RE: Debian 12 System Requirement

[CHENG YING KIT KEITH]

Dear Andersson,

Thanks for your reply.

It is because our Vendor highly recommends us to purchase a new server to 
install Debian 12. Therefore, I seek your expert opinion.


Best Regards,
Keith Cheng | Officer (IT)/HQIP
Tel: 3907 6721 | Fax: 3165 1106

From: Anders Andersson 
Sent: Wednesday, January 24, 2024 11:05 PM
To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
Cc: Jessica Chan ; CHAN OI YI ; 
CHENG YING KIT KEITH 
Subject: Re: Debian 12 System Requirement

CAUTION: External email. Do not click links or open attachments unless you 
recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

On Tue, Jan 23, 2024 at 10:27 AM CHENG YING KIT KEITH 
mailto:keithch...@vtc.edu.hk>> wrote:
Dear Colleagues,

Can I install Debian 11 or 12 with “Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v3 @ 2.30GHz” 
CPU?
Do they both support the following application
Nginx 1.22.1
PHP 8.2.7
Mariadb 10.11.4

On the other hand, may I know the minimum requirement of Debian 11 and 12?


For what it's worth, my main workhorse is an even older Xeon, E3-1270 about 3 
years older than yours. I installed debian 12 without even questioning if it 
worked, because of course it would, and it works extremely well! The OS is 
snappy with the default Gnome on Wayland on my 3840x1600 monitor, and that's 
with a pretty slow mid-range GPU from 2016.

You should definitely not be afraid of running debian on this machine! RAM and 
storage I/O will be your main limits.

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Felix Miata]

Nicolas George composed on 2024-01-24 20:50 (UTC+0100):

> Felix Miata composed:

>> Technically, quite true. However, OS and user data are very different. User 
>> data
>> recreation and/or restoration can be as painful as impossible, justifying 
>> RAID. OS
>> can be reinstalled rather easily in a nominal amount of time. A 120G SSD can 
>> hold
>> multiple OS installations quite easily. A spare 120G SSD costs less than a 
>> petrol
>> fillup. I stopped putting OS on RAID when I got my first SSD. My current 
>> primary
>> PC has 5 18G OS installations, all bootable much more quickly than finding a
>> suitable USB stick to rescue boot from.

> Looks you are confusing RAID with backups. Yes, OS can be reinstalled,
> but that still makes “a nominal amount of time” during which your
> computer is not available.

> Your “spare” SSD would be more usefully used in a RAID array than
> corroding on your shelves.

1: My spare SSD is part of my KISS configuration and backup protocols. Several
minutes or even hours of downtime don't bother me. Its (actually, their) 
existence
enables (a) second PC virtual twin where upgrades and experiments are better
evaluated. I still have doubts about how much to trust SSD technology. Their
failure rate in less than 3 years since purchase here has been seriously
disappointing. 4 RMAs across 3 brands with a relative pittance of uptime each.

2: I only use MD RAID1 with a single rotating rust pair, currently 1T each. A
disposable 120M SSD wouldn't fit.

I like the concept of spares. :)
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata

Re: Resizing LVM partitions

[Greg Wooledge]

On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 10:43:51PM +0100, Miroslav Skoric wrote:
> I do not have root account.

Sure you do.  You might not have a root *password* set.

> (I use sudo from my user account.) I think I
> already tried rescue mode in the past but was not prompted for root
> password.

You can set a root password:

sudo passwd root

That should allow you to enter single-user mode, or to login directly
as root on a text console, both of which are things that you may need
to do as a system administrator.  Especially if you're trying to
unmount /home.

On the deprecation of separate /usr (Was: Re: Resizing LVM partitions)

[Andy Smith]

Hello,

On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 09:20:47AM +0700, Max Nikulin wrote:
> Notice that separate /usr is not supported by latest systemd that should be
> a part of the next Debian release.

I don't think this is the case. What I think is not supported is a
separate /usr that is not mounted by initramfs. On Debian, if you do
nothing special, any separate /usr will be mounted by initramfs. As
far as I'm aware it is only a concern for:

people who have a /usr mount point
&& (
(do not use an initramfs)
||
(have meddled with their initramfs to stop it from mounting
/usr)
)

What systemd has decided to no longer support is what they call
"split /usr":

https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2022-April/047673.html

They define that as "/usr that is not populated at boot time". i.e.
a /usr that would be mounted during boot from /etc/fstab or similar.
If /usr is mounted by the initramfs, that is before userland boot,
and systemd doesn't care about that. Debian does that where there is
a separate mount point for /usr.

Thanks,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

Re: Resizing LVM partitions

[Miroslav Skoric]

On 1/24/24 3:20 AM, Max Nikulin wrote:

On 24/01/2024 06:29, Miroslav Skoric wrote:
 # df -h 



/dev/mapper/localhost-root  6.2G  4.7G  1.2G  81% /


Taking into account size of kernel packages, I would allocate a few G 
more for the root partition.


dpkg -s linux-image-6.1.0-17-amd64 | grep -i size
Installed-Size: 398452

Notice that separate /usr is not supported by latest systemd that should 
be a part of the next Debian release.





Thank you. Will consider that.

Re: Resizing LVM partitions

[Miroslav Skoric]

On 1/24/24 12:42 AM, Greg Wooledge wrote:


You'll have to unmount it, which generally means you will have to reboot
in single-user mode, or from rescue media, whichever is easier.

If you aren't opposed to setting a root password (some people have *weird*
self-imposed restrictions, seriously), single-user mode (aka "rescue mode"
from the GRUB menu) is the standard way to do this.  Boot to the GRUB menu,
select rescue mode, give the root password when prompted, then you should
end up with a root shell prompt.  I don't recall whether /home will be
mounted at that point; if it is, unmount it.  Then you should be able
to do whatever resizing is needed.  When done, exit from the shell, and
the system should boot normally.




I do not have root account. (I use sudo from my user account.) I think I 
already tried rescue mode in the past but was not prompted for root 
password.

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Thomas Schmitt]

Hi,

Nicolas George wrote:
> Interesting. Indeed, “table-length: 4” causes sfdisk to only write 3
> sectors at the beginning and 2 at the end. I checked it really does not
> write elsewhere.
> That makes it possible to use full-disk RAID on a UEFI boot drive. Very
> good news.

\o/

(Nearly as good as Stefan Monnier's crystal ball. And that without
understanding the dirty details which cause the need for a small partition
table.)


