jamesfredley commented on code in PR #16771:
URL: https://github.com/apache/grails-core/pull/16771#discussion_r4420902786


##########
grails-bootstrap/src/main/groovy/org/grails/config/NavigableMap.groovy:
##########
@@ -171,6 +177,265 @@ class NavigableMap implements Map<String, Object>, 
Cloneable {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Holds the list or map that an indexed key with a property after the 
index, such as {@code a.rows[0].name}, writes
+     * in the nested map that owns it, so that {@code navigate('a', 'rows')} 
and {@code config.a.rows} read it. The list
+     * the owner already holds is the one held, as written element by element 
from application.yml or by a profile's
+     * list over it; only when it holds none is it built from the list under 
the flat key. An element that is a map is
+     * held as a nested map, which the owner also holds under the indexed 
name, {@code rows[0]}, and which holds the
+     * element as application.yml gives it. Only the element just written is 
updated, so each indexed key costs the same
+     * however long the list is. The flat keys are left as they are, so the 
environment presents the same names and
+     * values as before.
+     */
+    private void holdIndexedContainer(NavigableMap targetMap, String 
indexedKey) {
+        int subscriptStart = indexedKey.indexOf('[')
+        int subscriptEnd = subscriptStart > -1 ? indexedKey.indexOf(']', 
subscriptStart) : -1
+        if (subscriptEnd < 0 || indexedKey.indexOf('.', subscriptEnd) < 0) {
+            return
+        }
+        String containerKey = indexedKey.substring(0, subscriptStart)
+        int lastDot = containerKey.lastIndexOf('.')
+        if (lastDot < 0 && targetMap.getPath().isEmpty()) {
+            // the root holds the container under its own key, as the 
subscript wrote it, as 7.0.x always did
+            return
+        }
+        // a map below the root, such as an element of a list, owns a 
container it holds itself, cols of rows[0].cols[0]
+        NavigableMap owner = lastDot < 0 ? targetMap : 
targetMap.navigateSubMap(containerKey.substring(0, lastDot).tokenize('.'), 
false)
+        if (owner == null) {
+            return
+        }
+        String name = containerKey.substring(lastDot + 1)
+        String written = indexedKey.substring(subscriptStart + 1, subscriptEnd)
+        String writtenField = indexedKey.substring(subscriptEnd + 2)
+        Object container = targetMap.get(containerKey)
+        Object current = owner.get(name)
+        if (container instanceof List) {
+            if (!written.isInteger()) {
+                return
+            }
+            HeldList held
+            if (current instanceof HeldList) {
+                held = (HeldList) current
+            } else {
+                boolean fromFlatKey = !(current instanceof List)
+                List source = fromFlatKey ? (List) container : (List) current
+                held = new HeldList()
+                for (int i = 0; i < source.size(); i++) {
+                    String index = String.valueOf(i)
+                    Object element = fromFlatKey ? nestedOrElement(owner, 
"${name}[${index}]".toString(), source.get(i)) : source.get(i)
+                    held.add(index == written ? element : 
heldElement(targetMap, owner, containerKey, name, index, element, null))
+                }
+            }
+            int index = written.toInteger()
+            Object element = index < held.size() ? held.get(index) : null
+            if (element == null && index < ((List) container).size()) {
+                element = ((List) container).get(index)
+            }
+            fill(held, index, null)
+            held.set(index, heldElement(targetMap, owner, containerKey, name, 
written, element, writtenField))
+            owner.put(name, held)
+        } else if (container instanceof Map) {
+            NavigableMap held
+            if (current instanceof NavigableMap) {
+                held = (NavigableMap) current
+            } else {
+                boolean fromFlatKey = !(current instanceof Map)
+                Map source = fromFlatKey ? (Map) container : (Map) current
+                held = new NavigableMap(owner.getRootConfig(), 
(owner.getPath() + [name]).asImmutable())
+                for (Map.Entry entry in ((Map) source).entrySet()) {
+                    String key = String.valueOf(entry.key)
+                    Object element = fromFlatKey ? nestedOrElement(owner, 
"${name}[${key}]".toString(), entry.value) : entry.value
+                    held.put(key, key == written ? element : 
heldElement(targetMap, owner, containerKey, name, key, element, null))
+                }
+            }
+            Object element = held.containsKey(written) ? held.get(written) : 
((Map) container).get(written)
+            held.put(written, heldElement(targetMap, owner, containerKey, 
name, written, element, writtenField))
+            owner.put(name, held)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The element to hold, which the owner also holds under its indexed name, 
{@code rows[0]}. An element that is a
+     * nested map is kept, and so is the nested map the owner holds for the 
element just written when it is that same
+     * map, since the merge has written the field into it. An element that is 
a value that is not a map, or none, is
+     * replaced by the map the indexed key wrote, as {@code rows[1].name} 
replaces {@code 'two'}, rebuilt from the
+     * element under the flat key, so that a field written before the list was 
replaced or cleared does not come back;
+     * a map the owner holds under the indexed name of any other element that 
is not a map is removed. Otherwise an
+     * element that is a map is held as a nested map
+     * built from it, so that it holds every field the element holds, such as 
{@code db.url} beside the {@code db.port}
+     * just written below it, and none of an element the list held before it 
was replaced. The field just written then
+     * takes the value the owner's nested map holds for it, which the merge 
stored through
+     * {@link #mergeMapEntry(NavigableMap, String, Object)}, so a placeholder 
in it is resolved as in every other entry,
+     * and the keys of the map the indexed key was merged into that held the 
element, or a map inside it, such as
+     * {@code a.rows[0]} and {@code a.rows[0].db}, then hold the rebuilt 
element and its maps.
+     */
+    private static Object heldElement(NavigableMap targetMap, NavigableMap 
owner, String containerKey, String name, String index,
+                                      Object element, String writtenField) {
+        String indexedName = "${name}[${index}]".toString()
+        Object nested = owner.get(indexedName)
+        Object written = writtenField != null ? nested : null
+        if (written instanceof NavigableMap && element != null && 
element.is(written)) {
+            Object stored = valueAt(written, writtenField)

Review Comment:
   Merge `a.mappings[/api/v1.0/**].maxAge` as `10`, then again as `20`. 
`navigate('a', 'mappings')['/api/v1.0/**'].maxAge` stays `10`, while 
`get('a.mappings')['/api/v1.0/**'].maxAge` is `20`. The fallback refreshes a 
held field only when that field is null, so the first value wins. The same 
split shows up as `grails.cors.mappings[/api/v1.0/**].allowCredentials`. 
Refresh the held field from the write that just happened.



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