Re: Question about FreeBSD installation procedure
Bret Busby wrote: On Sat, 26 Sep 2009, Manolis Kiagias wrote: Bret Busby wrote: Hello. I have been interested in installing FreeBSD on my laptop (HP/Compaq NX5000, 2MB RAM), in a free 20MB partition. I really hope you meant Gb here ;) I noticed that the Linux Format magazine to which I subscribe, in Issue 124, comes with FreeBSD 7.2 on the DVD. From what I understand, FreeBSD (and possibly all BSD) uses hard disc slices rather than partitions, and therefore cannot easily be installed in a free partition, but needs for hard disc slices to be used. 'Slice' is FreeBSD jargon for what Windows / DOS would call a 'primary partition'. In short, FreeBSD can only be installed in your machine only if you have free space *and* the possibility to create a primary partition in it . Due to BIOS limitations, PC hardware only supports 4 primary partitions on any disk. If you already have 4 primary partitions and you are not willing to delete one, you can't install FreeBSD as it won't install on what Windows calls an Extended partition. But let's say you have a typical laptop with two partitions for OS and data, and some free space at the end. FreeBSD will happily install there. Is it yet possible to install FreeBSD into a hard disc partition, rather than needing to install into hard disc slices? I have attached a copy of the screenshot showing the partition table; I wanted to install FreeBSD into sda8. Can this be done. Thank you in anticipation. The screenshot won't come through in the mailing list, if at all possible upload it somewhere and send us a link. See http://busby.net/bret/Screenshot--dev-sda-GParted.png However, with the response above, and, with all of the responses thus far, to the query, it appears that I cannot install FreeBSD on the computer, without a full system rebuild, involving removal of all of the installed operating systems and software from the computer, then repartitioning, or, slicing up, the hard drive, and then creating new logical, extended partitions, and then reinstalling each of the operating systems, and all of the software for each of the operating systems, trying to ensure that I then have at least all of the software that is currently installed on each operating system on the computer, and, the data that is currently present on the computer. Judging from the screen shot, you should still be able to do it using gparted to shuffle the partitions a bit. (I recommend using the gparted or the parted magic live cd for this) One possible way would be to delete sda8 and move the free space to the end of the extended partition. Then resize the extended partition so the free space is out of it. Create a primary partition out of the free space (or let FreeBSD do it during install). You still have primary partitions available, your current disk setup includes one primary and one extended partition with many 'logical partitions'. Granted, this will take some time but it will work. And, with being required to do all of that, I do not know what would happen, regarding issues such as the interrupt conflict that I encountered when trying to initially install Debian 3.1 on the computer, the interrupt conflict being between the WiFi card and the ethernet card, which reuired Ubuntu to resolve the conflict, then (at the time, as I was then a strictly Debian user) uninstalling Ubuntu to reinstall Debian 3.1, with the solution to the interrupt conflict, having used Mandriva Linux to do the partitioning, so as to retain the initial installation of MS Win XP, which I would probably lose, and have to install from scratch, as part of installing BSD on the system. You could try simply booting the FreeBSD DVD or livefs CD and see what devices get recognized and any potential problems, without committing to installing anything. So, getting the system set up, initially, to get Debian 3.1 running (it has been superseded on the system, first by Debian 4, and, now, by Debian 5), took a fair bit of time and effort, and problem solving, using various operating systems, to get the one extra operating system installed. Due to the time and effort involved, and the apparent complexity, it all seems too difficult, to install BSD. I would agree all this would be too difficult for someone doing a first time install of FreeBSD, having to address multiple issues at the same time. If at all possible I'd recommend trying on a second spare system. FreeBSD runs very well on older systems too, maybe it's time to get this old PC out of the closet :) If FreeBSD would be able to be installed in a logical partition, within an extended partition, as can be done with Linux, it would probably be able to be done by me - in the meantime, it is simply too difficult. I have no idea whether there are plans for these. Personally I avoid multi-boot systems at all if possible. I always tend to use one of the OSes anyway , the other just wastes disk
Re: Swaping Fs (from ntfs to ufs), or ntfs3g?
great I will do a massive Cp as both fs are mounted under BSD, (ntfs just with read access)... should you suggest guy to do a normal #cp /media/DATAWIN /media/UFShd as there is no any soft and hard links on this partition... will be fine? Thanks! 2009/9/28 Jerry McAllister jerr...@msu.edu: On Mon, Sep 28, 2009 at 05:06:34PM +0100, Jeronimo Calvo wrote: Hi folks, Scenario: 3 hds, 1 of them with a NTFS partition and loads of media on it, I was thinking to activate ntfs3g under Freebsd 7.2 STABLE, but since Im having this partition since a while... and i will no need to have it on this FS, what you recommed for moving this partition into ufs format... to make it 100% reliable? what steps will you do? I would suggest you create the UFS filesystem, then tar up the files in the NTFS partition that you want to move and then untar that on the FreeBSD UFS (or UFS2) filesystem. You might have to install a tar utility on the MS system. You can also just mount the NTFS file system on FreeBSD and then do a massive copy of the files you want in to the UFS[2] filesystem. In both the case of doing a tar or a mass copy (cp) wildcards are good. Hopefully you have the files on the NTFS organized reasonably in directories. If you don't and they are interspersed with lots of files you do not want to copy, then it can get tedious but you can still do it. It will just need much more manual attention. jerry BR! ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
How to restore Base_Bind on amd64 7.2 p3 -
Hi I installed bind96 without keeping base-bind and am now having problems with some ports not compiling. What is the simpliest way to restore the original system Base_Bind? Thanks in advance David ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Disk Cloning
On Mon, 28 Sep 2009 20:08:43 -0600 (MDT)
Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote:
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, RW wrote:
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 02:22:31 +0200
Polytropon free...@edvax.de wrote:
doing 1:1 copies with dd is always possible and will
keep content identically; remember to copy the MBR separately
with bs=512 and count=1 from the /dev/ad{source} device.
Why?
Because it contains the partition table.
Right, but why separately, rather than with the rest of the disk?
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Adding Windows Machine to LDAP
HI All, I am FreeBSD User I am using samba domain, Recently 20 day's back I have updated ports. After updating the ports I am not able to join Windows desktop samba domain. Kindly do the need full (Before joining the domain I use to configure wins IP into the windows machine) Kindly do the need full. Regards Kiran Patil ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Adding Windows Machine to LDAP
Hi Kiran, I am FreeBSD User I am using samba domain, Recently 20 day's back I have updated ports. After updating the ports I am not able to join Windows desktop samba domain. I think you must give more details about your configuration. In the message title you mention LDAP, but you don't mention it after that. You should give your Damba configuration, error message, etc. Best, Olivier ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: How to restore Base_Bind on amd64 7.2 p3
Исходное сообщение Тема: Re: How to restore Base_Bind on amd64 7.2 p3 - Дата: Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:51:00 +0400 От: Алексеев Александр aleks...@rumonitor.ru Кому: David Southwell da...@vizion2000.net Ссылки: f26af28b92f447f7a85c19c38cbcf...@sleuth64 Please let me see the error messages that occur when you're building ports. What means base-bind? -- Alexandr A Alexeev http://www.unixcommunity.net/ David Southwell пишет: Hi I installed bind96 without keeping base-bind and am now having problems with some ports not compiling. What is the simpliest way to restore the original system Base_Bind? Thanks in advance David ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Adding Windows Machine to LDAP
Ports update could affect the efficiency of Samba. Perhaps you have updated your software, that effect on one of the libraries. Try to rebuild Samba. -- Alexandr A Alexeev http://www.unixcommunity.net/ KIRAN пишет: HI All, I am FreeBSD User I am using samba domain, Recently 20 day's back I have updated ports. After updating the ports I am not able to join Windows desktop samba domain. Kindly do the need full (Before joining the domain I use to configure wins IP into the windows machine) Kindly do the need full. Regards Kiran Patil ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Adding Windows Machine to LDAP
Ports update could affect the efficiency of Samba. Perhaps you have updated your software, that effect on one of the libraries. Try to rebuild Samba. -- Alexandr A Alexeev http://www.unixcommunity.net/ KIRAN пишет: HI All, I am FreeBSD User I am using samba domain, Recently 20 day's back I have updated ports. After updating the ports I am not able to join Windows desktop samba domain. Kindly do the need full (Before joining the domain I use to configure wins IP into the windows machine) Kindly do the need full. Regards Kiran Patil ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
NetGear WPN111 and FreeBSD 7.2
Hi, I just bought an NetGear WPN111 USB Wireless adapter after reading the Wireless Networking section of the workbook, but unfortunately I can't make it work. I included this in my /boot/loader.conf: if_ath_load=YES wlan_scan_ap_load=YES wlan_scan_sta_load=YES wlan_wep_load=YES wlan_ccmp_load=YES wlan_tkip_load=YES The card is recognized as ugen1, but I can't do a ifconfig ugen1 up. Does anyone uses this card? Thanks in advance, Leonardo M. Ramé http://leonardorame.blogspot.com ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: NetGear WPN111 and FreeBSD 7.2
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, Leonardo M. Ram? wrote: Hi, I just bought an NetGear WPN111 USB Wireless adapter after reading the Wireless Networking section of the workbook, but unfortunately I can't make it work. I included this in my /boot/loader.conf: if_ath_load=YES wlan_scan_ap_load=YES wlan_scan_sta_load=YES wlan_wep_load=YES wlan_ccmp_load=YES wlan_tkip_load=YES The card is recognized as ugen1, but I can't do a ifconfig ugen1 up. Does anyone uses this card? The driver is uath, but it is apparently only in FreeBSD 8. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Anyone using two monitors as extended desktop under FreeBSD??