> More and more firmwares will only boot with GPT. I think I met
> only once a firmware that booted UEFI, 32 bits, with a MBR

The Debian installation and live ISOs have MBR partitions with only a
flimsy echo of GPT. There is a GPT header block and an entries array.
But it does not get announced by a Protective MBR. Rather they have two
partitions of which one is meant to be invisible to EFI ("Empty") and
one is advertised as EFI partition:

$ /sbin/fdisk -l debian-12.2.0-amd64-netinst.iso
...
Disklabel type: dos
...
Device   Boot Start End Sectors  Size Id Type
debian-12.2.0-amd64-netinst.iso1 *0 1286143 1286144  628M  0 Empty
debian-12.2.0-amd64-netinst.iso2   4476   23451   18976  9.3M ef EFI (FAT-12

So any system which boots this ISO from USB stick does not rely on
the presence of a valid GPT.
(The only particular example of GPT addiction i know of are old versions
of OVMF, the EFI used by qemu, which wanted to see the GPT header block,
even without Protective MBR.)

This layout was invented by Matthew J. Garrett for Fedora and is still
the most bootable of all possible weird ways to present boot stuff for
legacy BIOS and EFI on USB stick in the same image. (There are mad legacy
BIOSes which hate EFI's demand for no MBR boot flag. Several distros
abandoned above layout in favor of plain MBR or plain GPT. The price
is that they have to leave behind some of the existing machines.)


> GPT
>  ├─EFI
>  └─RAID
> └─LVM (of course)
>
> Now, thanks to you, I know I can do:
>
> GPT
>  ┊  RAID
>  └───┤
>  ├─EFI
>  └─LVM

Ah. Now i understand how accidentially useful my technical nitpicking was.
(A consequence of me playing Dr. Pol with the arm in the ISO 9660 cow
up to my shoulder.)


Have a nice day :)

Thomas

Re: Is 12.4 safe, or should I wait for 12.5?

[Andrew M.A. Cater]

On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 11:52:04AM -0800, Charlie Gibbs wrote:
> I updated my main machine to Bookworm (12.2, kernel 6.1.0.13-amd64)
> some time ago and it's running well.  My laptop, and the media box in
> the living room, are still running Bullseye.  I was about to update
> them when I read the fuss about EXT4 file system corruption.  At first
> I got the impression that this happened in 12.4, but further digging
> suggests that the bug was in 12.3, fixed in 12.4.  Is this the case,
> or should I wait for 12.5 before updating my other machines?
> 
> Just looking for re-assurance before I take the plunge.
> 
> -- 
> /~\  Charlie Gibbs  |  "Some of you may die,
> \ /|  but it's a sacrifice
>  X   I'm really at ac.dekanfrus |  I'm willing to make."
> / \  if you read it the right way.  |-- Lord Farquaad (Shrek)
>

Depends if you want to wait for three weeks. If you install with 12.4 then the
install process should install 6.1.0-17 by the time you complete the install
and reboot, assumiing that you are connected to the 'net.

It's not a problem. 12.3 was stopped because of file corruption, 12.4 was 
fixed.For some machines, that caused Wifi issues but only a few. The current 
Debian
kernel should *just work*

All the very best,

Andy 

disable trackpad when mouse is connected (GNOME bug?)

[Henning Follmann]

Hello,
for a while I am using

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad send-events 
'disabled-on-external-mouse'

which really worked fine.

But since last week this does not work anymore; in the way that the
trackpad is always disabled, even when the mouse is not connected.

I have to issue a 
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad send-events 'enabled'
to get it back. That kind of defeats it's purpose though.

Any hints what could be causing this?


-H


-- 
Henning Follmann   | hfollm...@itcfollmann.com

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Andy Smith]

Hi,

On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 11:17:34AM +0100, Nicolas George wrote:
> Since mdadm can only put its superblock at the end of the device (1.0),
> at the beginning of the device (1.1) and 4 Ko from the beginning (1.2),
> but they still have not invented 1.3 to have the metadata 17 Ko from the
> beginning or the end, which would be necessary to be compatible with
> GPT, we have to partition them and put the EFI system partition outside
> them.

Sorry, what is the issue about being compatible with GPT?

For example, here is one of the drives in a machine of mine, and it
is a drive I boot from:

$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sda: 7501476528 sectors, 3.5 TiB
Model: INTEL SSDSC2KG03
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): D97BD886-7F31-9E46-B454-6703BC90AF09
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 2048, last usable sector is 7501476494
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 0 sectors (0 bytes)

Number  Start (sector)End (sector)  Size   Code  Name
   12048 1075199   524.0 MiB   EF00  
   2 1075200 3172351   1024.0 MiB  FD00  
   3 3172352 7366655   2.0 GiB FD00  
   4 736665624143871   8.0 GiB FD00  
   524143872  7501476494   3.5 TiB FD00

Here, sda1 is an EFI System Partition and sda2 is a RAID-1 member
that comprises /boot when assembled. It is md2 when assembled which
has superblock format 1.2:

 sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md2
/dev/md2:
   Version : 1.2
 Creation Time : Mon Jun  7 22:21:08 2021
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)
 Used Dev Size : 1046528 (1022.00 MiB 1071.64 MB)
  Raid Devices : 2
 Total Devices : 2
   Persistence : Superblock is persistent

   Update Time : Sun Jan 21 00:00:07 2024
 State : clean 
Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
 Spare Devices : 0

Consistency Policy : resync

  Name : tanq:2  (local to host tanq)
  UUID : ea533a16:63523ac4:da6bf866:508f8f1d
Events : 459

Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
   0 25920  active sync   /dev/nvme0n1p2
   1   821  active sync   /dev/sda2

Thus, grub is installed to sda and nvme0n1.

Have I made an error here?

> Which leads me to wonder if there is an automated way to install GRUB on
> all the EFI partitions.

I just install it on each boot drive, but you have me worried now
that there is something I am ignorant of.

There is also the issue of making the ESP redundant. I'd like to put
it in RAID but I've been convinced that it is a bad idea: firmware
will not understand md RAID and though it may be able to read it
(due to it being RAID-1, 1.2 superblock), if it writes to it then it
will desync the RAID.

There was a deeper discussion of this issue here:

https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2020/11/msg00455.html

As you can see, more people were in favour of manually syncing ESP
contents to backup ESPs on other drives so that firmware can choose
(or be told to choose) a different ESP in event of trying to boot
with device failure.

I don't like it, but…

Thanks,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Darac Marjal]

On 24/01/2024 10:17, Nicolas George wrote:

Hi.

We have drives in mdadm RAID1.

Since they are potential boot drives, we have to put a GPT on them.

