cloud-fan commented on code in PR #45383:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/45383#discussion_r1546285091


##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/CollationTypeCasts.scala:
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@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable
+
+import scala.annotation.tailrec
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.TypeCoercion.hasStringType
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{BinaryExpression, Cast, 
ComplexTypeMergingExpression, CreateArray, ExpectsInputTypes, Expression, 
Predicate, SortOrder}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.errors.QueryCompilationErrors
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{AbstractDataType, ArrayType, DataType, 
StringType}
+
+object CollationTypeCasts extends TypeCoercionRule {
+  override val transform: PartialFunction[Expression, Expression] = {
+    case e if !e.childrenResolved => e
+    case sc @ (_: BinaryExpression
+              | _: Predicate
+              | _: SortOrder
+              | _: ExpectsInputTypes
+              | _: ComplexTypeMergingExpression) =>
+      val newChildren = collateToSingleType(sc.children)
+      sc.withNewChildren(newChildren)
+    case pesc @ (_: CreateArray) =>
+      val newChildren = collateToSingleType(pesc.children, true)
+      pesc.withNewChildren(newChildren)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Extracts StringTypes from filtered hasStringType
+   */
+  @tailrec
+  private def extractStringType(dt: DataType): StringType = dt match {
+    case st: StringType => st
+    case ArrayType(et, _) => extractStringType(et)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Casts given expression to collated StringType with id equal to 
collationId only
+   * if expression has StringType in the first place.
+   * @param expr
+   * @param collationId
+   * @return
+   */
+  def castStringType(expr: Expression, st: StringType): Option[Expression] =
+    castStringType(expr.dataType, st).map { dt => Cast(expr, dt)}
+
+  private def castStringType(inType: AbstractDataType, st: StringType): 
Option[DataType] = {
+    @Nullable val ret: DataType = inType match {
+      case ost: StringType if ost.collationId == st.collationId
+        && ost.isExplicit == st.isExplicit => null
+      case _: StringType => st
+      case ArrayType(arrType, nullable) =>
+        castStringType(arrType, st).map(ArrayType(_, nullable)).orNull
+      case _ => null
+    }
+    Option(ret)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Collates input expressions to a single collation.
+   */
+  def collateToSingleType(exprs: Seq[Expression],
+                          preserveExplicit: Boolean = false): Seq[Expression] 
= {

Review Comment:
   nit 4 spaces indentation
   ```
   def func
       para1: xxx,
       para2: xxx,
       ...) ...
   ```



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