Im thinking to get a second monitor to use with my 7.2 STABLE workstation and my ati card using the following splitter: http://www.aria.co.uk/Products/Peripherals/Cabling/HDMI%2FMonitor+Cables/DVI+Splitter+Cable+?productId=17127 There is someone currently using any config like this? In this case can you tell me a little bit about the experience? My current GUI is KDE 3.5, and the Graphic card is a ATI HD7200, Cheers! ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Anyone using two monitors as extended desktop under FreeBSD??
On Tue, Sep 29, 2009 at 8:51 AM, Jeronimo Calvo jeronimocal...@googlemail.com wrote: Im thinking to get a second monitor to use with my 7.2 STABLE workstation and my ati card using the following splitter: http://www.aria.co.uk/Products/Peripherals/Cabling/HDMI%2FMonitor+Cables/DVI+Splitter+Cable+?productId=17127 There is someone currently using any config like this? I am except with nvidia. It's how the dell optiplex 960 ships. In this case can you tell me a little bit about the experience? No different than any other dual head setup on FreeBSD. Depends on what driver you'll be using but even standard ati + xrandr will provide what you're looking for. My current GUI is KDE 3.5, and the Graphic card is a ATI HD7200, Cheers! ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org -- Adam Vande More ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Anyone using two monitors as extended desktop under FreeBSD??
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, Jeronimo Calvo wrote: Im thinking to get a second monitor to use with my 7.2 STABLE workstation and my ati card using the following splitter: http://www.aria.co.uk/Products/Peripherals/Cabling/HDMI%2FMonitor+Cables/DVI+Splitter+Cable+?productId=17127 That looks like a simple splitter that will just send the same signal to both monitors. They would both display the same image, not an extended desktop. There is someone currently using any config like this? In this case can you tell me a little bit about the experience? My current GUI is KDE 3.5, and the Graphic card is a ATI HD7200, HD2700, maybe built into a notebook? -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
disable ACPI for mouse
Is it possible to disable ACPI support for one specific device? (/dev/psm) ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Anyone using two monitors as extended desktop under FreeBSD??
On Tue, Sep 29, 2009 at 9:03 AM, Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, Jeronimo Calvo wrote: Im thinking to get a second monitor to use with my 7.2 STABLE workstation and my ati card using the following splitter: http://www.aria.co.uk/Products/Peripherals/Cabling/HDMI%2FMonitor+Cables/DVI+Splitter+Cable+?productId=17127 That looks like a simple splitter that will just send the same signal to both monitors. They would both display the same image, not an extended desktop. That's what I thought too prior to hooking it up and trying it. Since then, I found DVI is able to detect separate output devices and send the appropriate signal to each device. There is someone currently using any config like this? In this case can you tell me a little bit about the experience? My current GUI is KDE 3.5, and the Graphic card is a ATI HD7200, HD2700, maybe built into a notebook? -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org -- Adam Vande More ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Swaping Fs (from ntfs to ufs), or ntfs3g?
On Tue, Sep 29, 2009 at 09:14:38AM +0100, Jeronimo Calvo wrote: great I will do a massive Cp as both fs are mounted under BSD, (ntfs just with read access)... should you suggest guy to do a normal #cp /media/DATAWIN /media/UFShd as there is no any soft and hard links on this partition... will be fine? Are their subdirectories that need copying too. If so, use the -R flag. You might want to do cp /media/DATAWIN/* /media/UFShd/. jerry Thanks! 2009/9/28 Jerry McAllister jerr...@msu.edu: On Mon, Sep 28, 2009 at 05:06:34PM +0100, Jeronimo Calvo wrote: Hi folks, Scenario: 3 hds, 1 of them with a NTFS partition and loads of media on it, I was thinking to activate ntfs3g under Freebsd 7.2 STABLE, but since Im having this partition since a while... and i will no need to have it on this FS, what you recommed for moving this partition into ufs format... to make it 100% reliable? what steps will you do? I would suggest you create the UFS filesystem, then tar up the files in the NTFS partition that you want to move and then untar that on the FreeBSD UFS (or UFS2) filesystem. You might have to install a tar utility on the MS system. You can also just mount the NTFS file system on FreeBSD and then do a massive copy of the files you want in to the UFS[2] filesystem. In both the case of doing a tar or a mass copy (cp) wildcards are good. Hopefully you have the files on the NTFS organized reasonably in directories. If you don't and they are interspersed with lots of files you do not want to copy, then it can get tedious but you can still do it. It will just need much more manual attention. jerry BR! ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Anyone using two monitors as extended desktop under FreeBSD??
Great! I didn know that DVI was that clever!!! thats great news, as a splitter for 6 is much cheaper than any other tool... Well the HD7200... is a PCI-E card... (not sure if is 7200 but is from HD7xxx series), with DVI. 2009/9/29 Adam Vande More amvandem...@gmail.com: On Tue, Sep 29, 2009 at 9:03 AM, Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, Jeronimo Calvo wrote: Im thinking to get a second monitor to use with my 7.2 STABLE workstation and my ati card using the following splitter: http://www.aria.co.uk/Products/Peripherals/Cabling/HDMI%2FMonitor+Cables/DVI+Splitter+Cable+?productId=17127 That looks like a simple splitter that will just send the same signal to both monitors. They would both display the same image, not an extended desktop. That's what I thought too prior to hooking it up and trying it. Since then, I found DVI is able to detect separate output devices and send the appropriate signal to each device. There is someone currently using any config like this? In this case can you tell me a little bit about the experience? My current GUI is KDE 3.5, and the Graphic card is a ATI HD7200, HD2700, maybe built into a notebook? -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org -- Adam Vande More ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: hardening guideline for Freebsd 7.2
center for internet security benchmarks; http://www.cisecurity.org/bench_freebsd.html On Sat, Sep 26, 2009 at 8:27 AM, Aflatoon Aflatooni aaflato...@yahoo.comwrote: Hi, Is there a hardening guideline for Freebsd 7.2? Thanks ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: hardening guideline for Freebsd 7.2
2009/9/29 doug schmidt douglas.j.schm...@gmail.com center for internet security benchmarks; http://www.cisecurity.org/bench_freebsd.html On Sat, Sep 26, 2009 at 8:27 AM, Aflatoon Aflatooni aaflato...@yahoo.com wrote: Hi, Is there a hardening guideline for Freebsd 7.2? Thanks ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org looks a bit old that guide does. Freebsd is actually fairly secure out of the box. What you need to establish is what kind of usage you are going to have. eg If you are going to be giving lots of people shell access, then what you will need to do will be quite different than if you were setting up an apache web server. Generally I would say just make sure there are no exploits for the services you are going to enable/install and put them into a jail. Write a decent pf ruleset for your needs. Above all though restrict access to the box to the bare minimum of what you can get away with ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Netwroked Storage
Hi all, For the past few months I have been researching methods to create a storage enclosure, perferably with out spending many 10s of k's of $'s. The intent here is to connect about 10 Web servers, each of them hosting about 200 domains, to a central storage system to house users home directories. I am still looking for feedback regarding what level of hardware ( how much RAM , cpu bus speed etc) people might be using for a similar setup. The end idea is to lead FreeBSD on the storage system, create one huge /home directory, export it via NFS and share that on all the Web machines. It might be worth noting that the Web machines host a full array of software, i.e. Mail, Web, MySQL, PHP etc. Does anyone use a similar setup? What kind of I/O bottlenecks are created? Any feedback would be welcome. -Grant ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: lacie external hard drive supported?