Since mdadm can only put its superblock at the end of the device (1.0),
at the beginning of the device (1.1) and 4 Ko from the beginning (1.2),
but they still have not invented 1.3 to have the metadata 17 Ko from the
beginning or the end, which would be necessary to be compatible with
GPT, we have to partition them and put the EFI system partition outside
them.

To keep things logical, we have the same partitions on all drives,
including the EFI one. And GRUB is perfectly capable of booting the
system (inside the LVM) inside the RAID inside the partition.

Which leads me to wonder if there is an automated way to install GRUB on
all the EFI partitions.


Possibly. Proxmox (the virtualisation environment built on top of 
Debian, so not actually Debian itself) have a tool they imaginatively 
call "proxmox-boot-tool". It's designed to keep ESPs synchronized when 
you have ZFS on several disks. ZFS (on linux, at least) always creates a 
partition table, even if you allocate a whole disk as a zvol, so at 
least that solves the problem of where to put the ESP. However, 
proxmox-boot-tool registers itself as a hook and, when you update the 
kernel, it will kick in and re-run grub-install on each device.


You might be able to persuade the good people at Proxmox to release 
their tool upstream (i.e. into Debian).





The manual way is not that bad, but automated would be nice.

Regards,



OpenPGP_signature.asc
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

Re: Is 12.4 safe, or should I wait for 12.5?

[Greg Wooledge]

On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 11:52:04AM -0800, Charlie Gibbs wrote:
> I updated my main machine to Bookworm (12.2, kernel 6.1.0.13-amd64)
> some time ago and it's running well.

> I read the fuss about EXT4 file system corruption.  At first
> I got the impression that this happened in 12.4, but further digging
> suggests that the bug was in 12.3, fixed in 12.4.  Is this the case,
> or should I wait for 12.5 before updating my other machines?

Yes, it's fixed.  The current stable kernel ABI is 6.1.0-17, which is
from a security update post 12.4.


The data corruption bug was initially fixed by a kernel which had a
major bug in a Wifi support module.  The kernel after *that* was the
first safe one.  And now we have -17 which is that plus some more
security fixes.  Upgrading is recommended.

Is 12.4 safe, or should I wait for 12.5?

[Charlie Gibbs]

I updated my main machine to Bookworm (12.2, kernel 6.1.0.13-amd64)
some time ago and it's running well.  My laptop, and the media box in
the living room, are still running Bullseye.  I was about to update
them when I read the fuss about EXT4 file system corruption.  At first
I got the impression that this happened in 12.4, but further digging
suggests that the bug was in 12.3, fixed in 12.4.  Is this the case,
or should I wait for 12.5 before updating my other machines?

Just looking for re-assurance before I take the plunge.

--
/~\  Charlie Gibbs  |  "Some of you may die,
\ /|  but it's a sacrifice
 X   I'm really at ac.dekanfrus |  I'm willing to make."
/ \  if you read it the right way.  |-- Lord Farquaad (Shrek)

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Nicolas George]

Thomas Schmitt (12024-01-24):
> i cannot make qualified proposals for the GRUB question, but stumble over
> your technical statements.

It was by far the most interesting reply. Better somebody who really
understood the question, realized their limitations and knowingly
replies with an interesting tangential than the opposite.

> Although it would be unusually small, it is possible to have a GPT of
> only 4 KiB of size:
> - 512 bytes for Protective MBR (the magic number of GPT)
> - 512 bytes for the GPT header block
> - 3 KiB for an array of 24 partition entries.
> 
> Question is of course, whether any partition editor is willing to create
> such a small GPT. The internet says that sfdisk has "table-length" among
> its input "Header lines". So it would be a matter of learning and
> experimenting.

Interesting. Indeed, “table-length: 4” causes sfdisk to only write 3
sectors at the beginning and 2 at the end. I checked it really does not
write elsewhere.

That makes it possible to use full-disk RAID on a UEFI boot drive. Very
good news.

> > we have to partition them and put the EFI system partition outside
> > them.
> Do you mean you partition them DOS-style ?

No, GPT. More and more firmwares will only boot with GPT. I think I met
only once a firmware that booted UEFI, 32 bits, with a MBR.

GPT
 ├─EFI
 └─RAID
└─LVM (of course)

Now, thanks to you, I know I can do:

GPT   
 ┊  RAID
 └───┤
 ├─EFI
 └─LVM

It is rather ugly to have the same device be both a RAID with its
superblock in the hole between GPT and first partition and the GPT in
the hole before the RAID superblock, but it serves its purpose: the EFI
partition is kept in sync over all devices.

It still requires setting the non-volatile variables, though.

Thanks.

Regards,

-- 
  Nicolas George

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Nicolas George]

Franco Martelli (12024-01-24):
> If I run "grub-install" with multiple device I got
> 
> # LCALL=C grub-install /dev/sd[a-d]
> grub-install: error: More than one install device?.
> 
> maybe it is a deprecated action for grub to install to multiple device, so
> this should it be investigated?

Do you believe it used to work? To the better of my knowledge it never
did.

-- 
  Nicolas George

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Nicolas George]

Felix Miata (12024-01-24):
> Technically, quite true. However, OS and user data are very different. User 
> data
> recreation and/or restoration can be as painful as impossible, justifying 
> RAID. OS
> can be reinstalled rather easily in a nominal amount of time. A 120G SSD can 
> hold
> multiple OS installations quite easily. A spare 120G SSD costs less than a 
> petrol
> fillup. I stopped putting OS on RAID when I got my first SSD. My current 
> primary
> PC has 5 18G OS installations, all bootable much more quickly than finding a
> suitable USB stick to rescue boot from.

Looks you are confusing RAID with backups. Yes, OS can be reinstalled,
but that still makes “a nominal amount of time” during which your
computer is not available.

Your “spare” SSD would be more usefully used in a RAID array than
corroding on your shelves.

-- 
  Nicolas George

Re: Seeking a Terminal Emulator on Debian for "Passthrough" Printing

[David Wright]

On Wed 24 Jan 2024 at 23:46:31 (+0700), Max Nikulin wrote:
> On 24/01/2024 00:16, David Wright wrote:
> > On Wed 24 Jan 2024 at 00:00:57 (+0700), Max Nikulin wrote:
> > > Server-side code mixing 2 data streams into single channel may be a
> > > bit more simple than association of 2 connections with the same
> > > client, but the price is this long thread.
> 
> > OTOH we've all experienced misconfigurations where printer jobs
> > go to the wrong printer. What's the cost of the wrong till-receipt
> > printer opening an unattended cash drawer? There are some benefits
> > that come with localising connections.
> 
> Just to be clear, I do not suggest to statically configure all POS
> printers on the server. SSH session may handle multiple data streams,
> so it should be possible to associate UI terminal stream and
> printer/scanner links when a client connects to the server.

