Philip Johnson-Laird, a psycholinguist, has written books and articles
about mental models and their relationship to language and reasoning.
In 2002, he wrote the following article about Peirce's existential
graphs as a promising direction for psychology and neuroscience:
Johnson-Laird, Philip N. (2002) Peirce, logic diagrams, and the
elementary operations of reasoning, Thinking and Reasoning 8:2, 69-95.
http://mentalmodels.princeton.edu/papers/2002peirce.pdf
Immediately after the abstract of that paper, he quotes CP 1.66:
Deduction is that mode of reasoning which examines the state of things
asserted in the premisses, forms a diagram of that state of things,
perceives in the parts of the diagram relations not explicitly mentioned
in the premisses, satisfies itself by mental experiments upon the
diagram that these relations would always subsist, or at least would
do so in a certain proportion of cases, and concludes their necessary,
or probable, truth.
In 2008, he published a book _How We Reason_, which has 24 references
to Peirce. See below for the table of contents and some excerpts
from a review of the book.
John
_______________________________________________________________________
Johnson-Laird, Philip N. (2008) How We Reason, Oxford University Press.
Chapter 1 Introduction
Part I The World in Our Conscious Minds
Chapter 2 Icons and Images
Chapter 3 Models of Possibilities: From Conjuring Tricks to Disasters
Part II The World in Our Unconscious Minds
Chapter 4 Mental Architecture and the Unconscious
Chapter 5 Intuitions and Unconscious Reasoning
Chapter 6 Emotions as Inferences
Chapter 7 Reasoning in Psychological Illnesses
Part III How We Make Deductions
Chapter 8 Only Connections
Chapter 9 I'm my own Grandpa: Reasoning About Identities and Other Relations
Chapter 10 Syllogisms and Reasoning about Properties
Chapter 11 Isn't Everyone an Optimist? The Case of Complex Reasoning
Part IV How We Make Inductions
Chapter 12 Modulation: A Step Towards Induction
Chapter 13 Knowledge and Inductions
Chapter 14 Sherlock Holmes's Method: Abduction
Chapter 15 The Balance of Probabilities
Part V What Makes us Rational
Chapter 16 Counterexamples
Chapter 17 Truth, Lies, and the Higher Reasoning
Part VI How We Develop Our Ability to Reason
Chapter 18 On Development
Chapter 19 Strategies and Cultures
Chapter 20 How We can Improve our Reasoning
Part VII Knowledge, Beliefs, and Problems
Chapter 21 The Puzzles of If
Chapter 22 Causes and Obligations
Chapter 23 Beliefs, Heresies, and Changes in Mind
Chapter 24 How we Solve Problems
Part VIII Expert Reasoning in Technology, Logic, and Science
Chapter 25 Flying Bicycles: How the Wright Brothers Invented the Airplane
Chapter 26 Unwrapping an Enigma
Chapter 27 On the Mode of the Communication of Cholera
Chapter 28 How we Reason
From:
http://metapsychology.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=book&id=5454&cn=396
Philip Johnson-Laird's How We Reason is a major contribution to the
contemporary debate on the nature of reasoning. The author, who is
widely known for his pioneering work in the experimental psychology of
reasoning, in this book presents the theoretical framework of a
life-long research project, which he labels a "model theory of mind"...
when we reason we represent the set of possible state of affairs of how
the world could be. We do so by abstracting from the details of concrete
pictures to form iconic representations, i.e. mental models whose
architecture contains the common features of the different possible ways
things can be arranged and combined. Johnson-Laird suggests us to think
of these mental models as those an architect has in mind when he
imagines the design of a future building...
Notwithstanding the efforts of constructing a logic of thought on the
basis of purely formal notation, the diagrammatic representation enables
us to represent the possible combinations at hand, and to clarify cases
of vagueness. Logical notation comes later, when we express those models
as propositions...
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