Bill Campbell wrote: On Sun, Sep 27, 2009, Dan Nelson wrote: In the last episode (Sep 26), Chris Whitehouse said: Hi all Does anyone have experience of a LaCie Hard Disk, Design by Neil Poulton eSATA, FireWire 400 Hi-Speed USB 2.0 1TB ? http://www.lacie.com/uk/products/product.htm?pid=11064 Are all the interfaces supported? The data sheet says it is supported under Linux. Does that mean it is safe to assume it is under FreeBSD? In general, you can assume that any SATA/SAS/firewire/usb hard drive will be supported. The only thing that might not be supported is RAID array management for the more expensive external units (you'll still be able to acess the data though). The LaCie drives typically come with utilities to make them painless to use in a Mac OS X environment, but these can be removed easily of one doesn't want to use them on OS X. We are using a 1TB LaCie quadra on Macs, and use the commercial iPartition software which allows one to manipulate the boot information to switch between PPC Mac and Intel as well as to make a wide variety of partitions (even including Xenix if I remember correctly :-). I haven't tried these with FreeBSD, but it appears that it would allow moving the drive between Macs and FreeBSD machines. I must say that I was impressed with the ability of iPartition and the commercial Mac SuperDuper backup program which allowed me to change the boot on the 1TB drive from booting on a PPC Mac to boot on an Intel without losing any data, and to resize existing partitions pretty painlessly as well. I use the word partition above in the Linux sense, which are generally referred to as slices in FreeBSD-land. Bill Thanks very much for replies guys, sounds like it is safe to buy Chris ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Disk Cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 02:32:33 +0100, RW rwmailli...@googlemail.com wrote:
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 02:22:31 +0200
Polytropon free...@edvax.de wrote:
doing 1:1 copies with dd is always possible and will
keep content identically; remember to copy the MBR separately
with bs=512 and count=1 from the /dev/ad{source} device.
Why?
As far as I understood, the MBR is 512 bytes at the beginning
of the disk. If you dd the disk with a bs != 512, it won't be
transferred correctly, because in relation to the disk size you
usually do something like bs=1m. So the commands would be:
# dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/mnt/ad0.mbr.dd bs=512 count=1
# dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/mnt/ad0.dd bs=1m
But I have to admit that I never tried it in reality. :-)
--
Polytropon
Magdeburg, Germany
Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0
Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...
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Re: Question about FreeBSD installation procedure
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 12:36:00 +0800 (WST), Bret Busby b...@busby.net wrote: See http://busby.net/bret/Screenshot--dev-sda-GParted.png I think I do understand. You have: 1. a primary DOS partition which contains a NTFS file system 2. an extended DOS partition containing subpartitions with an ext3 partition a linux swap partition a FAT32 logical volume three further ext3 partitions So you should have two slots of primary DOS partitions. It is, of course, assumed that the unallocated part is NOT subpart of sda2, but of the whole disk sda. However, with the response above, and, with all of the responses thus far, to the query, it appears that I cannot install FreeBSD on the computer, without a full system rebuild, involving removal of all of the installed operating systems and software from the computer, then repartitioning, or, slicing up, the hard drive, and then creating new logical, extended partitions, and then reinstalling each of the operating systems, and all of the software for each of the operating systems, trying to ensure that I then have at least all of the software that is currently installed on each operating system on the computer, and, the data that is currently present on the computer. I think you're wrong. The installation should work. In order to test, fire up the FreeBSD installer from the CD and enter the slice editor. See if you can create a new slice - no slice will actually be created. However, keep a working (!) and tested (!) backup of your data at hand. Just in case. You won't need it, but HAVE it. :-) Due to the time and effort involved, and the apparent complexity, it all seems too difficult, to install BSD. I always thought it was complicated to install operating systems that require extended DOS partitions and logical volumes for their OS partitioning... :-) If FreeBSD would be able to be installed in a logical partition, within an extended partition, as can be done with Linux, it would probably be able to be done by me - in the meantime, it is simply too difficult. At the moment, it can't. And due to the limitations that have artifically been brought into the PC world by DOS, I think it's sufficient for FreeBSD to require a primary DOS partition, i. e. its own slice, to be installed into. Honestly, I've never seen the need for extended DOS partitions. Let's say you intendedly want to run a multi-OS system, then you can install four systems, each one in its own slice, and within the slice, the partitiions, if needed and supported. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
RE: How to restore Base_Bind on amd64 7.2 p3
David Southwell пишет: Hi I installed bind96 without keeping base-bind and am now having problems with some ports not compiling. What is the simpliest way to restore the original system Base_Bind? Thanks in advance David ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org -Original Message- From: owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org [mailto:owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org] On Behalf Of ? Sent: 29 September 2009 03:52 To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: How to restore Base_Bind on amd64 7.2 p3 Исходное сообщение Тема: Re: How to restore Base_Bind on amd64 7.2 p3 - Дата: Tue, 29 Sep 2009 14:51:00 +0400 От: Алексеев Александр aleks...@rumonitor.ru Кому: David Southwell da...@vizion2000.net Ссылки: f26af28b92f447f7a85c19c38cbcf...@sleuth64 Please let me see the error messages that occur when you're building ports. What means base-bind? -- Alexandr A Alexeev http://www.unixcommunity.net/ By base-bind I mean the version of bind that is included in freebsd 7.2 operating system which is a version earlier than the latest Bind96. When installing bind96 and I did not keep base-bind. Now multiple ports give the following type of problem -this is just one example. ___ gnome-vfs-2.24.1_1 compile stops with message: === gnome-vfs-2.24.1_1 depends on shared library: pango-1.0.0 - found gnome-vfs-2.24.1_1: bind installed with PORT_REPLACES_BASE_BIOND causes build problems. *** error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/devel/gnome-vfs *** Error Code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/devel/gnome-vfs _ Thanks David ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Question about FreeBSD installation procedure
On 9/29/09, Polytropon free...@edvax.de wrote: snip Honestly, I've never seen the need for extended DOS partitions. Let's say you intendedly want to run a multi-OS system, then you can install four systems, each one in its own slice, and within the slice, the partitiions, if needed and supported. By using BSD jargon, I will describe some other limitations, some of which you may not yet have gone through: The OS installer is given the opportunity to partition for you. If you tell Linux to install it can create multiple slices, eating up your 4 slices. If you setup 2 windows OSs, the 2nd OS gets added as an extended DOS slice. The limitation of not installing BSD into an extended DOS partition is a good decision. It makes it difficult for the MBR code to dissect the extended DOS partition to find the boot sector. I am 100% for the requirement of a slice. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: NetGear WPN111 and FreeBSD 7.2
Thanks Warren, now how can I upgrade to 8 without destroying my current configuration? Leonardo M. Ramé http://leonardorame.blogspot.com --- On Tue, 9/29/09, Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote: From: Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com Subject: Re: NetGear WPN111 and FreeBSD 7.2 To: Leonardo M. Ramé martinr...@yahoo.com Cc: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Date: Tuesday, September 29, 2009, 9:56 AM On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, Leonardo M. Ram? wrote: Hi, I just bought an NetGear WPN111 USB Wireless adapter after reading the Wireless Networking section of the workbook, but unfortunately I can't make it work. I included this in my /boot/loader.conf: if_ath_load=YES wlan_scan_ap_load=YES wlan_scan_sta_load=YES wlan_wep_load=YES wlan_ccmp_load=YES wlan_tkip_load=YES The card is recognized as ugen1, but I can't do a ifconfig ugen1 up. Does anyone uses this card? The driver is uath, but it is apparently only in FreeBSD 8. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: How to restore Base_Bind on amd64 7.2 p3
David Southwell wrote: By base-bind I mean the version of bind that is included in freebsd 7.2 operating system which is a version earlier than the latest Bind96. When installing bind96 and I did not keep base-bind. Now multiple ports give the following type of problem -this is just one example. ___ gnome-vfs-2.24.1_1 compile stops with message: === gnome-vfs-2.24.1_1 depends on shared library: pango-1.0.0 - found gnome-vfs-2.24.1_1: bind installed with PORT_REPLACES_BASE_BIOND causes build problems. *** error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/devel/gnome-vfs *** Error Code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/devel/gnome-vfs _ You should be able to restore the bind from base by using the install.sh script in /usr/src/contrib/bind9. Deinstall the port first, though. Thanks David Cheers, Frank ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
sysctl kern.geom.debugflags ERROR when using Sysinstall to format HD (FreeBsd 7.2 STABLE)