I guess I find this suggestion more vague than what the OP was
describing, so you'd have to elaborate. But what I was commenting
on (snipped from above) is having "independent connections on any
network layer". There are LAN-connected printers around for sale,
but there are security dangers with such connection methods,
depending on the application.

Cheers,
David.

Re: keyboard buttons

[David Wright]

On Tue 23 Jan 2024 at 18:09:00 (-0600), Mike McClain wrote:
> David Wright wrote:
> > You could try running:
> >
> >   $ xmodmap -e 'keycode 124=' # to override XF86PowerOff
> >
> >   $ xmodmap -e 'keycode 150=' # to override XF86Sleep
> >
> >   $ xmodmap -e 'keycode 151=' # to override XF86WakeUp perhaps.
> 
> Given your input I read the xmodmap man page.
> I ran 'xmodmap -pk' and saw the keycode to function mapping as you
> stated.
> 
> I ran the commands you suggested then ran 'xmodmap -pk' again and saw
> that the assignments were cleared. Just to be safe I checked the two
> files I normally keep open were saved then hit the XF86PowerOff button
> and watched my computer shutdown.

Two things: I don't know whether it's necessary to restart the
X server (which might not require rebooting) to make sure that
every part of X is aware of the new mapping.

Also, just check that it really did shutdown and not merely suspend.
I find my ancient noname MS-019O mouse useful in this respect, as
the LEDs inside it stay lit with suspend, but not with poweroff.
If the machine suspended, pressing the key again may wake it up.¹

> I've heard more that once not to believe all you read. With all the
> disinformation on the net by enemies of democracy, both foreign and
> domestic, I take most of the news I read with a grain of salt. I guess
> I need to apply that to Linux man pages too.

Disinformation is malevolent. Misinformation is usually not.

What you might have read about xmodmap will only apply, AIUI,
in an X session. If that's where you spend almost all your time,
then that may be good enough. (I've never used wayland.)

If what I wrote doesn't work, then it may be that we're not
inserting the change into the pathway that the keystroke follows.
So the next place I would try is /etc/systemd/logind.conf where
this line occurs:

  #HandlePowerKey=poweroff

You could try changing it to, say:

  HandlePowerKey=ignore

in the first instance, and seeing whether that made any difference.
(You might have to reboot for the new setting to take effect.)
If so, then you might want the key to suspend instead.

Also be aware that if HandlePowerKey=ignore succeeds, you may
lose the ability to power off with the real, physical switch on
the computer itself, though hard-reset is unaffected. Hence my
suggesting a less invasive manner.

Somewhere between xmodmap and HandlePowerKey there may be a kbd
driver method, but I've never got into that stuff deeply.

I'm aware that none of this will help with your Devuan machine.
I don't know what keyboard you use, but other approaches are
keeping your fingers away, constructing a guard with cut-down
plastic from an old bubble-pack, or using a different keyboard.

¹ That's how my K520 works because, even though the key engraving
  is ⏻ (IEC Power) with PC underneath, it behaves as ⏾, sending
  Suspend.

Cheers,
David.

Re: running a snap package on bookworm?

[Greg Wooledge]

On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 12:16:21PM -0700, D. R. Evans wrote:
> 4. But now how do I actually run the program? I tried just running:
>   $ acrordrdc

Have you looked at the man page for snap?  It's very long, so I took
a guess and looked for "run".


run
Run the given snap command

The run command executes the given snap command with the right confinement
and environment.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] run [run-OPTIONS] . 
[...]


Maybe that's part of the answer.  The "info" subcommand also looked
important.

running a snap package on bookworm?

[D. R. Evans]

1. I've never used a snap package before.

2. I want to run the acrordrdc program, which is available as a snap package.

3. Following instructions found following a search for help with snap, I ran:
  sudo apt install snapd
  sudo snap install core
  sudo snap install acrordrdc
There were no obvious errors.

4. But now how do I actually run the program? I tried just running:
  $ acrordrdc
but that produced:
  /user.slice/user-1000.slice/session-14.scope is not a snap cgroup
which I suppose is useful to someone, but tells me nothing other than that 
there seems to be some sort of snap-related problem somewhere.


5. As far as I can see, no new entry was added to the start menu, so it would 
seem that I'm supposed to run the program -- which I assume has the same name 
as the package; i.e., "acrordrdc" -- from the command line; but how?


  Doc

--
Web:  http://enginehousebooks.com/drevans

Re: Re : Linux magazine ?

[ptilou]

Bonsoir, 

J'ai trouvé çà :
https://code.google.com/archive/p/panorama-provider/downloads
C'est le centre de recherche Nokia, qui a fait le soft, mais j'ai pas vue la 
version qui detecte l'image et assemble, je sais pas si c'est ici mais le 
logiciel photo ne réassemble pas si les images ne sont pas dans l'ordre !

Et donc j'aimerai savoir si il y a des modification, en plus libre qui ont été 
faite ?

(Pour le DVD je le copirai quand je passerai à Saint Pancras à la bl !)

Le samedi 13 janvier 2024 à 18:30:04 UTC+1, k6de...@free.fr a écrit :
> Bonjour Pilou, 
> Serait-ce l'API Google photo que tu cherches ? 
> https://developers.google.com/photos?hl=fr 
> 
> Mais comme d'habitude Google mets des conditions. 
> Bonne journée, 
> Cassis 
> 
> 
> 
> - Mail d'origine - 
> De: ptilou  
> À: debian-us...@lists.debian.org 
> Envoyé: Sat, 13 Jan 2024 14:58:28 +0100 (CET) 
> Objet: Linux magazine ?
> Bonjour, 
> 
> Bonne année, les codeux, les autres aller ? 
> 
> Je cherche le dvd au 6000 script que je ne crois pas exclusivement en Bach de 
> l'editeur de magazine anglais ! 
> 
> Je cherche aussi le script de google photo pour faire les panorama ! 
> 
> Mais la santé pas que dans la sécurité du code  
> 
> -- 
> Ptilou

AW: AW: su su- sudo dont work

[Schwibinger Michael]

Good afternoon
Thank You.

I ll print it out and read it.

2 questions:

Is this the same problem with su
su -
su -p?

Is it not a problem of rescue mode,
before panic it did work.

