mkaravel commented on code in PR #46511:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/46511#discussion_r1603739103


##########
common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationAwareUTF8String.java:
##########
@@ -34,6 +34,143 @@
  * Utility class for collation-aware UTF8String operations.
  */
 public class CollationAwareUTF8String {
+
+  /**
+   * The constant value to indicate that the match is not found
+   * when searching for a pattern string in a target string.
+   */
+  private static final int MATCH_NOT_FOUND = -1;
+
+  /**
+   * Returns whether the target string starts with the specified prefix,
+   * with respect to the UTF8_BINARY_LCASE collation. The method assumes
+   * that the prefix is already lowercased prior to method call to avoid the
+   * overhead of calling .toLowerCase() multiple times on the same prefix 
string.
+   *
+   * @param target the string to be searched in
+   * @param lowercasePattern the string to be searched for
+   * @param startPos the start position for searching (in the target string)
+   * @return whether the target string starts with the specified prefix in 
UTF8_BINARY_LCASE
+   */
+  public static boolean lowercaseMatchFrom(
+      final UTF8String target,
+      final UTF8String lowercasePattern,
+      int startPos) {
+    return lowercaseMatchLengthFrom(target, lowercasePattern, startPos) != 
MATCH_NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the length of the substring of the target string that starts with
+   * the specified prefix, with respect to the UTF8_BINARY_LCASE collation.
+   * The method assumes that the prefix is already lowercased. The method only
+   * considers the part of target string that starts from the specified 
position.
+   *
+   * @param target the string to be searched in
+   * @param lowercasePattern the string to be searched for
+   * @param startPos the end position for searching (in the target string)
+   * @return length of the target substring that ends with the specified 
suffix in lowercase
+   */
+  public static int lowercaseMatchLengthFrom(
+      final UTF8String target,
+      final UTF8String lowercasePattern,
+      int startPos) {
+    assert startPos >= 0;
+    for (int len = 0; len <= target.numChars() - startPos; ++len) {
+      if (target.substring(startPos, startPos + 
len).toLowerCase().equals(lowercasePattern)) {

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
         if (target.substring(startPos, startPos + len, 
/*IsEphemeral=*/true).toLowerCase().equals(lowercasePattern)) {
   ```
   There is no need to make a copy here.



##########
common/unsafe/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/CollationAwareUTF8String.java:
##########
@@ -34,6 +34,143 @@
  * Utility class for collation-aware UTF8String operations.
  */
 public class CollationAwareUTF8String {
+
+  /**
+   * The constant value to indicate that the match is not found
+   * when searching for a pattern string in a target string.
+   */
+  private static final int MATCH_NOT_FOUND = -1;
+
+  /**
+   * Returns whether the target string starts with the specified prefix,
+   * with respect to the UTF8_BINARY_LCASE collation. The method assumes
+   * that the prefix is already lowercased prior to method call to avoid the
+   * overhead of calling .toLowerCase() multiple times on the same prefix 
string.
+   *
+   * @param target the string to be searched in
+   * @param lowercasePattern the string to be searched for
+   * @param startPos the start position for searching (in the target string)
+   * @return whether the target string starts with the specified prefix in 
UTF8_BINARY_LCASE
+   */
+  public static boolean lowercaseMatchFrom(
+      final UTF8String target,
+      final UTF8String lowercasePattern,
+      int startPos) {
+    return lowercaseMatchLengthFrom(target, lowercasePattern, startPos) != 
MATCH_NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the length of the substring of the target string that starts with
+   * the specified prefix, with respect to the UTF8_BINARY_LCASE collation.
+   * The method assumes that the prefix is already lowercased. The method only
+   * considers the part of target string that starts from the specified 
position.
+   *
+   * @param target the string to be searched in
+   * @param lowercasePattern the string to be searched for
+   * @param startPos the end position for searching (in the target string)
+   * @return length of the target substring that ends with the specified 
suffix in lowercase
+   */
+  public static int lowercaseMatchLengthFrom(
+      final UTF8String target,
+      final UTF8String lowercasePattern,
+      int startPos) {
+    assert startPos >= 0;
+    for (int len = 0; len <= target.numChars() - startPos; ++len) {
+      if (target.substring(startPos, startPos + 
len).toLowerCase().equals(lowercasePattern)) {
+        return len;
+      }
+    }
+    return MATCH_NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the position of the first occurrence of the pattern string
+   * in the target string from the specified position (0-based index),
+   * with respect to the UTF8_BINARY_LCASE collation. The method assumes
+   * that the pattern string is already lowercased prior to method call.
+   *
+   * @param target the string to be searched in
+   * @param lowercasePattern the string to be searched for
+   * @param startPos the start position for searching (in the target string)
+   * @return the position of the first occurrence of pattern in target, if not 
found, -1 returned.
+   */
+  public static int lowercaseFind(
+      final UTF8String target,
+      final UTF8String lowercasePattern,
+      int startPos) {
+    for (int i = startPos; i <= target.numChars(); ++i) {
+      if (lowercaseMatchFrom(target, lowercasePattern, i)) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+    return MATCH_NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns whether the target string ends with the specified suffix,
+   * with respect to the UTF8_BINARY_LCASE collation. The method assumes
+   * that the suffix is already lowercased prior to method call to avoid the
+   * overhead of calling .toLowerCase() multiple times on the same suffix 
string.
+   *
+   * @param target the string to be searched in
+   * @param lowercasePattern the string to be searched for
+   * @param endPos the end position for searching (in the target string)
+   * @return whether the target string ends with the specified suffix in 
lowercase
+   */
+  public static boolean lowercaseMatchUntil(
+      final UTF8String target,
+      final UTF8String lowercasePattern,
+      int endPos) {
+    return lowercaseMatchLengthUntil(target, lowercasePattern, endPos) != 
MATCH_NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the length of the substring of the target string that ends with
+   * the specified suffix, with respect to the UTF8_BINARY_LCASE collation.
+   * The method assumes that the suffix is already lowercased. The method only
+   * considers the part of target string that ends at the specified position.
+   *
+   * @param target the string to be searched in
+   * @param lowercasePattern the string to be searched for
+   * @param endPos the end position for searching (in the target string)
+   * @return length of the target substring that ends with the specified 
suffix in lowercase
+   */
+  public static int lowercaseMatchLengthUntil(
+      final UTF8String target,
+      final UTF8String lowercasePattern,
+      int endPos) {
+    assert endPos <= target.numChars();
+    for (int len = 0; len <= endPos; ++len) {
+      if (target.substring(endPos - len, 
endPos).toLowerCase().equals(lowercasePattern)) {

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
         if (target.substring(endPos - len, endPos, 
/*isEphemeral=*/true).toLowerCase().equals(lowercasePattern)) {
   ```
   There is no need to make a copy.



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