Hi folks!! Trying to create a new Ufs on a HD using sysinstall. im getting the following error: ERROR: Unable to write data to disk ad10! │ │ │ │To edit the labels on a running system set │ │sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16 and try again any ideas? Cheers! ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: sysctl kern.geom.debugflags ERROR when using Sysinstall to format HD (FreeBsd 7.2 STABLE)
Jeronimo Calvo wrote: Hi folks!! Trying to create a new Ufs on a HD using sysinstall. im getting the following error: ERROR: Unable to write data to disk ad10! │ │ │ │To edit the labels on a running system set │ │sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16 and try again any ideas? At a guess, I'd say you need to set sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16 and try again... Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
RE: How to restore Base_Bind on amd64 7.2 p3
-Original Message- From: owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org [mailto:owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org] On Behalf Of Frank Steinborn Sent: 29 September 2009 11:47 To: David Southwell Cc: ' ?'; freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: How to restore Base_Bind on amd64 7.2 p3 David Southwell wrote: By base-bind I mean the version of bind that is included in freebsd 7.2 operating system which is a version earlier than the latest Bind96. When installing bind96 and I did not keep base-bind. Now multiple ports give the following type of problem -this is just one example. ___ gnome-vfs-2.24.1_1 compile stops with message: === gnome-vfs-2.24.1_1 depends on shared library: pango-1.0.0 - found gnome-vfs-2.24.1_1: bind installed with PORT_REPLACES_BASE_BIOND causes build problems. *** error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/devel/gnome-vfs *** Error Code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/devel/gnome-vfs _ You should be able to restore the bind from base by using the install.sh script in /usr/src/contrib/bind9. Deinstall the port first, though. ThanksI deinstalled the port and tried to run install-sh # sh install-sh and got the response: install: no input file specified Any chance you might make me a little wiser on how to use install-sh?\ Thanks David ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
problems with hal in freebsd 7.2 i386
I have several related problems with hald on 7.2 i386. First, on one machine (FreeBSD 7.2-RELEASE-p2), hald will not start at startup, nor by executing the startup script /usr/local/etc/rc.d/hald start. It doesn't exit with any error code: it simply produces no output at all, and ps -ax | grep hal shows that it didn't start. Incidentally, the dbus and cupsd scripts in the same directory also do nothing. On the other machine, however (FreeBSD 7.2-RELEASE), hald doesn't *build*. It errors out with: /usr/local/lib/libpolkit.so: undefined reference to `strn...@fbsd_1.1' gmake[4]: *** [hald] Error 1 gmake[4]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/sysutils/hal/work/hal-0.5.11/hald' gmake[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 gmake[3]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/sysutils/hal/work/hal-0.5.11/hald' gmake[2]: *** [all] Error 2 gmake[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/sysutils/hal/work/hal-0.5.11/hald' gmake[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 gmake[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/ports/sysutils/hal/work/hal-0.5.11' gmake: *** [all] Error 2 *** Error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/sysutils/hal. *** Error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/sysutils/hal. This machine was a new install from the 7.2 i386 CD, so to save time I used packages that had already been built on the first machine. All of these packages were built within a day of each other, from a previously updated ports tree with all previously installed packages removed. Xorg and hald and dbus and everything related installed just fine, and Xorg works, except that the mouse doesn't work, which I suspect is caused by hald not working. On this machine, the hald that was compiled on the first machine won't start, this time giving an error: r...@nimue /usr/local/etc/rc.d # ./hald start Starting hald. r...@nimue /usr/local/etc/rc.d # /libexec/ld-elf.so.1: /lib/libc.so.7: version FBSD_1.1 required by /usr/local/lib/libpolkit.so.2 not found Any thoughts? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Anyone using two monitors as extended desktop under FreeBSD??
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, Adam Vande More wrote: That looks like a simple splitter that will just send the same signal to both monitors. They would both display the same image, not an extended desktop. That's what I thought too prior to hooking it up and trying it. Since then, I found DVI is able to detect separate output devices and send the appropriate signal to each device. Interesting. The DVI pinout shows that it has two sets of digital signals, so this cable probably just splits them out to a connector each for link 1 and link 2. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
backups cloning
I am getting more and more confused with all the info regarding backing up and cloning or moving systems from disk to disk or computer to computer. I would like to do 2 things: 1. clone several instances of 7.2 from and existing installation 2. set up a backup script to back up changes either every night or once a week There are numerous solutions out there; but they are mostly confusing, erroneous or non functional. To start, could someone please explail to the the following, which I found here:http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=185 You can move system from disk to disk on fly with Code: $ newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a $ mount /dev/ad2s1a /target $ cd /target $ dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - you can do the same using sudo Code: $ sudo echo $ sudo dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | sudo restore -rf - This may be clear to someone; it certainly is not to me. As I understand it, newfs will (re)format the slice. Ok, But what is standard out in the above example. The dump is from where to where? Could someone clarify all this for me? So far, I have been unable to dump the / slice, not even with the -L option. I am trying to dump the whole system (all the slices)except swap to a usb (sata2 500gb disk) and then restore to another computer with 7.2 minimal installation. Slices ad2s1d,e,f and g dump ok to usb. a does not - errors (should use -L when dumping live filesystems) Do you have to newfs each slice before restoring? But if you are restoring on a running 7.2 system, don't you have to restore to another disk than the one the system is on? I am beginning to think that you have to have a system running and dumpt to another disk on that system and then remove that disk and install in another box and boot from that? Am I getting close? I know it's a lot to ask, but then, I know you guys are capable... :-) ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, PJ wrote: I am getting more and more confused with all the info regarding backing up and cloning or moving systems from disk to disk or computer to computer. I would like to do 2 things: 1. clone several instances of 7.2 from and existing installation 2. set up a backup script to back up changes either every night or once a week There are numerous solutions out there; but they are mostly confusing, erroneous or non functional. To start, could someone please explail to the the following, which I found here:http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=185 You can move system from disk to disk on fly with Code: $ newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a $ mount /dev/ad2s1a /target $ cd /target $ dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - This may be clear to someone; it certainly is not to me. As I understand it, newfs will (re)format the slice. Ok, But what is standard out in the above example. The dump is from where to where? dump is reading /dev/ad1s1a and using stdout for output. restore is writing to the current directory (/target) and is reading from stdin. Could someone clarify all this for me? So far, I have been unable to dump the / slice, not even with the -L option. It's hard to help without knowing the exact commands you are using and the errors they are producing. Help us to help you by posting them. I am trying to dump the whole system (all the slices)except swap to a usb (sata2 500gb disk) and then restore to another computer with 7.2 minimal installation. A minimal install makes it easier. You don't need to copy /tmp, either. Slices ad2s1d,e,f and g dump ok to usb. a does not - errors (should use -L when dumping live filesystems) Right. So what happens when you use -L? A long pause while the system makes a snapshot is normal. Do you have to newfs each slice before restoring? The first time. But your minimal install already did that for you. But if you are restoring on a running 7.2 system, don't you have to restore to another disk than the one the system is on? Nope. You can overwrite the running system. I restore in /usr, /var, and then / order. Then reboot and you are running the new clone. I am beginning to think that you have to have a system running and dumpt to another disk on that system and then remove that disk and install in another box and boot from that? Am I getting close? I know it's a lot to ask, but then, I know you guys are capable... :-) It's usually best to limit messages to a single question. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Disk Cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, RW wrote:
On Mon, 28 Sep 2009 20:08:43 -0600 (MDT)
Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote:
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, RW wrote:
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 02:22:31 +0200
Polytropon free...@edvax.de wrote:
doing 1:1 copies with dd is always possible and will
keep content identically; remember to copy the MBR separately
with bs=512 and count=1 from the /dev/ad{source} device.
Why?
Because it contains the partition table.
Right, but why separately, rather than with the rest of the disk?
For me, it would be because dealing with an individual 512-byte
partition table file is easier than decompressing a multi-gigabyte image
file to get at the first 512 bytes.
-Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA
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Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 19:44:38 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: This may be clear to someone; it certainly is not to me. As I understand it, newfs will (re)format the slice. No. The newfs program does create a new file system. In other terminology, this can be called a formatting process. Note that NOT a slice, but a PARTITION is subject to this process. So # newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a does format the first partition (a) of the first slice (s1) of the third disk (ad2). Ok, But what is standard out in the above example. The dump is from where to where? According to the command # dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - you need to understand that the main purpose of dump is to dump unmounted (!) file systems to the system's tape drive. Assuming nobody uses tape drives anymore, you need to specify another file, which is the standard output in this case, which may not be obvious, but it is if we reorder the command line: # dump -0 -L - a -u -f - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -r -f - You can see that -f - specifies - to be the file to backup to. The backup comes from /dev/ad1s1a. The restore program, on the other side of the | pipe, does usually read from the system's tape drive. But in this case, it reads from standard input as the -f - command line option indicates. It restores the data to where the working directory at the moment is. Here's an example (ad1 is source disk, ad2 is target disk): # newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a # mount /dev/ad2s1a /mnt # cd /mnt # dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - Could someone clarify all this for me? Hopefully hereby done. :-) So far, I have been unable to dump the / slice, not even with the -L option. Always keep in mind: Use dump only on unmounted partitions. I am trying to dump the whole system (all the slices)except swap to a usb (sata2 500gb disk) and then restore to another computer with 7.2 minimal installation. I think that's not possible because dump operates on file system level, which means on partitions, not on slices. Slices ad2s1d,e,f and g dump ok to usb. a does not - errors (should use -L when dumping live filesystems) Keep an eye on terminology, you're swapping them here: The devices ad2s1[defg] are partitions, not slices. The corresponding slice that holds them is ad2s1. Anyway, if you can, don't dump mounted file systems. Go into single user mode, mount / as ro, and run dump + restore. If you can, use a live system from CD, DVD or USB, which makes things easier. Do you have to newfs each slice before restoring? Partitions. You don't have to newfs them once they are formatted. It's just the usual way to ensure they are free of any data. But if you are restoring on a running 7.2 system, don't you have to restore to another disk than the one the system is on? I don't understand this question right... if you're using a running system for dump + restore - which is the system you want to be the source system, then do it in minimal condition. SUM is the most convenient way to do that, with all partitions unmounted, and only / in read-only mode so you can access the dump and restore binaries. I am beginning to think that you have to have a system running and dumpt to another disk on that system and then remove that disk and install in another box and boot from that? Am I getting close? Again, I'm not sure I understood you correctly. If you've done the dump + restore correctly, you always end up with a bootable system, so you can boot it in another box. Dumping and restoring just requires a running system, no matter if it is the source system itself or a live system from CD, DVD or USB. (I prefer tools like FreeSBIE for such tasks, but the FreeBSD live system CD is fine, too.) As far as I now understood, you don't want to clone from source disk to target disk, but use a USB transfer disk; in this case, you first need to clone onto this disk, and then use it in the other computers to fill their disks with the copy you made from your master system. As a sidenote, it's worth mentioning that this can be achieved in an easier way: You create a minimal bootable FreeBSD on this USB disk, in case your computers can boot from it; if not, use a live system to boot the computers. Then, format the USB disk with only one file system (e. g. /dev/da0) and put dump files onto it, so they are available then as /mnt/root.dump, tmp.dump, var.dump, usr.dump and home.dump. Instead of using -f - for the dump and restore program, use those file names. I know it's a lot to ask, but then, I know you guys are capable... :-) If you still have questions, try to ask them as precise as possible. I may add that this list is the most friendly and intelligent community to ask, so you're definitely at the right place here. To illustrate a dump and restore process that involves several partitions, just let me add this example: Stage 1: Initialize slice and partitions
Re: Disk Cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 18:15:00 -0600 (MDT), Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote: For me, it would be because dealing with an individual 512-byte partition table file is easier than decompressing a multi-gigabyte image file to get at the first 512 bytes. There is a point where a dd copy of the MBR is quite useful, this is when some MICROS~1 system messed up the MBR and you just want to restore it as it was - when it was completely fine. :-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Wed, 30 Sep 2009, Polytropon wrote: So far, I have been unable to dump the / slice, not even with the -L option. Always keep in mind: Use dump only on unmounted partitions. That is unnecessary. The -L option is there just for dumping mounted filesystems. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
Warren Block wrote: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, PJ wrote: I am getting more and more confused with all the info regarding backing up and cloning or moving systems from disk to disk or computer to computer. I would like to do 2 things: 1. clone several instances of 7.2 from and existing installation 2. set up a backup script to back up changes either every night or once a week There are numerous solutions out there; but they are mostly confusing, erroneous or non functional. To start, could someone please explail to the the following, which I found here:http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=185 You can move system from disk to disk on fly with Code: $ newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a $ mount /dev/ad2s1a /target $ cd /target $ dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - This may be clear to someone; it certainly is not to me. As I understand it, newfs will (re)format the slice. Ok, But what is standard out in the above example. The dump is from where to where? dump is reading /dev/ad1s1a and using stdout for output. restore is writing to the current directory (/target) and is reading from stdin. But what does that mean? But ad2s1a has just been newfs'd - so how can it be dumped if its been formatted? And what exactly does stdout mean? What is dump doing? outputting what to where exactly? I don't see it or should I say, understand this at all.and then the restore is from what to where? Could someone clarify all this for me? So far, I have been unable to dump the / slice, not even with the -L option. It's hard to help without knowing the exact commands you are using and the errors they are producing. Help us to help you by posting them. I am trying to dump the whole system (all the slices)except swap to a usb (sata2 500gb disk) and then restore to another computer with 7.2 minimal installation. A minimal install makes it easier. You don't need to copy /tmp, either. Slices ad2s1d,e,f and g dump ok to usb. a does not - errors (should use -L when dumping live filesystems) Right. So what happens when you use -L? write error 10 blocks into volume 1 do you want to restart: The first time I tried with -L the error was 20 blocks... Both the slices for dump from and to are same size (2gb) and certainly not full by a long shot ( if I reccall correctly, only about 14% is used) A long pause while the system makes a snapshot is normal. And what's this about a snapshot? AFAIK, I'm not making a snapshot; anyway, there is no long pause except for the dumb look on my face upon seeing these messages. As it is, I am currently erasing the brand new 500gb disk on which I want to restore. Things started out really bad... don't u;nderstand what is going on. I installed a minimal 7.2, booted up and turned to another computer to do some serious work. About 2 hours and 49 minutes later I notice messages on the 7.2 about a page fault or something like that and then the system reboots. Obviously with errors... but then I reboot again and it comes up... I tried som copying from another disk and ended up with the disk all screwed up... yet the Seagate Seatools for Dos doesnt find any errors on it; Partition magic found an error but couldn't fix it, so now Im wiping the whole thing and will try to reinstall tomorrow. Doesn't make sense. Do you have to newfs each slice before restoring? The first time. But your minimal install already did that for you. But if you are restoring on a running 7.2 system, don't you have to restore to another disk than the one the system is on? Nope. You can overwrite the running system. I restore in /usr, /var, and then / order. Then reboot and you are running the new clone. I am beginning to think that you have to have a system running and dumpt to another disk on that system and then remove that disk and install in another box and boot from that? Am I getting close? I know it's a lot to ask, but then, I know you guys are capable... :-) It's usually best to limit messages to a single question. Sure, I agree... but when things are really complicated... I, at least, don't know how to separate them when they are quite interdependent. Thanks for responding. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
$ newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a $ mount /dev/ad2s1a /target $ cd /target $ dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - [...] But what does that mean? But ad2s1a has just been newfs'd - so how can Thats ad*1*s1a that has just been formatted, not ad2... Best, Olivier ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Netwroked Storage
Grant Peel wrote: The intent here is to connect about 10 Web servers, each of them hosting about 200 domains, to a central storage system to house users home directories. It might be worth noting that the Web machines host a full array of software, i.e. Mail, Web, MySQL, PHP etc. I don't have an answer, bu I have a question, probably a naive one and even slightly OT.. If the 200 domains are hosting MySQL driven web applications (let's say 200 Wordpress), then perhaps they are connecting to the very same MySQL instance, so ALL their databases are in the same mysql_dbdir, and perhaps the dbdir is /var/db/mysql... So: how do you deal things like that with MySQL driven web applications? How are you going to deal the mysql_dbdir issue? NFS perhaps is not the best filesystem for MySQL tables (performance-wise)... Are you going to 'mysqldump' the databases back in each home dir? Periodically? And keep the databases on the local disks? -- Mauro Rezzonico ma...@ch23.org, Como, Italia Maybe this world is another planet's hell - H.Huxley ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Netwroked Storage