Problem:
root terminal is not accepting copy paste.
Regards
Sophie



Von: Greg Wooledge 
Gesendet: Sonntag, 21. Januar 2024 14:40
An: debian-user@lists.debian.org 
Betreff: Re: AW: su su- sudo dont work

On Sun, Jan 21, 2024 at 12:57:17PM +, Schwibinger Michael wrote:
> sudo apt-get install firefox
> Reaction LINUX
> This is not allowed we send a message to the admin.
>
> I do open root terminal
> there its working.

It sounds like you are not authorized to use "sudo" on this computer.

This is precisely the scenario for which I requested that you run the
"id" command and paste its output into your email.  If you are in
the "sudo" group, then you should be allowed to use sudo.  Here, for
example, is my output:

unicorn:~$ id
uid=1000(greg) gid=1000(greg) 
groups=1000(greg),24(cdrom),25(floppy),27(sudo),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),46(plugdev),108(netdev)

You can see that it includes ",27(sudo)" which demonstrates that I am in
the sudo group, and I am therefore allowed to use sudo on this computer.

If your output does not include this group, then we see the cause.
And then the solution becomes obvious.

We would also see your UID, and this might inform us as to *underlying*
reasons why you are not in the sudo group.  Maybe this isn't UID 1000
(the one created during installation).  Maybe it's a user that was
created later, with a higher UID.  In that case, it's *normal* for you
not to be in the sudo group, until you explicitly add yourself.

We would also see your username, so that if we have to tell you to
run a command to add yourself to the sudo group, we'd be able to give
you the *exact* command, and you could just paste it, or type it,
without having to think.

All of this would have been *REVEALED TO US* if you had simply done what
we asked.

At this point, after years of your membership here, I don't think I've
ever seen you paste information from a Debian terminal session into
your emails.  This leads me to believe you are *incapable* of doing so,
for one reason or another.  Maybe the Debian system is air-gapped,
and you can't ssh to it from the system where you compose emails.
Maybe you compose emails on a handheld mobile device which can't ssh or
copy text.  Maybe you're just too technologically ignorant to do things
like installing PuTTY on Windows and using that to ssh into Debian to
run the commands so they can be pasted.

All I know for sure is that helping you is *incredibly* frustrating,
because not only do you not do the basic steps that are requested, you
also refuse to *explain* why you don't do them.  All we can ever do is
guess.

So anyway, here is my prescription for this particular problem.  These
are the steps you should follow.  They will require that you read and
understand them, and that you actually do them.

1) On the Debian system, while you are logged in as the user who cannot
   use sudo, open a terminal, and run the "id" command.

2) Look for (sudo) in the output.

3) If you see (sudo) in the output, this means your sudoers file is not
   the normal one for Debian.  Something has changed it.  You will have
   to figure out what has changed, and WHY it has changed, and fix it.
   In this case, STOP.  Do not proceed to step 4 or 5.

4) If you do NOT see (sudo), then you will want to add yourself to the
   sudo group.  To do this, you will need your username, which you have
   never revealed to us.  I will therefore have to write a template
   command in which you will have to FILL IN YOUR USERNAME.

   Open a root terminal (which you claim you can do) and run this
   command:

adduser YOURUSERNAME sudo

   But replace YOURUSERNAME with your Debian username.

5) If you added yourself to the sudo group, then you will need to logout
   of Debian and log back in to make it take effect.  After logging back
   in, run "id" and verify that you are now in the sudo group.

Once you are in the sudo group, you should be able to use sudo, unless
your /etc/sudoers file has been altered, or came from a non-Debian system.

If your /etc/sudoers file is not of Debian origin, then I personally
will refuse to try to help you fix it, because I don't believe you will
be able to follow my instructions correctly.  You will need help from
someone with whom you can communicate effectively.  This may mean you
need to go to a German-language Debian mailing list.  It may mean you
need in-person help from a local expert.  It may mean you have to hand
your entire computer over to a professional.  I don't know what you
need at this point.

Re: Seeking a Terminal Emulator on Debian for "Passthrough" Printing

[Max Nikulin]

On 23/01/2024 08:52, phoebus phoebus wrote:

"Xterm 216" is unclear for me.

 > PuTTY documentation in 4.4.3 Changing the action of the function keys
and keypad explain it by "In Xterm 216 mode, the unshifted function keys
behave the same as Xterm R6 mode. But pressing a function key together
with Shift or Alt or Ctrl generates a different sequence containing an
extra numeric parameter of the form (1 for Shift) + (2 for Alt) + (4 for
Ctrl) + 1. For F1-F4, the basic sequences like ESC OP become ESC
[1;bitmapP and similar; for F5 and above, ESC[index~ becomes
ESC[index;bitmap~.


Thanks. It seems it is supported by most terminal applications in Linux. 
However usually enough such keystrokes are grabbed for window manager 
and desktop environment hotkeys. In the case of POS it may be a kind of 
single-application kiosk with no WM and DE.



The small program described in the previous proposal could indeed be the 
intermediate filter.


So you can offer developers alternatives: to extend a combined 
terminal+SSH application like putty or to create a filter working with 
any terminal application.

Re: Seeking a Terminal Emulator on Debian for "Passthrough" Printing

[Max Nikulin]

On 24/01/2024 00:16, David Wright wrote:

On Wed 24 Jan 2024 at 00:00:57 (+0700), Max Nikulin wrote:

Server-side code mixing 2 data streams into single channel may be a
bit more simple than association of 2 connections with the same
client, but the price is this long thread.



OTOH we've all experienced misconfigurations where printer jobs
go to the wrong printer. What's the cost of the wrong till-receipt
printer opening an unattended cash drawer? There are some benefits
that come with localising connections.


Just to be clear, I do not suggest to statically configure all POS 
printers on the server. SSH session may handle multiple data streams, so 
it should be possible to associate UI terminal stream and 
printer/scanner links when a client connects to the server.

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Franco Martelli]

On 24/01/24 at 11:17, Nicolas George wrote:

Which leads me to wonder if there is an automated way to install GRUB on
all the EFI partitions.


If I run "grub-install" with multiple device I got

# LCALL=C grub-install /dev/sd[a-d]
grub-install: error: More than one install device?.

maybe it is a deprecated action for grub to install to multiple device, 
so this should it be investigated?


Cheers,
--
Franco Martelli

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Felix Miata]

Nicolas George composed on 2024-01-24 15:39 (UTC+0100):

> Charles Curley (12024-01-24):

>> Although I found it simpler (and faster) to have all my system stuff on
>> an SSD, and the RAID on four HDDs. Grub goes on the SSD and that's that.

