Ben, Edwina, List,
I think, you both are right: Edwina, your analysis is correct, and Ben, what you have said about the mentality of just taking orders, too. Already Martin Luther had said: "Be underlings of authority"- in a theological context ok, but the statement as a sign is a general one. Also, the Germans had not had the experience of having successfully fought for liberty (such as the French and the Americans with their revolutions). This is a strong sign too: "we are different". All these representamens had worked together in a synergy. So these causes have not competed with each other. The competition lies in the question, at which cause of fascism to put the lever at first, to help people liberate themselves from a fascism-like sytem. On the other hand: Representamens do not synergically work together in one Sign, but each one in one Sign, and the Signs follow each other up. So it cannot be excluded, that there might be a first cause of fascism, and your discussion is important. I guess, that a thorough analysis of the semiotics of fascism is required.
Best,
Helmut

"Benjamin Udell" <[email protected]> wrote:
 

Having grown up in the 1960s on Manhattan's West Side, when WWII wasn't so long ago and a German accent was immediately associated to movies and TV series about Nazis, I admit that I may be unduly predisposed to regard certain strains of militarism, morality by government fiat, and 'just taking orders' as problematic aspects of the early-20th-Century German culture. Also I read _Roots of the Nazi Mentality_ when I was an impressionable kid.

But I don't think that power affairs (military+politics) and economics are everything against culture (glamour!) and society (status!) as some sort of zero. You've a case to make there, Edwina, if you wish to convince people. The problematic character of early-20th-Century German attitudes - militarism, morality by government fiat, 'just taking orders' - have not gone unnoticed by anybody around Germany. The reunification of Germany in the 1990s involved US guarantees of maintaining military bases in Germany, guarantees sought by the French and other governments.

Best, Ben

On 7/10/2015 3:16 PM, Edwina Taborsky wrote:

No, Helmut, I don't think that the German people 'had more barbaric instincts than other people'. We are all similar in our capacity for emotional irrationality and violence. When a societal system of law and order breaks down for various reasons, i.e., is not providing security, is not functioning in a just and fair manner, is corrupt, , is subverted by a higher authority - then, the 'cooling off' phase of rational examination of the situation is rejected - and we get either a mob, or a 'controlled mob, i.e., a band of thugs'.

Democracy is not, in itself, a barrier against barbarism. As Tolstoy said, 'Wrong does not cease to be wrong because the majority shares in it'.  Democracy, to be just, requires a constitution and the rule of law, set up as created by men, and capable of change by men, but applicable to all.

Edwina

----- Original Message -----
From: Helmut Raulien
To: Ozzie
Cc: Edwina Taborsky ; <[email protected]> ; Peirce List
Sent: Friday, July 10, 2015 2:51 PM
Subject: Aw: Re: [PEIRCE-L] Recently published: Hitler and Abductive Logic

I agree, that his "abduction-type message is" only "a big part of that success". Tenacity, authority and apriori also are. I wrote, that a false abduction to laypersons of logic can look like a proper conclusion. But not all Germans were too much laypersons to see the lies (eg. Heidegger). Nevertheless they followed him. Putting the emphasis on Hitlers intelligent ways of manipulation should not assign him a bigger part of the guilt, and lessen the guilt of the Germans. They had more barbaric instincts than the other peoples, and were no democrats. Other in than other nations, there has not been a democratic constitution initiated by the people.
Best,
Helmut

 Ozzie <[email protected]>

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