Hi, For the past few months I have been researching methods to create a storage enclosure, perferably with out spending many 10s of k's of $'s. You can asemble the machine yourself, I have put up a storage (for back-up, slow SATA disks, 7.5 TB, only one quad core AMD 1.9 GHz and 4GB RAM) for 2K$. You can consider running freenas, based on FreeBSD, on the system. Best, Olivier ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 19:09:51 -0600 (MDT), Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote: On Wed, 30 Sep 2009, Polytropon wrote: So far, I have been unable to dump the / slice, not even with the -L option. Always keep in mind: Use dump only on unmounted partitions. That is unnecessary. The -L option is there just for dumping mounted filesystems. You're right, but -L does require a certain time to create the snapshot. Of course that's not problematic when you need to do this only once. In other situations, especially when you're able to boot from something else than the system you want to clone, using the pure unmounted partitions is more convenient. This is only my very individual opinion. :-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 21:26:19 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: But what does that mean? But ad2s1a has just been newfs'd - so how can it be dumped if its been formatted? When you're working on this low level, triple-check all your commands. Failure to do so can cause data loss. In the example you presented, ad1 was the source disk, ad2 the target disk. You DON'T want to newfs your source disk. And what exactly does stdout mean? This refers to the standard output. In most cases, this is the terminal, the screen, such as # cat /etc/fstab will write the /etc/fstab to stdout. If you redirect it, for example by using or |, you can make stdout a file, or the input - stdin - for another program. This is how the dump | restore process works: It leaves out the use the tape or use the file, but instead directs the output of dump - the dump itself - to the restore program as input to be restored. What is dump doing? outputting what to where exactly? The dump program is outputting a dump of the specified partition to the standard output, which in this case is directly trans- mitted to the restore program, which picks it up and processes it = restores it. I don't see it or should I say, understand this at all. Have a look at the command line again, simplified: # dump -0 -f - /dev/ad0s1a | restore -r -f - Run the dump program, do a full backup of the 1st partition of the 1st slice of the 1st disk, write this dump to the standard output, pipe this output to the restore program, do a full restore, read the dump to be restored from standard input. and then the restore is from what to where? The restore program gets the dump to be restored from the standard input - remember, that's the output of the dump program - and writes it to the current working directory. That's the reason why you should always check with # pwd in which directory you're currently located, because that will be the place where the restored data will appear. write error 10 blocks into volume 1 do you want to restart: Could you present the command you're actually using, especially with where you issued it from? The first time I tried with -L the error was 20 blocks... Both the slices for dump from and to are same size (2gb) and certainly not full by a long shot ( if I reccall correctly, only about 14% is used) I'm not sure where you put the dump file. Write error seems to indicate one of the following problems: a) The snapshot cannot be created. b) The dump file cannot be created. And what's this about a snapshot? AFAIK, I'm not making a snapshot; anyway, there is no long pause except for the dumb look on my face upon seeing these messages. Check man dump and search for the -L option. The dump program, in order to obtain a dump from a file system that's currently in use, will need to make a snapshot because it cannot handle data that is changing. So it will dump the data with the state of the snapshot, allowing the file system to be altered afterwards. As it is, I am currently erasing the brand new 500gb disk on which I want to restore. Excellent. Things started out really bad... don't u;nderstand what is going on. Polite question: Have you read the manpages and the section in the Handbook? I installed a minimal 7.2, booted up and turned to another computer to do some serious work. About 2 hours and 49 minutes later I notice messages on the 7.2 about a page fault or something like that and then the system reboots. This often indicates a hardware problem... Obviously with errors... but then I reboot again and it comes up... I tried som copying from another disk and ended up with the disk all screwed up... How that? yet the Seagate Seatools for Dos doesnt find any errors on it; There's smartmontools (program: smartctl) for FreeBSD in the ports. It can check various errors of modern hard disks. Partition magic found an error but couldn't fix it, so now Im wiping the whole thing and will try to reinstall tomorrow. Doesn't make sense. What error was this? -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
You are a Master among masters... extraordianry understanding of the genre and ver, very clear explanations... I guess my filter between the brain and the computer is a bit foggy... :-( I really appreciate your explanations. But I still have a couple of small questions below... Polytropon wrote: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 19:44:38 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: This may be clear to someone; it certainly is not to me. As I understand it, newfs will (re)format the slice. No. The newfs program does create a new file system. In other terminology, this can be called a formatting process. Note that NOT a slice, but a PARTITION is subject to this process. So # newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a does format the first partition (a) of the first slice (s1) of the third disk (ad2). Ok, But what is standard out in the above example. The dump is from where to where? According to the command # dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - you need to understand that the main purpose of dump is to dump unmounted (!) file systems to the system's tape drive. Assuming nobody uses tape drives anymore, you need to specify another file, which is the standard output in this case, which may not be obvious, but it is if we reorder the command line: # dump -0 -L - a -u -f - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -r -f - You can see that -f - specifies - to be the file to backup to. The backup comes from /dev/ad1s1a. The restore program, on the other side of the | pipe, does usually read from the system's tape drive. But in this case, it reads from standard input as the -f - command line option indicates. It restores the data to where the working directory at the moment is. Here's an example (ad1 is source disk, ad2 is target disk): # newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a # mount /dev/ad2s1a /mnt # cd /mnt # dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - Could someone clarify all this for me? Hopefully hereby done. :-) I feel a bit stupid, as usual, my carelessness led me to miss the difference between ad1 and ad2... dumb, dumb, dumb. Ok, so I see that this works if you have two different drives on the same machine... But... 2 questions: 1. will the s1a slice dump the entire system, that is, the a, d, e, f and g slices or is it partitions? So far, I have been unable to dump the / slice, not even with the -L option. Always keep in mind: Use dump only on unmounted partitions. I am trying to dump the whole system (all the slices)except swap to a usb (sata2 500gb disk) and then restore to another computer with 7.2 minimal installation. I think that's not possible because dump operates on file system level, which means on partitions, not on slices. I've been very confused with the slices/partitions. I meant above, to dump the whole slice - but I guess that it has to be done with the partitions. Slices ad2s1d,e,f and g dump ok to usb. a does not - errors (should use -L when dumping live filesystems) and when I do dump -0Laf /dev /ad1s1a /dev/da0s1a the errors are write error 10 blocks into volume 1 do you want to restart: The first time I tried with -L the error was 20 blocks... Both the slices for dump from and to are same size (2gb) and certainly not full by a long shot ( if I reccall correctly, only about 14% is used) Keep an eye on terminology, you're swapping them here: The devices ad2s1[defg] are partitions, not slices. The corresponding slice that holds them is ad2s1. Sorry; now it's getting clearer. Anyway, if you can, don't dump mounted file systems. Go into single user mode, mount / as ro, and run dump + restore. If you can, use a live system from CD, DVD or USB, which makes things easier. Do you have to newfs each slice before restoring? Partitions. You don't have to newfs them once they are formatted. It's just the usual way to ensure they are free of any data. But if you are restoring on a running 7.2 system, don't you have to restore to another disk than the one the system is on? I don't understand this question right... if you're using a running system for dump + restore - which is the system you want to be the source system, then do it in minimal condition. SUM is the most convenient way to do that, with all partitions unmounted, and only / in read-only mode so you can access the dump and restore binaries. I am beginning to think that you have to have a system running and dumpt to another disk on that system and then remove that disk and install in another box and boot from that? Am I getting close? Again, I'm not sure I understood you correctly. If you've done the dump + restore correctly, you always end up with a bootable system, so you can boot it in another box. Dumping and restoring just requires a running system, no matter if it is the source system itself or a live system from CD, DVD or USB. (I prefer tools like FreeSBIE for such tasks, but the FreeBSD live system CD is fine, too.) As far as I now understood, you don't want to clone from source disk to
Re: backups cloning
Olivier Nicole wrote: $ newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a $ mount /dev/ad2s1a /target $ cd /target $ dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - [...] But what does that mean? But ad2s1a has just been newfs'd - so how can Thats ad*1*s1a that has just been formatted, not ad2... Best, Olivier Thanks for that. It took me a while to see that. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
Polytropon wrote: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 21:26:19 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: But what does that mean? But ad2s1a has just been newfs'd - so how can it be dumped if its been formatted? When you're working on this low level, triple-check all your commands. Failure to do so can cause data loss. In the example you presented, ad1 was the source disk, ad2 the target disk. You DON'T want to newfs your source disk. And what exactly does stdout mean? This refers to the standard output. In most cases, this is the terminal, the screen, such as # cat /etc/fstab will write the /etc/fstab to stdout. If you redirect it, for example by using or |, you can make stdout a file, or the input - stdin - for another program. This is how the dump | restore process works: It leaves out the use the tape or use the file, but instead directs the output of dump - the dump itself - to the restore program as input to be restored. What is dump doing? outputting what to where exactly? The dump program is outputting a dump of the specified partition to the standard output, which in this case is directly trans- mitted to the restore program, which picks it up and processes it = restores it. I don't see it or should I say, understand this at all. Have a look at the command line again, simplified: # dump -0 -f - /dev/ad0s1a | restore -r -f - Run the dump program, do a full backup of the 1st partition of the 1st slice of the 1st disk, write this dump to the standard output, pipe this output to the restore program, do a full restore, read the dump to be restored from standard input. and then the restore is from what to where? The restore program gets the dump to be restored from the standard input - remember, that's the output of the dump program - and writes it to the current working directory. That's the reason why you should always check with # pwd in which directory you're currently located, because that will be the place where the restored data will appear. write error 10 blocks into volume 1 do you want to restart: Could you present the command you're actually using, especially with where you issued it from? Duh I think I see where this is leading... I'm pretty sure it was issued from / which makes it redundant, right? I should have issued it from somewhere else, like from home, usr or whatever but not from / as that is what I was trying to dump :-[ The first time I tried with -L the error was 20 blocks... Both the slices for dump from and to are same size (2gb) and certainly not full by a long shot ( if I reccall correctly, only about 14% is used) I'm not sure where you put the dump file. Write error seems to indicate one of the following problems: a) The snapshot cannot be created. b) The dump file cannot be created. And what's this about a snapshot? AFAIK, I'm not making a snapshot; anyway, there is no long pause except for the dumb look on my face upon seeing these messages. Check man dump and search for the -L option. The dump program, in order to obtain a dump from a file system that's currently in use, will need to make a snapshot because it cannot handle data that is changing. So it will dump the data with the state of the snapshot, allowing the file system to be altered afterwards. As it is, I am currently erasing the brand new 500gb disk on which I want to restore. Excellent. Things started out really bad... don't u;nderstand what is going on. Polite question: Have you read the manpages and the section in the Handbook? Yes... but my brain can't handle it all so quickly... and being as impatient as I am, I tend to miss things on the run... it usually comes to me sooner or later... unfortunately, it's more often later than sooner... I've been reading the stuff in the man pages, and getting more confused by googling... Actually, I've been trying to get things straightened ot for at least 3 days already. I installed a minimal 7.2, booted up and turned to another computer to do some serious work. About 2 hours and 49 minutes later I notice messages on the 7.2 about a page fault or something like that and then the system reboots. This often indicates a hardware problem... Well, that's why I'm really checking my new disk... but it could be the motherboard... I've always suspected it had something of a glitch in it ever since I got it... I don't think just a slower cpu should give it so many problems... a twin computer has the same hardware except for the cpu and it gives far less problems - only MS related. Obviously with errors... but then I reboot again and it comes up... I tried som copying from another disk and ended up with the disk all screwed up... How that? yet the Seagate Seatools for Dos doesnt find any errors on it;
eSpeak??
