In a message dated 8/12/2003 2:51:17 PM Central Daylight Time, 
[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:

> This list (hopefully) is not just a venting place for white people.
>  Without a true discussion of racism and power dynamics in this city
>  this thread should be done...

The 1994 edition of the Merriam Webster Dictionary defines racism as "a 
belief that some races are by nature superior to others; also: discrimination based 
on such belief."
Slavery and government-sponsored racial segregation were justified on the 
grounds that people of African descent are by nature inferior to people of 
European descent, and most of the people who got rich by superexploiting people of 
African descent happened to be people of European descent. 

In my opinion, racism (the belief system) is consciously promoted in order to 
justify race-based discrimination and "colorblind" discrimination that 
generally gives whites privileged access to education, housing, jobs, and services.  
And the K-12 education system is the primary vehicle through which racism 
(the belief system) is perpetuated. 

And, in my opinion, the net effect of reforms implemented by the Minneapolis 
School Board since the late 1980s has been to widen the education achievement 
gap and created a climate in the schools which generate negative stereotypes 
of African-Americans, Indians, and other students of color.

Back in 1997 I testified in favor of a proposed Diversity Rule, a mandate 
from the state which would have required school districts to collect and break 
down data on test scores and other measurable education related outcomes (e.g., 
graduation rates, suspension rates, etc.) by race, income, gender, native 
language, disability and so forth.  The adoption of this rule would have forced 
the Minneapolis Public Schools to produce a report card that shows whether it is 
making progress toward 'closing the gap.'  

Minneapolis Public Schools Superintendent Carol Johnson testified against the 
proposed Diversity Rule, arguing that it was a lot of unnecessary red tape, 
and that the money require to implement such a mandate could be better spent on 
other things. However, the Minneapolis School District has since come up with 
a much more complicated accountability system that doesn't tell you whether 
the district is making progress toward 'closing the gap,' and has no value as a 
tool to measure the effectiveness of programs and staff in relation to the 
goal of 'closing the gap.'

Self-identified white supremacists, such as the Governors of many states in 
the Deep South during the 1960s argued that there was no point in trying to 
"close the gap" because on average Blacks were inherently less intelligent than 
whites due to a higher concentration of stupid genes and/or a culture of 
poverty that has a stupefying effect and is more deeply embedded in the culture of 
blacks than in the culture of whites.  The very same line of argument was 
generally used by opponents of the diversity rule, including members of the 
Minneapolis School Board, and by most letter-to-the-editor writers who missives on 
this subject were published by the Star-Tribune.

A 1966 report entitled "Equality of Educational Opportunity," also know as 
the Coleman Report, advanced a "culture of poverty" hypothesis that was 
subsequently employed as a key argument in the Court room by school districts that did 
not want to desegregate their students. Based on an analysis of available 
data about the schools and student populations, sociologist James Coleman and 
others found that 

"Schools bring little influence to bear on a child's achievement that is 
independent of his background and general social context; and that this very lack 
of an independent effect means that inequalities imposed on children by their 
home, neighborhood, and peer environment are carried along to become the 
inequalities with which they confront adult life at the end of school."

In other words, the goal of "closing the gap" is unrealistic, so why bother? 

I think there is a great deal of evidence to show that it is possible to make 
a great deal of progress toward "closing the gap" despite the effects of 
inequalities imposed on children by their home, neighborhood, and peer 
environment. There is evidence that average differences between blacks and whites in 
test 
scores, graduation rates, and other education-related outcomes decreased to a 
considerable degree during the 1970s and mid-to-late 1980s.  And a review of 
data by the Education Trust (Dispelling the Myth Revisited) revealed the 
existence of high-performing, high-poverty, high minority, public schools that 
doesn't square with the idea that schools with a high concentration of poor and 
minority students inevitably get poor results due to the stupefying effects of a 
culture of poverty and race-based discrimination. -- see evidence that school 
policies matter http://educationright.tripod.com/id173.htm 

There has been a huge increase in the educational achievement gap since the 
mid-to-late 1980s. And there was also a big shift in K-12 educational policy 
signaled by the release of a report entitled A Nation at Risk (on April 26, 
1983), which warned of a "rising tide of mediocrity" produced by liberal 
educational policies of the 1970s. Just a coincidence?

The experience of the 1970s and early 1980s demonstrated that it was possible 
to made a lot of progress toward closing the gap, so it was necessary for 
those who opposed those awful "liberal policies" of the 1970s to shift their 
ground.   

Those liberal policies of the 1970s presumably eliminated part of the 
academic achievement gap at the expense of the 'best and the brightest.' That was the 
supposition made in "A Nation at Risk." No other conclusion was possible 
without abandoning the idea that the intellectual abilities of people of African 
descent are by nature inferior to those of white people of European descent. 

The Minneapolis School District, like big city school districts across the 
country have implemented a reform agenda promoted by the federal department of 
education since the early 1980s, and eventually by all of the state departments 
of education and the leadership of both major parties.  The net effect of 
these reforms has been to widen the academic achievement gap, and in no other 
major city has the gap increased so much as it has in Minneapolis.

I think that a lot of people in Minneapolis, perhaps a sizable majority, want 
the schools to have an accountability system that is aligned with the goal of 
closing the gap and want school reforms that will close the gap. That's why 
the superintendent and school board members say that improving student 
achievement and closing the gap are their top priorities, but... 
  
-Doug Mann, King Field
School Board Candidate in 1999, 2001 and 2002.
TEMPORARY REMINDER:
1. Don't feed the troll! Ignore obvious flame-bait.
2. If you don't like what's being discussed here, don't complain - change the subject 
(Mpls-specific, of course.)

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