> If the SSD dies, your system does not boot. Somewhat wasting the benefit
> of RAID.

Technically, quite true. However, OS and user data are very different. User data
recreation and/or restoration can be as painful as impossible, justifying RAID. 
OS
can be reinstalled rather easily in a nominal amount of time. A 120G SSD can 
hold
multiple OS installations quite easily. A spare 120G SSD costs less than a 
petrol
fillup. I stopped putting OS on RAID when I got my first SSD. My current primary
PC has 5 18G OS installations, all bootable much more quickly than finding a
suitable USB stick to rescue boot from.
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata

Re: Bacula y la comunicación TLS

[Roberto Leon Lopez]

El dom, 21 ene 2024 a las 21:13, Camaleón () escribió:
>
> El 2024-01-21 a las 13:58 +0100, RLL escribió:
>
> > Me está resultando dificil hacer uso de las comunicaciones cifradas en
> > Bacula.
> >
> > Estoy reutilizando easy-rsa de OpenVPN para generar certificados de servidor
> > para un servidor web Apache sin problemas, y lo mismo quiero hacer para los
> > clientes de Bacula donde por lo visto tiene que coincidir el Common Name del
> > certificado con la dirección del cliente que no con el nombre del cliente,
> > igualmente aplicado al bacula-dir.conf, bacula-sd.conf y bacula-fd.conf .
> >
> > Entonces cuando hago la conexión con bconsole tras el reinicio de los
> > servicios el log que obtengo es el siguiente:
> >
> > Destaco el mensaje de error "bacula-dir  tls.c:94-0 Error with
> > certificate at depth:  ERR=26:unsuitable certificate purpose" . Cuando
> > el certificado del servidor se generó con easy-rsa indicando precisamente
> > que es para un servidor.
>
> No uso Bacula, Sólo un apunte por si te resulta de interés y/o utilidad.
>
> Aunque es un hilo antiguo (2011) el error y el problema parecen
> similares, echa un vistazo a estos mensajes de los foros de Bacula:
>
> [Bacula-users] bacula and tls. Can't get that working
> https://sourceforge.net/p/bacula/mailman/bacula-users/thread/2008190128.6beff8f8%40d830-oh/#msg28371522
>
> Saludos,
>
> --
> Camaleón
>

Solucionado.

Finalmente he podido rellenar bien los ficheros de configuración, cosa
compleja por todas las referencias necesarias. Los certificados
generados con easy-rsa como server funcionan sin hacer ningún ajuste.

El capítulo sobre TLS en el manual 9 se queda corto
https://www.bacula.org/9.6.x-manuals/en/main/Bacula_TLS_Communications_E.html
y en la versión 11 podemos ver un ejemplo completo
https://www.bacula.org/11.0.x-manuals/en/main/Bacula_TLS_Communications_E.html
que me ha aclarado todo lo que hay que rellenar.

Hay que rellenar tantas referencias de TLS como intervinientes en la
comunicación:

- De bconsole a Director.
- De Director a Storage Daemon.
- De Director a Cliente.
- De Cliente a Storage Daemon.

Añadir a los puntos de descontento con Bacula anteriores indicados en
el hilo que si tienes un cliente fuera de tu oficina vas a tener que
abrir un puerto en tu firewall porque después de que el Director le
diga al Cliente que tiene que empezar a enviar datos, es el Cliente
quien abre una conexión hacia el Storage Daemon. Esa última conexión
es una pelea con auditores para justificarles abrir un puerto en el
firewall.

Saludos y gracias.

Re: Debian 12 System Requirement

[Anders Andersson]

On Tue, Jan 23, 2024 at 10:27 AM CHENG YING KIT KEITH 
wrote:

> Dear Colleagues,
>
>
>
> Can I install Debian 11 or 12 with “Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v3 @
> 2.30GHz” CPU?
>
> Do they both support the following application
>
> Nginx 1.22.1
>
> PHP 8.2.7
>
> Mariadb 10.11.4
>
>
> On the other hand, may I know the minimum requirement of Debian 11 and 12?
>
>
>
For what it's worth, my main workhorse is an even older Xeon, E3-1270 about
3 years older than yours. I installed debian 12 without even questioning if
it worked, because of course it would, and it works extremely well! The OS
is snappy with the default Gnome on Wayland on my 3840x1600 monitor, and
that's with a pretty slow mid-range GPU from 2016.

You should definitely not be afraid of running debian on this machine! RAM
and storage I/O will be your main limits.

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Nicolas George]

Charles Curley (12024-01-24):
> Perhaps a script based on:

Thanks, I know how to make scripts. My question ported specifically on
making it automatic.

> Although I found it simpler (and faster) to have all my system stuff on
> an SSD, and the RAID on four HDDs. Grub goes on the SSD and that's that.

If the SSD dies, your system does not boot. Somewhat wasting the benefit
of RAID.

Regards,

-- 
  Nicolas George

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Charles Curley]

On Wed, 24 Jan 2024 11:17:34 +0100
Nicolas George  wrote:

> Which leads me to wonder if there is an automated way to install GRUB
> on all the EFI partitions.

I'm not aware of any existing solutions.

Perhaps a script based on:

for i in a b c d e ; do echo /dev/sd$i ; grub-install /dev/sd$i ; done

Or perhaps extract the relevant devices from the output of

cat /proc/mdstat


Although I found it simpler (and faster) to have all my system stuff on
an SSD, and the RAID on four HDDs. Grub goes on the SSD and that's that.

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Problemen met rechten LetsEncrypt

[Paul van der Vlis]

Hoi allen,

Op een vers geinstalleerde Debian12 heb ik een raar probleem met 
LetsEncrypt certificaten. (Ik gebruik certbot, weet niet of dat van 
belang is.)


Eerder was het zo dat gebruikers die lid waren van de groep ssl-cert bij 
de certicaten en keys mochten, maar nu niet meer. Alleen root mag erbij.


Weet iemand hier meer van?  Ik zag geen bug.


Groet,
Paul



--
Paul van der Vlis Linux systeembeheer Groningen
https://vandervlis.nl/

Re: SOLVED: Re: Chromium oops: libva error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iHD_drv_video.so

[Charles Curley]

On Wed, 24 Jan 2024 07:33:59 +
Tixy  wrote:

> On Tue, 2024-01-23 at 13:34 -0700, Charles Curley wrote:
>  [...]  
> 
> As you've already found out, that's not the latest one, and if I'm not
> mistaken is the one that introduce a wifi bug [1], so that could
> explain it getting stuck in the wifi stuff during shutdown.
> 
> You would probably be OK with the latest Debian 6.1 kernel if you
> don't explicitly want the 6.5 one from backports.
> 
> [1] https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1057969
> 

That does indeed sound like the problem I had. Thank you. I think I've
spent enough time on this issue, so I'll stick with the backported
kernel(s) until the next Debian is released (13). Or until something
else goes wrong.

