Biodiesel is lipid (fatty acid esters of glycerol) that have had the
glycerol removed and a methyl or ethyl group added to the fatty acid.
The glycerol and lye used to cause this to happen are removed, along
with the associated water.
You can use straight veggie oil, but it has to be heated to move
properly, and you must start up and shut down with pure diesel (or the
engine becomes exceedingly hard to start).
Biodiesel is the answer to soot, as it contains oxygen and burns much
cleaner than diesel, with less aromatic content in the soot, which is
the whole problem with diesel soot.
Peter