 6 FAT16
cat /mnt/floppy/etc/lilo.conf
boot=/dev/fd0
timeout=100
message=/boot/message
prompt
image=/vmlinuz-2.2.5-15
label=linux
root=/dev/hdc5
initrd=/initrd.img
image=/vmlinuz-2.2.5-15
label=rescue
append="load_ramdisk=2 prompt_ramdisk=1"
root=/dev/fd0
initrd=/initrd.img
cat /etc/fstab
/dev/hdc5 / ext2 defaults
1 1
/dev/hdc6 /home ext2 defaults
1 2
/dev/hdb5 swap swap defaults
0 0
/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy ext2 noauto
0 0
/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro
0 0
none /proc proc defaults
0 0
none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622
0 0
/dev/hdd5 /1.5gigfat msdos exec,dev,suid,rw,conv=binary,uid=500,gid=500
1 1
cat /etc/lilo.conf
boot=/dev/hda
timeout=100
message=/boot/message
prompt
image=/vmlinuz-2.2.5-15
label=linux
root=/dev/hdc5
initrd=/initrd.img
image=/vmlinuz-2.2.5-15
label=rescue
append="load_ramdisk=2 prompt_ramdisk=1"
root=/dev/fd0
initrd=/initrd.img
other=/dev/hda1
label=dos
table=/dev/hda
lilo -v
Warning: BIOS drive 0x82 may not be accessible
Warning: device 0x1605 exceeds 1024 cylinder limit
LILO version 21, Copyright 1992-1998 Werner Almesberger
Reading boot sector from /dev/hda
Merging with /boot/boot.b
geo_comp_addr: Cylinder number is too big (2679 > 1023)
Chris Woodhouse
------------------------------
From: Arctic Storm <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Is FreeBSD Linux ?
Date: Fri, 02 Feb 2001 01:04:00 GMT
Thank you for such an informatitve/educational reply to my question.
==============================================
Elf Sternberg wrote:
> In article <XW4e6.2958$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Arctic Storm <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>
> >Is FreeBSD Linux ?
>
> No. *BSD (FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, and others) is a Unix
> kernel developed by the Berkeley Software Group in the late 1980s and
> early 1990s. If it hadn't been for AT&T (which at the time owned the
> Unix trademark) suing the Berkeley group and preventing its widespread
> release, we'd all be using BSD and Linux would be an interesting side
> project. But because it was held up in the courts, Linus's release of
> his kernel made Linux the defacto "free Unix" to play with.
>
> >I'm trying to figure out FreeBSD. I'm currently using RedHat 7, and
> >I'm happy with it.
>
> RedHat 7 is a Linux kernel with a variety of tools, some GPL,
> some not, wrapped around it. Just remember: X is not Linux; the shell
> is not Linux. Those are additional tools wrapped around a kernel.
> FreeBSD is a kernel.
>
> If you look, almost all of the tools you'll find on both FreeBSD
> and Linux are built from the same source code. The only difference is
> in their assemblage into programs; Linux and FreeBSD have different
> access points to things like filesystems, modems, networks, and things
> like that, although from the outside the networking all looks the same
> (Internet TCP/IP).
>
>
> >I read that FreeBSD uses Mach 3.0 kernel. Correct? Or does FreeBSD
> >use the Linux kernel? What is Mach? How is Mach related to Linux?
> >What about NetBSD or OpenBSD?
>
> They're all *different* kernels. Some are designed to be
> compatible with other kernels, either at compilation or execution time.
> Which one you choose depends entirely on your needs.
>
> Linux is the cutting-edge system; it's where all the
> experimentation gets done and things like Journal File Systems and
> kernel-level server hacks get developed. It's also very
> high-performance and often seems optimized for desktop applications.
> While it's far more stable than any Windows, it's still one that has
> more "beta" software in it than others.
>
> FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD are all variant distributions of
> the BSD core kernel. Their differences lie in their philosophies:
> FreeBSD was meant to be the best-performing x86 kernel; OpenBSD is the
> most secure, with a line-by-line security review conducted on every
> release; NetBSD has been ported to the widest array of architectures,
> even moreso than Linux.
>
> All of these are Monolithic; that is, one core program, the
> kernel, does everything: running programs, managing the filesystems,
> communicating with network peripherals, controlling access to the
> printer, and so on. Mach kernels (such as the GNU Hurd project) are
> different; one tiny kernel does nothing but run the programs; other
> programs do all of the other things, and the core kernel grants
> permissions to these other programs. The trade off is that there's
> less performance, but much greater adaptability.
>
> >Is Linux Unix? What's the difference between Linux and Unix?
>
> Unix is a trademark, currently owned, I beleive, by a consortium
> called "The Open Group." To have any distribution of Linux branded with
> the Unix trademark would require that some distributor pay tens of
> thousands of dollars and pass some tests stating that the core
> operational abilities of Linux fall within the parameters of the Unix98
> Standard.
>
> All of the currently running "Unix" systems, like Solaris, BSD,
> HP/UX, Ultrix, and so on, pass this test and have paid their money.
> Nobody on the Linux side has done so yet that I know of, but the Linux
> interface and associated tools are so close as to make no difference.
>
> Confusing this issue further is something called Posix, which is
> yet another standard, the standard for communicating with the kernel via
> library calls. There are two common Posix standards that people worry
> about: Posix One and Posix Four. Almost all Unixes are Posix One
> compliant; very few are Posix Four.
>
> >Can software written for Linux run on BSD systems?
>
> Few people write software "for Linux." Linux 2.4.0 has some
> serious performance hacks, like the asynchronus I/O system (even better
> than that outlined in Posix Four) and kernel-level file serving through
> HTTP, but those are on top of its Unix-compatible interface. If you
> write "to Unix," as most programs are, then anything you write on your
> Linux box will run on BSD, Solaris, HP-UX, and so on.
>
> Some things are special. 3D graphics, for example, requires a
> familiarity with 3D chipsets and the knowledge that a certain 3D library
> will be available only on some systems. If you want to use GTK and
> Gnome, realize that these are available only on some systems because
> they're so large and complex that assuring their portability is
> sometimes the real problem.
>
> Ever run "./configure" for building a program? Although Unixes
> are "close," they are rarely "exact," and "configure" is the horrible
> compromise we programmers have agreed on as a way to find all the
> differences between Unixes and make the subtle changes needed to make
> our programs build on a multitude of OSes. "./configure" is the way we
> detect if your unix uses flock() or fcntl() to guard files, if your
> stdio.h file is broken, and so on, and if we've ported our program to
> your unix, we can compensate for these minor differences.
>
> Elf
>
> --
> Elf M. Sternberg, Immanentizing the Eschaton since 1988
> http://www.halcyon.com/elf/
>
> "You know how some people treat their body like a temple?
> I treat mine like issa amusement park!" - Kei
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