-- 
Does anybody read signatures any more?

https://charlescurley.com
https://charlescurley.com/blog/

Re: OT: Is there any size limit for ISO's?

[Hans]

Hi all,

so, the problem is 90 percent solved. It was indeed the problem with the 
graphic mode, just as Stefan's crytal ball told. Orinially the kernel driver 
should automatically detect, which mode is possible and then switch to it. But 
it doesn't. So the screen went blank. 

The fix was easy: I added the parm "vga=791" to the kernel and the screen went 
to the required solution.

Everything is working now, when I boot the stick on another computer.

Thus I can say: generally it is working!
 
However: When I boot this stick on the same computer, where I built the iso, 
it hangs at boot. I suppose, this is related to, that I am using encrypted 
filesystems on the harddrive. It appears (although the ISO is working 
completely in RAM), it wants the encryption password.

This is strange. In the past I gor a solution for it: Before building and 
creating the ISO, I moved /etc/crypttab away and then created the ISO. This 
was working well in the past. 

You should know, that I have written a little script, which prepares the 
system (by deleting history and other unnecessary things or moving some things 
away), then build and at last move everything back. 

This is working like a charm.

Oh, and maybe the issues I described might appear with a newer kernel, because 
KALI linux was running 6.1 but now it is running 6.5. However, this might not 
matter, just want to mention it, if someone else is interested and fell into 
the same issue as me.

As I said: the problem is 90 percent solved, now I am just try to solve the 
(very!) little thing with the password issue.

Stay tuned, I'll be back.

Best 

Hans  

Re: Return to previous presentation edit Grub

[Greg Wooledge]

On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 10:50:25AM +, Simeone Dominique wrote:
> Good morning,
> 
> I had Debian 10 with two other linŭes that I could access at startup.
> 
> I installed Debian 11 and the new grub only offers me Debian.
> 
> How can I return to the presentation of my three operating systems from the 
> command line?

Install the os-prober package, and then run update-grub (as root) if
the os-prober postinst script didn't already do it for you.

Also note that if you upgrade to Debian 12 at some point, just having
os-prober installed won't be enough.  You'll also have to *enable* it.
See 
.

Re: Resizing LVM partitions

[Andy Smith]

Hi,

On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 12:29:18AM +0100, Miroslav Skoric wrote:
> Dunno ... in any case, for some reason the rescue mode I went to by booting
> from an old installation CD (dated back to Debian 6.0.1A Squeeze!) did not
> see partitions in form of e.g. /dev/mapper/localhost-home, but rather
> /dev/localhost/home, so lvreduce rejected to proceed.

Booting into an ancient userland like Debian 6 to do vital work on
your storage stack is completely insane. Bear in mind the amount of
changes and bug fixes that will have taken place in kernel,
filesystem and LVM tools between Debian 6 and Debian 12. You are
lucky we are not now having a very different kind of conversation.

Always try to use a rescue/live environment that is close to, or
newer than your actual system. Anything else risks catastrophe.

> So I tried vgdisplay. It returned ... among the others ...
> 
> ...
> Total PE  76249
> Alloc PE / Size   74378 / 290.54 GiB
> Free  PE / Size   1871 / 7.31 GiB

Summary: you managed to use some of that available space.

> In any case, what is left to do is to find the best way to take some space
> from /home which is largely underused.

You should be able to do this bit without going into a live/rescue
env. You won't be able to do it while any user is logged in, so shut
down any desktop environment and log out of all users. Log back in
as root from console and just do the lvreduce --resizefs from there.
It should ask if you are willing to unmount /home.

If there's anything left running from /home the unmount won't work
and you'll have to track down those stray processes, but should be
easily doable.

Thanks,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

Re: Resizing LVM partitions

[Greg Wooledge]

On Wed, Jan 24, 2024 at 06:45:12AM +0100, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> On Tue, Jan 23, 2024 at 06:42:43PM -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > You'll have to unmount it, which generally means you will have to reboot
> > in single-user mode, or from rescue media, whichever is easier.
> 
> If you log in as root in a Linux console before the graphical
> thing gets started, you might get a stab at it, too. No reason
> for /home to be in use if no user has a session running

Depends on the system.  If you've got user crontabs that run @reboot
(or their systemd equivalents, if such a thing exists), those might
try to use files in $HOME.  If you're running a mail transfer agent
that receives email, it might attempt deliveries, which would involve
looking for ~/.forward or similar files, and deliveries could be done
to the home directory (but not by default on Debian).

But yeah, for *most* users, what you said is probably accurate.

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Thomas Schmitt]

Hi,

i cannot make qualified proposals for the GRUB question, but stumble over
your technical statements.

Nicolas George wrote:
> Since mdadm can only put its superblock at the end of the device (1.0),
> at the beginning of the device (1.1) and 4 Ko from the beginning (1.2),
> but they still have not invented 1.3 to have the metadata 17 Ko from the
> beginning or the end, which would be necessary to be compatible with
> GPT,

Although it would be unusually small, it is possible to have a GPT of
only 4 KiB of size:
- 512 bytes for Protective MBR (the magic number of GPT)
- 512 bytes for the GPT header block
- 3 KiB for an array of 24 partition entries.

Question is of course, whether any partition editor is willing to create
such a small GPT. The internet says that sfdisk has "table-length" among
its input "Header lines". So it would be a matter of learning and
experimenting.
(Possibly i would be faster with writing the first header blocks by
hand, following UEFI specs or my cheat sheet in libisofs.)


> we have to partition them and put the EFI system partition outside
> them.

Do you mean you partition them DOS-style ?
If so, then a partition of type 0xEF could be used as system partition.
Probably any partition type will do, because EFI is very eager to look
into any partition with FAT filesystem.


Have a nice day :)

Thomas

Re: souris 2.4Ghz sans dongle bluetooth

[Fabien Dubois]

Le 24/01/2024 à 10:13, Erwann Le Bras a écrit :

bonjour

j'ai une souris Logitech qui permet d'être associées à 3 
périphériques, dont 1 directement en BT (non utilisé). Du coup j'ai 1 
clavier, 1 souris pour 2 PC allumés sur mon bureau. Il me suffit de 
déplacer le dongle à une machine inconnue de la souris pour qu'elle 
soit reconnue du PC quelque soit son OS. C'est le Dongle qui porte 
l'"intelligence" de la connectique.


