* From: Jim Devine I didn't really answer Charles' question. Yes, capitalism started in both the English countryside and in the colonies. But the full-blown capitalist engine (that now is taking over the whole world in a different way than was involved in slavery and colonialism) started in the English countryside. That "engine" is the metaphor used to describe the process of expanded reproduction described in CAPITAL.
^^^^^ CB; To me, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the U.S. troops in more than 100 countries, and the giant U.S. military-imperialist apparatus indicate the continuing existence of colonialism in the capitalist engine today The racism of the colonialism, and other specially oppressed labor forms are continuing or derivatives of slavery. Capitalism has not been able to exist at anytime in its history without military imperialism , colonialism and specially oppressed labor forms, along side wage-labor forms. It has never been able to really pare down to wage-labor (doubly "free" labor) only. It always develops new forms of specially oppressed labor which impinge on one of the "frees" in the doubly "free" labor concept. It has never really given up some form of turbocharger or extra engine. It always has both a free-labor engine and an oppressed labor engine. I conclude from this empirical, historical fact that : Capitalism _is_ wage-labor _and_ specially oppressed labor, not the pure wage-labor form Brenner essays so well. I think Patrick Bond , Harvey and others give Luxemburg credit for a permanent primitive accumulation ( accumulation by dispossession) thesis that may be similar to this.
