This whole thing about hard links got me curious and I did some Googling. 
Here’s an excerpt from an old article on Ars Technica 
<https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/07/mac-os-x-10-7/12/> that states pretty 
clearly what I think.

> One particularly scary example is the implementation of hard links 
> <http://arstechnica.com/apple/2007/10/mac-os-x-10-5/14/#symlinks-and-hard-links>
>  on HFS+. To keep track of hard links, HFS+ creates a separate file for each 
> hard link inside a hidden directory at the root level of the volume. Hidden 
> directories are kind of creepy to begin with, but the real scare comes when 
> you remember that Time Machine 
> <http://arstechnica.com/apple/2007/10/mac-os-x-10-5/14/> is implemented using 
> hard links to avoid unnecessary data duplication.
> 
> Listing the contents of this hidden directory (named "HFS+ Private Data", but 
> with a bunch of non-printing characters preceding the "H") on my Time Machine 
> backup volume reveals that it contains 573,127 files. B-trees 
> <http://developer.apple.com/legacy/mac/library/technotes/tn/tn1150.html#BTrees>
>  or no b-trees, over half a million files in a single directory makes me 
> nervous.
> 
> That feeling is compounded by the most glaring omission in HFS+—and, to be 
> fair, many other file systems as well. HFS+ does not concern itself with data 
> integrity. The underlying hardware is trusted implicitly. If a few bits or 
> bytes get flipped one way or the other by the hardware, HFS+ won't notice. 
> This applies to both metadata and the file data itself.
> 
> Data corruption in file system metadata structures can render a directory or 
> an entire disk unreadable. (For a double-whammy, think about corruption that 
> affects the "HFS+ Private Data" directory where every single hard link file 
> on a Time Machine volume is stored.) Corruption in file data is arguably 
> worse because it's much more likely to go undetected. Over time, it can 
> propagate into all your backups. When it's finally discovered, perhaps years 
> later when looking at old baby pictures, it's too late to do anything about 
> it.
> 


---
Lee Larson
[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>

‌‌
‌… we are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. — ‌Oscar 
Wilde,
‌Lady Windermere’s Fan‌

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