Le soucis d'appariement exclusif sous Windows ou Debian est que c'est 
une souris BT qui ne s'apparie qu'avec un seul périphérique, et que 
cette souris doit voir différemment le dongle BT sous Win et Debian. 
Peut-être qu'en forçant le nom (même nom de périphérique) sous Windows 
et Debian pourrait peut-être "leurrer" la souris? Et pareil pour la 
référence du "Device" host sous Windows et Debian.


En tout cas ça marche bien en Wifi ou on peut remplacer un récepteur 
Wifi par un autre juste en conservant le même nom et mot  de passe sur 
le nouveau. Les périphériques qui avaient l'habitude de se connecter à 
l'ancien se connectent au nouveau sans problème. Qu'on me parle 
ensuite de "sécurité" du wifi


amitiés

Erwann


Bonjour, je comprend bien, sauf que :

souris BT exclusivement, vendue sans dongle (elle n'en a pas besoin)

appairage sous debian puis sous win11 sans problème, puis disparition 
lors du redémarrage debian (souris invisible pour le BT) j'en conclus 
qu'à priori la souris peut s'appairer à plusieurs sources en même temps 
(confirmé par le très court manuel, oui elle peut).


désappairage sous win11, la souris réapparait sous debian. appairage 
sous debian, reboot, souris visible sous win11, appairage, aucun souci, 
reboot debian souris de nouveau disparue etc


Fab

PS Erwann, désolé pour le message perso, erreur de manip sous thunderbird

Re: Revenir à la présentation précédente modififier Grub

[Erwan David]

Le 24/01/2024 à 11:36, Simeone Dominique a écrit :

Bonjour,

j'avais Debian 10 avec deŭx autres linŭx aŭxquels je pouvais accéder  
au démarrage.


J'ai intsllé Debian 11 et le nouveau grub me propose uniquement Debian.

Comment en ligne de commande revenir à la présentation de mes trois 
systèmes d'exploitations?


Debianement votre.

Mr.Dominique Simeone


Peut-être faut-il réactiver os-prober. Sur les debian récentes, 
update-grub ne cherche pas les autres OS sur le disque. C'ets une 
configuration à ajouter. Je ne sais plus comment mais ça devrait 
permettre de retrouver


--
Erwan David

Re: Revenir à la présentation précédente modififier Grub

[Eric DEGENETAIS]

bonjour,

Le mer. 24 janv. 2024 à 11:37, Simeone Dominique
 a écrit :
>
> Bonjour,
>
> j'avais Debian 10 avec deŭx autres linŭx aŭxquels je pouvais accéder  au 
> démarrage.
>
> J'ai intsllé Debian 11 et le nouveau grub me propose uniquement Debian.

c'est probablement dû à la variable GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER positionnée
à true dans votre configuration grub.

> Comment en ligne de commande revenir à la présentation de mes trois systèmes 
> d'exploitations?

il faut :
1 - modifier le fichier /etc/default/grub => s'assurer que
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER est positionnée à false
vim /etc/default/grub
2 - Régénérer la configuration grub
sudo update-grub2

> Debianement votre.
>
> Mr.Dominique Simeone

Cordialement
__
Éric Dégenètais
Henix

http://www.henix.com
http://www.squashtest.org

Return to previous presentation edit Grub

[Simeone Dominique]

Good morning,

I had Debian 10 with two other linŭes that I could access at startup.

I installed Debian 11 and the new grub only offers me Debian.

How can I return to the presentation of my three operating systems from the 
command line?

Debianement your.

Mr.Dominique Simeone

Mr.Dominique Simeone

Revenir à la présentation précédente modififier Grub

[Simeone Dominique]

Bonjour,
j'avais Debian 10 avec deŭx autres linŭx aŭxquels je pouvais accéder  au 
démarrage.
J'ai intsllé Debian 11 et le nouveau grub me propose uniquement Debian.
Comment en ligne de commande revenir à la présentation de mes trois systèmes 
d'exploitations?
Debianement votre.

Mr.Dominique Simeone

Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Nicolas George]

Hi.

We have drives in mdadm RAID1.

Since they are potential boot drives, we have to put a GPT on them.

Since mdadm can only put its superblock at the end of the device (1.0),
at the beginning of the device (1.1) and 4 Ko from the beginning (1.2),
but they still have not invented 1.3 to have the metadata 17 Ko from the
beginning or the end, which would be necessary to be compatible with
GPT, we have to partition them and put the EFI system partition outside
them.

To keep things logical, we have the same partitions on all drives,
including the EFI one. And GRUB is perfectly capable of booting the
system (inside the LVM) inside the RAID inside the partition.

Which leads me to wonder if there is an automated way to install GRUB on
all the EFI partitions.

The manual way is not that bad, but automated would be nice.

Regards,

-- 
  Nicolas George

Re: Filtrar comodins/regex de les línies

[Alex Muntada]

Hola Lluís,

> I m'he oblidat de comentar que cal afegir les pertinents regles
> al UFW

Tot això que has compartit em sembla molt més fàcil d'entendre i
senzill de provar que configurar firehol sencer.

Salut i moltes gràcies!
Alex

--
  ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
  ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁   Alex Muntada 
  ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋   Debian Developer  log.alexm.org
  ⠈⠳⣄



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Re: smartctl cannot access my storage, need syntax help

[Karl Vogel]

On Tue, Jan 23, 2024 at 06:05:29AM -0500, gene heskett wrote:
> On 1/23/24 00:30, Karl Vogel wrote:
> >>> On 1/22/24 11:31, gene heskett wrote:
> >
> > G> How does an 8T backup server sound for another $200 in hdwe?  Very
> > G> enticing and I do have the sheckel's.
> >
> > https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07CQJBSQL
> > Seagate Desktop 8TB external Hard Drive, 3.5 Inch, USB 3.0 STGY8000400
> > $168.18
> >
> > What if you buy two, use one for a complete backup and the other for
> > incrementals or differentials?  (I know, more than $200...)
> 
> My disastrous experience with the last pair of seagates preclude exploring
> that path, ever again.

Sorry, the Seagate was just an example -- I prefer Western Digital myself.
My only point was using one or two external drives for backups.

-- 
Karl Vogel  I don't speak for anyone but myself

And as we all know from experiments conducted during the Korean War, Diane,
sleep deprivation is a one-way ticket to temporary psychosis.
--FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper, "Twin Peaks"