PEople, Can anybody clue me in on using eSpeak with OOo? Be greak to have a plugin for OO? Also, how do I choose different Voices than the default? thanks much, gary -- Gary Kline kl...@thought.org http://www.thought.org Public Service Unix http://jottings.thought.org http://transfinite.thought.org The 5.67a release of Jottings: http://jottings.thought.org/index.php ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 22:23:00 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: I feel a bit stupid, as usual, my carelessness led me to miss the difference between ad1 and ad2... dumb, dumb, dumb. As long as you realize it BEFORE any writing operation, it's no problem. Keep in mind that the numbering of ad*, as well as of da* (which your USB disk will probably show up as) depends on the position of the drive on the ATA controller, e. g. primary master - /dev/ad0 primary slave- /dev/ad1 secondary master - /dev/ad2 secondary slave - /dev/ad3 ... This numbering sceme even does take place if you're using the master channels only, so in this example you would have the ad0 and ad2 drives, no matter if ad1 is present or not. But... 2 questions: 1. will the s1a slice dump the entire system, that is, the a, d, e, f and g slices or is it partitions? As far as I remember, you cannot dump slices. You can dump partitions only, or, in other words, the dump program does operate on file systems (and those are represented by one partition per file system). If you want to duplicate slice-wise, dd should be used, such as the following example: # dd if=/dev/ad0s1 of=/mnt/usb/slice1.dd bs=1m If you want to duplicate partition-wise, you need to dump and restore each partition, just as my verbose example showed. I've been very confused with the slices/partitions. The term slice refers to what MICROS~1 calls DOS primary partitions in the widest sense. Due to DOS limitations, PCs do only support 4 slices per disk. The term partition refers to a sub-area inside a FreeBSD slice. Partitions can be used to separate functional subtrees partition-wise. Of course, I often see settings where there's only one partition on the slice, that's a common thing. I meant above, to dump the whole slice - but I guess that it has to be done with the partitions. Partitions: use dump + restore Slices: use dd Whole disks: use dd and when I do dump -0Laf /dev /ad1s1a /dev/da0s1a the errors are write error 10 blocks into volume 1 do you want to restart: Okay, everything is clear now. Just interpret the dump command: dump full snapshot autosize output=/dev /ad1s1a First of all, /ad1s1a does not exist. Then, /dev/da0s1a is ignored. The command doesn't make sense. The syntax of dump can be simplified as follows: dump (other options) -f outputfile inputdevice Note that outputfile can be - (the standard output) which can then be redirected somewhere else. At this position, I need to ask you: What are you trying to do? a) I want to dump ad1s1a as it is onto the disk that is da0. b) I want to dump ad1s1a as a file on the disk that is da0. Let's take a) first. I assume you have prepared the disk da0 as shown in my earlier example, or you simply have used sysinstall to create a slice on the disk and partitions inside the slice that are big enough to hold the data you want to transfer to them. Check their existance: # ll /dev/ad0* /dev/da0* The listing should give you similar slices and partitions both for the source and the target disk. First you mount the target disk and change the working directory to it: # mount /dev/da0s1a /mnt # cd /mnt Now you dump from your ad0 disk to where you currently are: # dump -0 -L -a -u -f - /dev/ad0s1a | restore -r -f - Proceed with the other partitions. Mount them, change into their mountpoints that are now relative to /mnt (e. g. /mnt/var, /mnt/home) and repeat this command, substituting the source /dev/ad0s1[defg]. Finally, change back to / and umount everything in a successive way, sync, done. For case b) it's much easier. When you want to create data files, you don't need to slice / partition your USB disk, just newfs and mount it: # newfs /dev/da0 # mount /dev/da0 /mnt Now you can create all the data files for the different partitions: # dump -0 -L -a -u -f /mnt/root.dump /dev/ad0s1a # dump -0 -L -a -u -f /mnt/tmp.dump /dev/ad0s1d # dump -0 -L -a -u -f /mnt/var.dump /dev/ad0s1e # dump -0 -L -a -u -f /mnt/usr.dump /dev/ad0s1f # dump -0 -L -a -u -f /mnt/home.dump /dev/ad0s1g The first time I tried with -L the error was 20 blocks... Both the slices for dump from and to are same size (2gb) and certainly not full by a long shot ( if I reccall correctly, only about 14% is used) As far as I see, the command line just was wrong. why into SUM? The idea behind doing dump / restore in SUM is - in addition with unmounted partitions - to ensure that no write access disturbes the reading process from the partitions. Of course, it's possible to use -L and stay in MUM. I'm really the only user and I usually stay as root It's valid to perform dump / restore as root. if SUM, shouldn't the # below be $? No. The # indicates root permissions in any shell. The $ indicates non-root access
Re: backups cloning
Forgot to mention this: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 22:23:00 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: 1. will the s1a slice dump the entire system, that is, the a, d, e, f and g slices or is it partitions? The ad0s1 slice (containing the a, d, e, f and g partitions) can be copied 1:1 with dd. By using dump + restore, the partitions need to be copied after another. In each case, the entire system will be copied. For this purpose, even the long lasting # dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/dev/da0 bs=1m # dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/dev/da0 bs=512 count=1 method can be used. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 22:48:30 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: Duh I think I see where this is leading... I'm pretty sure it was issued from / which makes it redundant, right? I should have issued it from somewhere else, like from home, usr or whatever but not from / as that is what I was trying to dump :-[ The working directory does only matter to the restore command. The dump command just cares for the partition name. In order to find out what partition corresponds with which subtree, check /etc/fstab or run the # mount /dev/ad0s1a on / (ufs, local) /dev/ad0s1d on /tmp (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad0s1e on /var (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad0s1f on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad0s1g on /export/home (ufs, local, soft-updates) command, as in the example above. Yes... but my brain can't handle it all so quickly... and being as impatient as I am, I tend to miss things on the run... it usually comes to me sooner or later... unfortunately, it's more often later than sooner... As long as it doesn't damage your data, it's no real problem. I've been reading the stuff in the man pages, and getting more confused by googling... FreeBSD has far the best documentation among operating systems I've come around. The manpages give a good overview, and the handbook illustrates many daily procedures with examples. Actually, I've been trying to get things straightened ot for at least 3 days already. Maybe this pattern can help you understanding the strange piping dump into restore command: # cd targetdir # dump -0 -L -a -u -f - sourcepartition | restore -r -f - It's not that complicated, but you have to be SURE about certain things. Well, that's why I'm really checking my new disk... but it could be the motherboard... I've always suspected it had something of a glitch in it ever since I got it... I don't think just a slower cpu should give it so many problems... a twin computer has the same hardware except for the cpu and it gives far less problems - only MS related. You should consider checking some basic stuff, such as running a memtest CD or building world + kernel (just for testing purposes, load generating, and CPU utilization; GENERIC kernel will be fine). Something about a boot sector - this is not the first time I have seen this identical error but on much older hdd's, though still satas. This does make me think that these problems are of hardware origin - motherboard or sata connectors - I find they are rather Disneyesque (Mickey Mouse) or just plain flimsy. In this case, you should install the smartctl program by running # pkg_add -r smartmontools or installing them via ports by running # cd /usr/ports/sysutils/smartmontools # make install clean Then run the # smartctl -a da0 command to check the disk. Refer to # man smartctl for other options that can help to identify possible hardware errors. Time to hit the sack... another day of computer frustration coming up... Doesn't have to be. I'm under pressure to lear Flash and have to set up a reliable server to test a site I am designing and setting up. Have to do it myself... can't afford about anything today. :-( You're learning things this way, and that's what makes our service so expensive - because we know so much. :-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, PJ wrote: $ newfs -U /dev/ad2s1a $ mount /dev/ad2s1a /target $ cd /target $ dump -0Lauf - /dev/ad1s1a | restore -rf - dump is reading /dev/ad1s1a and using stdout for output. restore is writing to the current directory (/target) and is reading from stdin. But what does that mean? But ad2s1a has just been newfs'd No. Exact details are extremely important here. ad2 is the target, dump is reading ad1. And what exactly does stdout mean? What is dump doing? outputting what to where exactly? I don't see it or should I say, understand this at all.and then the restore is from what to where? The man page system is there to help you with this. man dump and man restore show examples. man stdout will help explain that. Trying to do advanced operations without understanding these basics is going to be difficult, frustrating, and ultimately dangerous to your data. A long pause while the system makes a snapshot is normal. And what's this about a snapshot? AFAIK, I'm not making a snapshot; But you are. That's what the -L option to dump means, as described in the man page. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Wed, 30 Sep 2009, Polytropon wrote: Forgot to mention this: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 22:23:00 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: 1. will the s1a slice dump the entire system, that is, the a, d, e, f and g slices or is it partitions? The ad0s1 slice (containing the a, d, e, f and g partitions) can be copied 1:1 with dd. By using dump + restore, the partitions need to be copied after another. In each case, the entire system will be copied. For this purpose, even the long lasting # dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/dev/da0 bs=1m This copies everything on the disk, including sectors not used by a filesystem. So it usually takes a while. # dd if=/dev/ad0 of=/dev/da0 bs=512 count=1 Not necessary, the first block was already copied, well, first. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Wed, 30 Sep 2009, Polytropon wrote: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 22:48:30 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: Duh I think I see where this is leading... I'm pretty sure it was issued from / which makes it redundant, right? I should have issued it from somewhere else, like from home, usr or whatever but not from / as that is what I was trying to dump :-[ The working directory does only matter to the restore command. The dump command just cares for the partition name. In order to find out what partition corresponds with which subtree, check /etc/fstab or run the # mount /dev/ad0s1a on / (ufs, local) /dev/ad0s1d on /tmp (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad0s1e on /var (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad0s1f on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad0s1g on /export/home (ufs, local, soft-updates) command, as in the example above. Why make it harder than it needs to be? Call it / or /var or /usr instead of /dev/ad0s1whatever. dump will handle it. It's built for that. If it's a live filesystem, add -L. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/backup-basics.html#AEN25814 -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 21:37:50 -0600 (MDT), Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote: Why make it harder than it needs to be? Call it / or /var or /usr instead of /dev/ad0s1whatever. dump will handle it. This works without problems as long as it is running from the system to be copied. In case you use a live system, it doesn't know anything about the associations between devices and the mountpoints; this information is, as far as I know, obtained via /etc/fstab. This is important to know especially if the source and target disk have different layouts and concepts, e. g. /dev/ad0s1d = /var - /dev/da0s1e = /var (different partition names for same subtree). -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009, Warren Block wrote: On Wed, 30 Sep 2009, Polytropon wrote: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 22:48:30 -0400, PJ af.gour...@videotron.ca wrote: Duh I think I see where this is leading... I'm pretty sure it was issued from / which makes it redundant, right? I should have issued it from somewhere else, like from home, usr or whatever but not from / as that is what I was trying to dump :-[ The working directory does only matter to the restore command. The dump command just cares for the partition name. In order to find out what partition corresponds with which subtree, check /etc/fstab or run the # mount /dev/ad0s1a on / (ufs, local) /dev/ad0s1d on /tmp (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad0s1e on /var (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad0s1f on /usr (ufs, local, soft-updates) /dev/ad0s1g on /export/home (ufs, local, soft-updates) command, as in the example above. Why make it harder than it needs to be? Call it / or /var or /usr instead of /dev/ad0s1whatever. dump will handle it. It's built for that. If it's a live filesystem, add -L. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/backup-basics.html#AEN25814 Just to add a possibly more relevant example from the FAQ: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/disks.html#NEW-HUGE-DISK That example has the user connect the new disk to the old system. That works, but I've always felt it's too easy to get the disks mixed up and write to the wrong one. So usually I back up /, /var, and /usr to files on a USB disk or sshfs. Then I switch to the new target system, booting it with a FreeBSD disk and doing a minimal install. That makes sure the MBR is installed, gives me a chance to set all the filesystem sizes, and newfses them. Then I restore from the dump files created earlier, over the running system. First /usr, then /var, then /. On reboot, it's a clone. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Wed, 30 Sep 2009, Polytropon wrote: On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 21:37:50 -0600 (MDT), Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote: Why make it harder than it needs to be? Call it / or /var or /usr instead of /dev/ad0s1whatever. dump will handle it. This works without problems as long as it is running from the system to be copied. In case you use a live system, it doesn't know anything about the associations between devices and the mountpoints; this information is, as far as I know, obtained via /etc/fstab. This is important to know especially if the source and target disk have different layouts and concepts, e. g. /dev/ad0s1d = /var - /dev/da0s1e = /var (different partition names for same subtree). Yes, you're right. I only realized that after sending... so I just sent an additional message. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: backups cloning
On Tue, 29 Sep 2009 21:49:01 -0600 (MDT), Warren Block wbl...@wonkity.com wrote: So usually I back up /, /var, and /usr to files on a USB disk or sshfs. Then I switch to the new target system, booting it with a FreeBSD disk and doing a minimal install. That makes sure the MBR is installed, gives me a chance to set all the filesystem sizes, and newfses them. Similar here. In most cases, the FreeBSD live system is completely sufficient: run sysinstall, slice, boot loader, partitions, drop to shell; mount USB stick, restore from files located there. For automated cloning, there are good examples around that let you boot from DVD or USB stick / USB hard disk and automatically prepare the source disk, then restoring from files. This is a common method especially via SSH, so a local media is needed only for booting and maybe for preparing. Then I restore from the dump files created earlier, over the running system. First /usr, then /var, then /. On reboot, it's a clone. This means you bring up the minimal (installed) system first, then do the restore? Why not do it right after the basic steps of preparation right from the install CD? -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Netwroked Storage
- Original Message - From: Mauro Rezzonico l...@ch23.org To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Sent: Tuesday, September 29, 2009 9:46 PM Subject: Re: Netwroked Storage Grant Peel wrote: The intent here is to connect about 10 Web servers, each of them hosting about 200 domains, to a central storage system to house users home directories. It might be worth noting that the Web machines host a full array of software, i.e. Mail, Web, MySQL, PHP etc. I don't have an answer, bu I have a question, probably a naive one and even slightly OT.. If the 200 domains are hosting MySQL driven web applications (let's say 200 Wordpress), then perhaps they are connecting to the very same MySQL instance, so ALL their databases are in the same mysql_dbdir, and perhaps the dbdir is /var/db/mysql... So: how do you deal things like that with MySQL driven web applications? How are you going to deal the mysql_dbdir issue? NFS perhaps is not the best filesystem for MySQL tables (performance-wise)... Are you going to 'mysqldump' the databases back in each home dir? Periodically? And keep the databases on the local disks? -- Mauro Rezzonico ma...@ch23.org, Como, Italia Maybe this world is another planet's hell - H.Huxley All machines are completely autonomous. i.e they each run thier own applications and store all data to thier own disks. -Grant ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
