cloud-fan commented on code in PR #45383:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/45383#discussion_r1544588809


##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/CollationTypeCasts.scala:
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@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable
+
+import scala.annotation.tailrec
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{BinaryExpression, Cast, 
Collate, ComplexTypeMergingExpression, CreateArray, ExpectsInputTypes, 
Expression, Predicate, SortOrder}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.errors.QueryCompilationErrors
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{AbstractDataType, ArrayType, DataType, 
StringType}
+
+object CollationTypeCasts extends TypeCoercionRule {
+  override val transform: PartialFunction[Expression, Expression] = {
+    case e if !e.childrenResolved => e
+    case sc @ (_: BinaryExpression

Review Comment:
   This looks like a clean solution for string collation implicit cast, but 
actually it is not. The current design of the Spark implicit cast system is: we 
define some core functions like `findTightestCommonType`, 
`findWiderTypeForTwo`, etc., and there are a bunch of rules to find the target 
expressions to apply implicit cast using these core functions.
   
   The string collation implicit cast should be part of the core functions, 
instead of a new rule. Otherwise this new rule is a bit inconsistent with the 
current system and we need to replicate the matching of expressions that need 
implicit cast.
   
   Since the core functions only take `DataType`, not `Expression`, I suggest 
we add a new boolean flag to `StringType` to indicate it's explicit or not.



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